About the Training of the Four Abilities of Listening Speaking Reading Writing in English 浅议英语中听说读写的提高.doc

谈英语中听说读写的培养about the training of the four abilities of listening speaking reading writing in english abstract why do we study english?if a man is only good at listening and speaking,can we say that he is good at english?no.if a man is only good at reading and writing,can we say that he is good at the language?no.if a man is good at english,he should be able to use the language.wherever it is listening, speaking, reading, and writing.listening, speaking,reading, writing is four part of language skills.but also we can learn to master english, the four parts.personally believe that learning english is best to combine listening and speaking, reading and writing one, of course, if the final four were able to achieve a high degree of unity believe there will be a multiplier effect. terms in the form of language, listening, and said to be spoken, read and write is a written language; the sound of spoken language written language forms of written language is the spoken language of the written records. from the perspective of the development of human language, spoken language is primary, and written language is secondary; oral and written language the ways and means of expression, as well as vocabulary, syntax, information density and language function have significant differences. from a cognitive point of view, listening and reading is the understanding of discourse and information input capabilities, say and write is to express the ideas of the information output skills. the four skills in language learning and communication in the complementary and mutually reinforcing. key words: listening, speaking, reading, writing, language, skill, use 摘 要 我们为什么学习英语?如果一个人只擅长听和说,我们可以说他很擅长英语吗? 不能.如果一个人只善于阅读和写作,我们可以说他擅长这门语言吗? 不能.如果一个人擅长英语,他应该能够好好使用英语。无论是在听、说还是读、写方面。听，说，读，写是语言技能的四个组成部分，也是我们学习英语要掌握的四个部分。个人认为，英语学习听、说、读、写一个也不能少。而在这四部分中，最好是听与说结合，读与写一块，当然如果最终能将这四者达到高度统一相信会有事半功倍的效果。从语言的形式来看，听和说是口语，读和写是书面语；口语是书面语的有声形式，书面语是口头语言的文字记录。从人类语言的发展来看，口语是第一性的，书面语是第二性的；口语与书面语在表达方式与途径以及词汇、句法、信息密度和语言功能方面有明显区别。从认知角度看，听和读是话语理解和信息输入能力，说和写是表达思想，是信息输出技能。这四种技能在语言学习中相辅相成、相互促进。关键词听，说，读，写，语言，技能，使用 contentsabstract.3摘要.4 contents.5chapter 1 introduction.6chapter 2 ways on developing the four abilities.6i.listening.6 1.1 what is listening.7 1.2 methods of improving listening ability.9 1.3 the relationship of listening and speaking.16ii.speaking.182.1 what is speaking. .192.2 how to improve spoken english.21iii.reading.22 3.1 what is reading. .223.2 kinds of reading ability.233.3 training the reading ability.233.4 the relationship of reading. and writing.24iv.writing.284.1 what is writing.294.2 methods of improving writing ability .30conclusion.31acknowledgements.34bibliography.3522chapter 1 introductionlearning english, we must focus on improving students speaking and writing skills. through intensive training can not only enhance students more accurate pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and other knowledge, to increase interest in learning, build learning confidence, but also to students a wealth of imagination, logical thinking ability and language organizational skills. thus, in english teaching, with particular emphasis on students reading and writing skills, students should start the actual language proficiency, focusing on the language to teach students the basic knowledge, basic skills training, a lot of language, the language forms and language meaning linked, so that students effective listening, speaking, reading and writing basic skills and abilities. chapeter2ways on developing the four abilitiesi. listening1.1 what is listening ? listening, one of the means of language communication, is used most widely in peoples daily lives.what is hearing it? in general, the hearing is to identify and understand others, the ability to speak. listening is a passive acceptance of the skills, listen to the speech activity is mechanically passive understanding and acceptance of information process. in english learning as well as human interaction activities, listening to the most basic form, is to understand and absorb verbal information in communicative competence. in language learning, listening is to absorb and consolidate the language and culture speaking, reading and writing language skills important means. 1.2 methods of improving listening ability1.2.1 you can make full use of the internet to do listening exercises.download listening material from internet.listen to all things considered news stories on npr. listen to the bbc. 1.2.2 strategies once you have begun to listen on a regular basis, you might still be frustrated by limited understanding. what should you do? here is some of the advice i give: accept the fact that you are not going to understand everything. keep cool when you do not understand-even if you continue to not understand for a long time. do not translate into your native language. listen for the gist of the conversation. dont concentrate on detail until you have understood the main ideas. 1.2.3 translating creates a barrier between yourself and the person who is speaking. while you are listening to another person speaking a foreign language ,the temptation is to immediately translate into your native language. this temptation becomes much stronger when you hear a word you dont understand. this is only natural as we want to understand everything that is said. however, when you translate into your native language, you are taking the focusof your attention away from the speaker and concentrating on the translation process taking place in your brain. this would be fine if you could put the speaker on hold. in real life however, the person continues talking while you translate. this situation obviously leads to less -not more- understanding. i have discovered that translation leads to a kind of blockin my brain which sometimes doesnt allow me to understand anything at all! 1.2.4 most people repeat themselves think for a moment about your friends, family and colleagues. when they speak in your native tongue, do they repeat themselves? i dont mean literally ,i mean the general idea. if they are like most people i have met, they probably do. that means that whenever you listen to someone speaking, it is very likely that he/she will repeat the information, giving you a second, third or even fourth chance to understand what has been said. by remaining calm, allowing yourself to notunderstand, and not translating while listening, your brain is free to concentrate on the most important thing: understanding english in english.1.2.5 tipslisten to something you enjoy probably the greatest advantage about using the internet to improve your listening skills is that you can choose what you would like to listen to and how many and times you would like to listen to it. by listening to something you enjoy, you are also likely to know a lot more of the vocabulary required! listen for key words use key words or keyphrases to help you understand the general ideas. if you understand new york, business trip, last year you can assume that the person is speaking about a business trip to new york last year. this may seem obvious to you, but remember that understanding the main idea will help you to understand the detail as the person continues to speak. listen for context lets imagine that your english speaking friend says .i bought this great tunerat jrs. it was really cheap and now i can finally listen to national public radio broadcasts. you dont understand what a tuneris. if you focus on the word tuneryou might become frustrated. however, if you think in context you probably will understand. for example; bought is the past of buy, listen is no problem and radio is obvious. now you understand: he bought something - the tuner- to listen to the radio. a tunermust be a kind of radio! this is a simple example but it demonstrates what you need to focus on: not the word that you dont understand, but the words you dounderstand. 1.3 the relationship of listening and speaking listening is an absorbing and importing stage while speaking is an expressing and exporting one, the former is the basis of individual expression and the premise of language learning, listening clearly will facilitate people to imitate and speak following what they heard. 1 this outline describes vividly the relationship between the two skills. according to statistics carried out by paul ranson，an american professor ,listening and speaking are significant communication methods. from this point of view of the survey we know in daily life that listening activity accounts for 45% and speaking accounts for 30%.both of them deliver information by means of centre nerve system. as the first chapter mentioned, listening undertakes the task of understanding and absorbing information while speaking bears the assignments of conveying and delivering information. listening establishes precondition for speaking, at the same time, the latter reflects the advancement of the former. people detect the quality of listening through speaking, that is to say, if hearing someone clearly; they will speak fluently without breaking away from the right track. therefore, the two activities are conducted crisscross. people during the practice of learning language are always in line with the principle of assimilating first, and then pouring out. if only absorbing better materials can we communicate with others smoothly. ii. speaking2.1 what is speaking ? in the listening is developed on the basis of english speaking skills, generally include these factors: pronunciation intonation, vocabulary, sentence structure reasonable use appropriate language expression custom, with quick response and resourceful and succinct, etc. english is the language of sound, is the language output and release process.2.2 methods of improving listening ability to most people, speaking is the most difficult part when learning a foreign language. although everyone knows that the best way to speak a language fluently is to practice speaking as much as possible, not many people can do this. language centers often create courses focusing on speaking skills, but besides the help of these courses, you should make some effort to improve your skills on your own. learners often hesitate to speak because they are afraid of pronouncing the words wrongly. in fact it is very difficult to correct a mistake in pronunciation later if you dont pay attention to it from the start. the advice is that you should try to pronounce the words right from the very first lessons. be patient when pronouncing new words. if you make a constant mistake in pronunciation, you should record the right pronunciation of that word and listen over and over again so that you will be familiar with it. you can find short stories in the language you are learning, in books or on the internet and read them aloud at home. in this way you can roughly judge how good your pronunciation is and gain more confidence when speaking to others later. you can also try to think in the language you are learning. it may sound crazy but speaking to yourself in a foreign language is very effective for your learning. of course the best way to improve your speaking skills is to talk with a native speaker. that also means the best language class is the one which has a native speaker as the teacher. the foreign teacher usually uses only the language being learnt in the class and refuses to speak in any other. therefore you can become more familiar with the language you are studying because you are forced to speak in it.iii.reading1.1 what is reading ? many people think of reading as a simple skill,readers decode (figure out how to pronounce) each word in a text and then automatically comprehend the meaning of the words, as they do with their everyday spoken language. this is not our understanding of reading. think for a moment about the last thing you read. a newspaper analysis of rising conflict in another part of the world? a report on water quality in your community? a novel? if you could recapture your mental processing, you would notice that you read with reference to a particular world of knowledge and experience related to the text. the text evoked voices, memories, knowledge, and experiences from other times and placessome long dormant, some more immediate. if you were reading complex text about complex ideas or an unfamiliar type of text, you were working to understand it, your reading most likely characterized by many false starts and much backtracking. you were probably trying to relate it to your existing knowledge and understanding. you might have stumbled over unfamiliar words and found yourself trying to interpret them from the context. and you might have found yourself having an internal conversation with the author, silently agreeing or disagreeing with what you read. reading is not a straightforward process of lifting the words off the page. it is a complex process of problem solving in which the reader works to make sense of a text not just from the words and sentences on the page but also from the ideas, memories, and knowledge evoked by those words and sentences. although at first glance reading may seem to be passive, solitary, and simple, it is in truth active, populated by a rich mix of voices and viewsthose of the author, of the reader, and of others the reader has heard, read about, and otherwise encountered throughout life. 3.2 kinds of reading abilitybriefly, english reading into the main types: reading, reading, read fast, read, read. reading is the task of imparting knowledge based system of language. phonetics, grammar, vocabulary, discourse, results, language functional-notional is very basic. training basic language skills, fluent english, cultivate the ability to use anxiously. in both seek to improve reading comprehension, careful observation and analysis and judgment language inductive reasoning assumption such logic thinking ability. cultivating ability of rapid reading has been reading interest, to enlarge your vocabulary, enhance the cultural background knowledge. fast reading requirement in a very limited time readers quickly complete within the reader and written communication. so-called reading ability is mainly refers to the intensive and extensive reading ability.3.3 training the reading ability one of the most important skills in reading is the knowledge of word .the number of the words you know determines the difficulty and complexity of the material you can read and understand. if you have an extremely limited reading vocabulary, you will be able to read only very simple material. obviously, vocabulary forms a stumbling block for the poor reader. you have to develop strategies, which will allow you either to discover the meaning of the words or at least to proceed further with the text in spite of not knowing the meanings of some new words. one of the efficient ways is guessing the unknown vocabulary. guessing the meaning of words is a shortcut in reading. while reading in our own language, we usually have an unconscious habit of making logical inference as to the meaning of words based on the context. you can use the context to get the meaning and to help you develop the comprehension skills. to be a good reader, deducing the meaning of unfamiliar lexical items through contextual lines is necessary. in order to improve reading ability. its essential to memorize words and master the ways of guessing the meaning of words, besides, when reading, you should catch the phrases as a unit of meaning and view the sentences as a unit of meaning. sentences are the basic building blocks f