关于班主任在大学生心理危机干预中的重要作用的探析 中英文对照.doc

关于班主任在大学生心理危机干预中的重要作用的探析中英文对照analysis of the important role of the teacher in charge of the college students in psychological crisis intervention in chinese and english心理危机干预是一种心理治疗方式，指对处于困境或遭受挫折的人予以心理关怀和短程帮助的一种方式，班主任作为班级组织的直接管理者，与学生的联系最直接、最广泛，在学生思想工作中起着特殊的作用，在学生心理危机干预中同样扮演着重要角色，班主任要将心理危机干预措施贯彻到日常工作中，要着重加强对学生进行生命教育、建立健全学生心理健康普查制度等。 psychological crisis intervention is a kind of psychological therapy, refers to a way or undergoing frustration people give psychological care and short-term help, teacher as the direct management of the class organization, and their contact and the most direct, the most extensive, plays a special role in students ideological work, in the students psychological crisis the intervention also plays an important role, the class teacher to the psychological crisis intervention measures implemented in daily work, we must strengthen the students life education, establish and improve the students psychological health screening system. 关键词：班主任；心理危机；心理危机干预 keywords : teacher; psychological crisis; psychological crisis intervention at心理危机是指由于突然遭受严重灾难、重大生活事件或精神压力，使生活状况发生明显的变化，尤其是出现了用现有的生活条件和经验难以克服的困难，以致使当事人陷于痛苦、不安状态，常伴有绝望、麻木不仁、焦虑，以及植物神经症状和行为障碍。心理危机干预是一种心理治疗方式，指对处于困境或遭受挫折的人予以心理关怀和短程帮助的一种方式。它能够帮助受心理危机所困者正确认识自己的心理状态，正确理解生活中的困境与自身心理障碍之间的关系。 psychological crisis is because suddenly suffered serious disasters, major life events and mental pressure, so that the living conditions changed obviously, especially difficult to overcome the existing living conditions and experience difficulties, so that the parties to the pain, discomfort, often accompanied by despair, be petrified, anxiety, and autonomic symptoms and behavior disorder. psychological crisis intervention is a kind of psychological therapy, refers to a way or undergoing frustration people give psychological care and short-term help. it can help people to correctly understand psychological crisis with their psychological state, the correct understanding of the relationship between life and their mental disorder. 班主任作为班级组织的直接管理者，与学生的联系最直接、最广泛，在学生思想工作中起着特殊的作用，在学生心理危机干预中同样扮演着重要角色，如何在班级管理中及时对学生心理危机进行干预是班主任思考与探索的课题。 the teacher as the direct management of the class organization, and their contact and the most direct, the most extensive, plays a special role in students ideological work, in the student psychological crisis intervention also plays a significant role in the class management, how to give students timely psychological crisis intervention is thinking and exploration into the teacher subject. 1 班主任要重视学生心理危机干预工作，将该项工作贯彻到日常工作中去 1 the teacher should pay attention to students psychological crisis intervention, the work carried out in day to day work at据统计，目前全国心理疾病病人约1600万，三分之一是在儿童、青少年时期发病。而且，存在心理健康问题的青少年近年还呈上升趋势。据中国疾病控制中心精神卫生中心公布的一项调查显示，16-25.4的大学生有心理障碍，以焦虑不安、恐怖、神经衰弱、强迫症状和抑郁情绪为主。精神障碍已成为每年大学新生退学的主要原因。 according to statistics, the current national mental disease patients is about 16000000, 1/3 in the incidence of children, adolescents. moreover, mental health problems in recent years has also increased in adolescents. according to a survey of the mental health center of china center for disease control released, 16%-25.4% students have the psychological obstacles, mainly anxiety, terror, neurasthenia, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and depression mood. mental disorder has become an annual university freshmen to drop out of the main rawbecause. the end of the心理危机是一种严重的心理疾病，学生一旦犯病，很难能够及时康复，有时会伤及无辜，往往会在学生中造成大面积的影响，对正常学生的心理产生波动甚至留下阴影，并且容易在学生中制造不稳定因素，影响学校的正常教学秩序。 the psychological crisis is a serious mental disease, students once again, it was difficult to recover in time, sometimes will hurt innocent people, often affect large areas of the students, students of normal psychological fluctuations even leave a shadow, and easy manufacture unstable factors among students, affect the normal teaching order of the school. 2 班主任要了解心理危机的成因及表现形式，对学生的病情及时发现 the 2 class will cause and manifestations of understanding of psychological crisis, the students discover the disease引起大学生心理危机的原因主要有：急性残废或急性严重疾病；恋爱关系破裂；突然失去亲人或朋友；重要考试失败等。如失恋可引起严重的痛苦和愤懑情绪，有的可能采取自杀行动，或者把爱变成恨，采取攻击行为，攻击恋爱对象或所谓的第三者。对个人具有重要意义的考试失败也可能引起痛苦的情感体验，通常表现为退缩、不愿与人接 the causes of psychological crisis of college students are: acute disability or severe acute disease; a relationship breakup; suddenly lost relatives or friends; important to fail the exam. if love can cause severe pain and anger, and some may take action to dutch act, or turn love into hate, take the attack, attack object or the so-called third. has the important meaning to the persons failure in the exam may also cause painful emotional experience, usually the back, unwilling to answer触，严重者也可能采取自杀行动。由于发生这类情况的大多是年青人，可塑性大，危机过后大多能重新振作起来。 touch, serious may also take the dutch act action. because of the occurrence of this kind oflargemostly young people, plasticity, after the crisis most can reviveto. the end of the班主任干预的心理危机对象主要是存在心理危机倾向与处于心理危机状态的学生。他们一般表现为情绪剧烈波动或认知、躯体、行为等方面有较大改变，暂时不能应对或无法应对正常的生活模式。对存在下列因素之一的学生，应作为心理危机干预的高危个体予以特别关注：情绪低落、抑郁、不与家人或朋友交往者；经常有自杀意念者；存在诸如失恋、学业失败、躯体疾病、家庭变故、人际冲突等明显的动机冲突或突遭重挫者；家庭亲友中有自杀史或自杀倾向者；人格有明显缺陷者；长期有睡眠障碍者；有强烈的罪恶感、缺陷感或不安全感者；感到社会支持系统长期缺乏或丧失，感到自己无能，看不到“出路”者；有明显的精神障碍者；存在明显的攻击性行为或暴力倾向，或其它可能对自身、他人、社会造成危害者。 the intervention of the psychological crisis mainly psychological crisis tendency and in the psychological crisis of the students. they generally showed greater changes in volatility of emotional or cognitive, physical, behavioral, temporarily unable to respond to or unable to cope with the normal patterns of life. on the existence of the following factors of the students, we should pay close attention to as a high-risk individual psychological crisis intervention : depression, depression, no contact with family or friends; often a dutch act idea; the existence of such brokenhearted, academic failure, physical illness, family, interpersonal conflicts and other obvious motive conflict or suddenly fell. dutch act; a history of family and friends or suicidal person; personality has obvious defects; long-term sleep disorders; have a strong sense of guilt, feelings of inadequacy or insecurity; feel the social support system for long-term lack or loss, feel incompetent, can not see the way out; there is obvious mental disorder; obvious tendency of aggression or violence, or other possible to oneself, others, cause harm to the society. 做好学生心理危机干预工作应立足教育，重在预防。班主任作为学生的“贴心人”，应能及时发现学生的心理危机，并及时给予预防和干预，将重大心理隐患消除在萌芽阶段。3 班主任要将心理危机干预措施贯彻到日常工作中，引导学生建立健康的心理从以下几点入手 do the students psychological crisis intervention should be based on education, prevention. the teacher to the students as close friends, should be able to find the students psychological crisis, and give timely prevention and intervention, the major psychological eliminate hidden dangers in the bud stage. the 3 class will be psychological crisis intervention measures implemented into daily work, guide the students to establish healthy psychology from the following points 首先，班主任要加强对学生进行生命教育，引导学生热爱生活，热爱生命，善待人生；加强对学生进行自我意识教育，引导学生正确认识自我，愉快接纳自我，积极发展自我，树立自信，消除自卑；加强对学生进行危机应对教育，让学生了解什么是危机，人们在什么情况下会出现危机，对出现自杀预兆的同学如何进行帮助和干预。要在学生中大力普及心理健康知识，引导学生树立现代健康观念，应针对学生中广泛存在的环境适应问题、情绪管理问题、人际交往问题、恋爱与性的问题、学习方法问题等开展教育。要在班集体中形成良好的心理健康氛围，帮助学生优化个性心理品质，增强心理调适能力，提高心理健康水平。 first of all, the teacher should strengthen life education for students, guide the students to love life, love life, to treat life; strengthen the consciousness of self education of students, guide students to a correct understanding of self, a self acceptance, the positive development of self, to establish confidence, eliminate inferiority; strengthen the crisis education to students, let students understand what is a crisis the crisis occurred, people in what circumstances, how to help and intervention of dutch act warning students. we should vigorously popularize mental health knowledge in the students, guide the students to establish the modern health concept, should be aimed at students in widespread environmental adaptation, emotional management, interpersonal problems, love and sexual problems, learning problems in education. to form a mental health good atmosphere in the class, help students to optimize individual psychological quality, enhance psychological adjustment ability, improve the level of mental health. 其次，班主任要建立健全学生心理健康普查制度。要及早发现有心理问题的学生，及时解决学生中存在的主要心理问题，对那些心理困扰较为严重的学生要逐一访谈，并根据访谈情况给予积极、有效的心理帮助或心理干预，实行动态管理。 secondly, the teacher should establish and improve the students psychological health survey system. to find the students with psychological problems, timely solve the major psychological problems in students psychological distress, for those more serious student interviews one by one, and according to the interview to give a positive, effective psychological help or psychological intervention, the implementation of dynamic management. 第三，当学生出现因心理危机引发有自伤、自毁等突发事件，班主任应立即报告给院系领导，并进行紧急援救。对症状表现较重、危机程度较高者，必须立即将其送往医院或专业精神医院进行治疗，同时应通知学生家长立即来校，配合对学生的治疗工作。 third, when the students because of psychological crisis triggered a self-injury, self-destruction and other emergencies, the teacher in charge should report to the department leader immediately, and emergency rescue. the symptoms heavier, crisis degree is high, must be immediately sent to hospital or professional hospital for treatment, and shall notify the parents of the students immediately to the school, the students work with treatment. 第四，班主任应对康复后的心理危机学生进行跟踪管理。学生康复后，班主任应对其密切关注，了解其心理变化情况，每月至少与其谈心一次，并通过学生干部、信息员等途径随时了解其心理状况。对于因有强烈的自杀意念或自杀未遂休学而复学的学生，班主任还应给予他们特别的关心，引导其他同学避免与其发生激烈冲突，安排学生骨干、该生室友对其密切监护，制定可能发生危机的防备预案，随时防止该生心理状况的恶化。 fourth, the response to the rehabilitation after psychological crisis of student management track. students after rehabilitation, teacher should pay close attention to, understand the psychological changes, at least a month to talk with the time, an