英语语法 主谓一致的测试热点.ppt

高三英语总复习语法系列训练高三英语总复习语法系列训练 主谓一致的测试热点主谓一致的测试热点 主谓一致是指句中的主语和谓语的致。我们一般遵从三个原则：主谓一致是指句中的主语和谓语的致。我们一般遵从三个原则： 1 1、 语法一致的原则：语法一致的原则： 语法一致的原则是指主语为单数或复数时，其谓语动词要与其 相呼应。但我们要注意一些特殊情况； 1）以along with, together with, with, as well as, accompanied by, rather than, but, except 连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数以第一个 主语为主。例如： several passengers, together with the driver, werewere hurt. 2）表示时间，重量，长度，价格等的复数名词，作主语从整体来 看时，谓语动词用单数。例如： fifty years is is not a long time. 3） 非谓语动词，从句或其他短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 例如： early to bed and early to rise is is healthful. 4）如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词，但前面有each, every, no 等词修饰时，谓语用单数。例如： every boy and girl in this region is is taught to read and write. 2 2、 意义一致的原则：意义一致的原则： 意义一致的原则指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表 达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志，主要表现为某些 集体名词后可跟动词单数或复数。如果这些集体名词指整 体概念时，谓语动词用单数；指具体成员时用复数。例如 ： the population of the earth isis increasing very fast. 类似这样的集体名词有： family, class, audience, committee （委员会）, crowd, crew, group, party, population, team, public, council （理事会）, village 等。 3 3、 就近原则：就近原则： 所谓就近原则是指谓语动词单复数取决于离它最近的 词语，而无须考虑其他的词。 1） 以eitheror, or, neithernor 和not onlybut also连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数形式应与离谓语最 近的主语保持一致。例如： either you or he has to go there with me. 2） 由there或here引起的主语，而又不止是一个时，采 取就近原则。例如： here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you. 主谓一致的测试热点主谓一致的测试热点 1由 many a 或 more than + 单数名词作主语时，其谓语用单数 形式。 many a foreigner has been to the great wall. many a foreigner has been to the great wall. more than one student has visited the exhibition. more than one student has visited the exhibition. 2“的几分之几”和“的百分之几” 作主语时，其谓语用单 数或复数取决于 of 后的名词。 three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 40 percent of the students in our class are girls. 40 percent of the students in our class are girls. 3“a number of + 名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数； “ the number of + 名词复数”作主语，谓语用单数。 a number of pupils like reading picture-books. a number of pupils like reading picture-books. the number of the students in our class is 55. the number of the students in our class is 55. 4并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用 单数，这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。 the secretary of the party branch and director of that the secretary of the party branch and director of that factory often works with the workers. factory often works with the workers. 5成对的名词，如bread and butter涂黄油的面包，soda and water汽水，coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡，aim and end目的， salt and water盐开水等，虽然有and连接，但仍表单一概念，作 主语时，谓语用单数。 a knife and fork is on the table.a knife and fork is on the table. 6由 and 连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each, every或no修 饰时，其谓语用单数形式。 no student and no teacher is invited to the party. no student and no teacher is invited to the party. in our country every boy and every girl has right to receive in our country every boy and every girl has right to receive education. education. 7主语是单数，其后跟有together with, along with (与一道) ，as well as (和；也)，no less than (和一样)，rather than ( 而不)，以及with, not, like, but, except, besides, including 等引 起的短语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 he as well as his sister is a league member.he as well as his sister is a league member. 8在定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that, which,谓语动词的数 应与先行词的数一致。 i, who am your teacher, will teach you everything i know.i, who am your teacher, will teach you everything i know. 9主语是一些只有复数形式的名词，如clothes, trousers, glasses, compasses, scissors, shoes, socks, gloves等时，谓 语用复数。但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有a pair of修饰时，谓 语用单数。 my trousers are being washed now. my trousers are being washed now. there is a pair of shoes in the box. there is a pair of shoes in the box. 10表示度量、价格、时间的复数名词词组作主语时一般被看作一 个整体，谓语用单数形式。 ten dollars is not enough. ten dollars is not enough. three months has passed since he left. three months has passed since he left. 11主语是以-ics 结尾的学科名词以及news, works (工厂)等都属 形式复数，而意义单数的名词，其谓语用单数形式。另外means一 词单复数同形应视具体情况而定。 mathematics seems to be difficult to learn. mathematics seems to be difficult to learn. a new means of teaching is being used in that school. a new means of teaching is being used in that school. 注：学科名词前如有物主代词修饰时，谓语常用复数。 my mathematics are week. my mathematics are week. 12主语是用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名等的复数名词，谓语一 般用单数形式。 the united states is a developed country.the united states is a developed country. 13主语是family, team, group, crowd, class, committee等集合 名词时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式，如指的是全体 人员时，谓语用复数。 his family are all music lovers.his family are all music lovers. 14“one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”之前有the only, the very, the等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 she is the only one of these women who plays the violin. she is the only one of these women who plays the violin. 15主语是疑问代词who, what, which,不定代词all, more, most, any, none等以及名词half, part, the rest等既可表示复数意义又可 表示单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。 half of the visitors are from europe. half of the visitors are from europe. half of the fruit is bad. half of the fruit is bad. 16主语是表示数量的“one and a half +复数名词”，其谓语用单 数形式。主语是“one or two + 复数名词”，其谓语用复数形式。 one and a half bananas is left on the table. one and a half bananas is left on the table. there are one or two things id like to know about. there are one or two things id like to know about. 17the +形容词或分词作主语时，如指一类人。其谓语用复数， 如指抽象概念，其谓语用单数。如： the rich are not always happy. the rich are not always happy. the new is sure to replace the old. the new is sure to replace the old. 18由not only but also, neithernor, eitheror, not but 以及or连接的并列主语，谓语动词要与最靠近它的主语在数上保持 一致。 not only your fathers friends but also your father likes not only your fathers friends but also your father likes smoking.smoking. 19在倒装句中以及在there be 结构中，如主语是并列的，谓 语动词往往和其后面的第一个主语取得数上的一致。 where is your mother and younger sister? where is your mother and younger sister? there is a pen , two pencils and five books on the desk. there is a pen , two pencils and five books on the desk. 20主语 people 作“人们，人民”解时，谓语动词用复数，作“民族 ”解时，有单复数之分。 our people is a great one. our people is a great one. there are 56 peoples in china. there are 56 peoples in china. 21主语是a / this / that kind of +名词，谓语用单数形式，主语指 的不是一种而是多种，谓语动词用复数。 this kind of cloth feels soft. this kind of cloth feels soft. there are different kinds of animals. there are different kinds of animals. 22主语是“each of ”，“neither of ”，“either of ”，“one of ”等时，其谓语用单数。 each of them has his own duty. each of them has his own duty. 23陈述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one或 no +复数名词等作主语时 ，反意部分用they。而陈述部分用everything, something, nothing, anything时，反意部分代词则采用单数，用it。 somebody is waiting for you, aren they? somebody is waiting for you, aren they? everything is all right, isnt it? everything is all right, isnt it? 24动名词或动词不定式作主语，其谓语用单数形式。 when and where to build the new factory is not decided yet. when and where to build the new factory is not decided yet. 25用引号的词语作主语时，谓语用单数第三人称。 “ “i” is the ninth letter of the english alphabet. i” is the ninth letter of the english alphabet. 26在强调结构