欧洲文化入门第九章 Realism.ppt

european cultureeuropean culture： an introductionan introduction division nine realismdivision nine realism n n general introductiongeneral introduction n n realism in francerealism in france n n realism in russiarealism in russia n n realism in northern europerealism in northern europe n n realism in englandrealism in england n n realism in the united statesrealism in the united states n n artart n n music at the turn of the centurymusic at the turn of the century n n what is realism?what is realism? n n in art and literature the term realism in art and literature the term realism is used to identify a literary is used to identify a literary movement in europe and the united movement in europe and the united states in the last half of the 19th states in the last half of the 19th century and the early years of the century and the early years of the 20th century. the realists wanted a 20th century. the realists wanted a truthful representation in their works truthful representation in their works of contemporary life and manners.of contemporary life and manners. n n the historical background the historical background n n the realist movement was greatly the realist movement was greatly influenced by the development of influenced by the development of science in the 19th century. the age science in the 19th century. the age of realism was the age of railway, of realism was the age of railway, wireless telegraphy and countless wireless telegraphy and countless other mechanical inventions that other mechanical inventions that revolutionized the nature of society revolutionized the nature of society within a very short span of time.within a very short span of time. n n the 19th century is the century of the 19th century is the century of greatest change in the history of western greatest change in the history of western civilization. the profound social dislocation civilization. the profound social dislocation and urban poverty brought about by the and urban poverty brought about by the social and economic changes created social and economic changes created severe problems to which the political and severe problems to which the political and intellectual leaders of the 19th century intellectual leaders of the 19th century reacted in a number of ways.reacted in a number of ways. n n round about the 1830s, in france, round about the 1830s, in france, portugal and russia, liberals, nationalists portugal and russia, liberals, nationalists and socialists led several revolutions, but and socialists led several revolutions, but most of them failed.most of them failed. realism in francerealism in france n n stendhal (pen name of marie henri stendhal (pen name of marie henri beyle, 1783-1842)beyle, 1783-1842)司汤达司汤达 n n works: works: armance le rough et le noir armance le rough et le noir ( the red and the black)( the red and the black)红与黑红与黑 , , n n la chartreuse de parme (the la chartreuse de parme (the charterhouse of parma)charterhouse of parma)巴马修道院巴马修道院 n n honore de balzac honore de balzac 巴尔扎克巴尔扎克 (1799-1850)(1799-1850) n n balzac has been called balzac has been called “ “the the french dickensfrench dickens” ”. . n n works: works: la comedie humaine la comedie humaine ( the human comedy)( the human comedy)人间喜剧人间喜剧 , , n n eugenie grandeteugenie grandet欧也妮欧也妮 葛朗台葛朗台 , , le pere goriot le pere goriot 高老头高老头 n n la cousine bettela cousine bette贝蒂表妹贝蒂表妹 n n gustave flaubertgustave flaubert福福 楼拜楼拜 (1821-1880)(1821-1880) n n flaubert is one of flaubert is one of the great literary the great literary artist of the 19th artist of the 19th century.century. n n work: work: madame madame boverybovery包法利夫人包法利夫人 n n emile zola emile zola 左拉左拉(1840-1902)(1840-1902) n n zola was the founder of the zola was the founder of the naturalist school.naturalist school. n n work: work: les rougen-macquartsles rougen-macquarts罗根罗根 . . 马马 塔里塔里 . . n n guy de maupassantguy de maupassant莫泊桑莫泊桑 (1850-(1850- 1893)1893) n n work: the necklacework: the necklace项链项链, , n n the piece of string the piece of string 一条绳子一条绳子 n n the umbrellathe umbrella雨伞雨伞 realism in russiarealism in russia n n 1. nikolai gogol 1. nikolai gogol 果戈里果戈里(1809-(1809- 1852)1852) n n nikolai gogol was the first nikolai gogol was the first master of fiction in russia to master of fiction in russia to leave romantic conventions leave romantic conventions and go to life for his and go to life for his subjects.subjects. n n works: dead soulsworks: dead souls死魂灵死魂灵 n n ivan sergeyevich turgenev ivan sergeyevich turgenev 屠格涅夫屠格涅夫(1818-1883)(1818-1883) n n turgenev was the first turgenev was the first russion author to gain russion author to gain recognition in the west.recognition in the west. n n works: works: a huntera hunter s sketchess sketches 猎人笔记猎人笔记 , , n n a nest of gentlefolka nest of gentlefolk贵族之家贵族之家 , , n n fathers and sonsfathers and sons父与子父与子 n n fyodor dostoyevskyfyodor dostoyevsky陀思陀思 妥耶夫斯基妥耶夫斯基 (1821-1881)(1821-1881) n n works: works: the house of the house of deathdeath死屋手记死屋手记 , , n n crime and punishmentcrime and punishment罪罪 与罚与罚 , , n n the brother karamazovthe brother karamazov 卡拉马佐夫兄弟卡拉马佐夫兄弟 n n count leo tolstoy count leo tolstoy 列夫列夫 托尔托尔 斯泰斯泰(1828-1910)(1828-1910) n n with dostoyevsky, tolstoy with dostoyevsky, tolstoy made the russian realistic made the russian realistic novel a literary genre that novel a literary genre that ranks in importance with ranks in importance with classical greek tragedy and classical greek tragedy and elizabethan drama.elizabethan drama. n n anton pavlovich chekhov anton pavlovich chekhov契科夫契科夫 n n works:works: the seagull the seagull海鸥海鸥 , , n n uncle vanyauncle vanya万尼亚舅舅万尼亚舅舅 , , n n the three sistersthe three sisters三姊妹三姊妹 , , n n the cherry orchardthe cherry orchard樱桃园樱桃园 realism in northern europerealism in northern europe n n henrik ibsen henrik ibsen 易卜生易卜生(1828(1828 -1906)-1906) n n works: works: a dolla doll s houses house玩玩 偶之家偶之家 , , n n ghostsghosts群鬼群鬼 , , n n an enemy of the people an enemy of the people 人民公敌人民公敌 n n the wild duckthe wild duck野鸭野鸭 and and hedda gablerhedda gabler海达高布乐海达高布乐 n n august strindbergaugust strindberg奥古斯特奥古斯特 斯特林堡斯特林堡 n n (1849-1912)(1849-1912) n n works: master olafworks: master olaf奥洛夫老师奥洛夫老师, the , the son of a servantson of a servant女仆的儿子女仆的儿子 realism in englandrealism in england n n charles dickens charles dickens 狄更斯狄更斯 (1812-1870)(1812-1870) n n works: works: pickwick paperspickwick papers匹匹 克威克外传克威克外传 , , n n a tale of two cities a tale of two cities双城记双城记 , oliver twist, oliver twist雾都孤儿雾都孤儿 , , n n hard times hard times 艰难时事艰难时事 n n bleak housebleak house荒凉山庄荒凉山庄 , , n n david copperfielddavid copperfield大卫科波大卫科波 菲尔菲尔 n n 2. george eliot 2. george eliot 乔治乔治 艾略特艾略特(pen name (pen name of mary ann evans 1819-1880)of mary ann evans 1819-1880) n n works: works: middlemarchmiddlemarch n n 米德尔马契米德尔马契, , n n the mill on the flossthe mill on the floss n n 弗洛斯河上的磨坊弗洛斯河上的磨坊 n n william makepeace thackeraywilliam makepeace thackeray萨克雷萨克雷 (1811-1863)(1811-1863) n n work: work: vanity fairvanity fair名利场名利场 n n thomas hardythomas hardy哈代哈代 n n works: works: far from the madding far from the madding crowdcrowd远离尘嚣远离尘嚣, the return of , the return of the nativethe native还乡还乡 , , n n the mayer of casterbridgethe mayer of casterbridge卡斯卡斯 特桥市长特桥市长 , , n n tess of the dtess of the d urberyvilles urberyvilles n n 德伯家的苔丝德伯家的苔丝 n n jude the obscurejude the obscure无名的裘德无名的裘德 n n george bernard shawgeorge bernard shaw萧伯纳萧伯纳 (1856-1950)(1856-1950) n n shaw won the nobel prize in shaw won the nobel prize in 1925.1925. n n works: works: n n heartbreak househeartbreak house伤心之家伤心之家 , , n n st. joanst. joan圣女贞德圣女贞德 , , n n the apple cart the apple cart 苹果车苹果车 n n major barbaramajor barbara芭芭拉少校芭芭拉少校 pygmalionpygmalion卖花女卖花女 realism in the united statesrealism in the united states n n harriet beecher stoweharriet beecher stowe比彻比彻 斯托夫人斯托夫人 (1811-1896)(1811-1896) n n work: uncle tomwork: uncle tom s cabins cabin汤姆叔叔的小汤姆叔叔的小 屋屋 n n walt whitemanwalt whiteman惠特曼惠特曼 (1819-(1819- 1892)1892) n n considered by many to be considered by many to be the greatest of all american the greatest of all american poets, whitman celebrated poets, whitman celebrated the freedom and dignity of the freedom and dignity of the individual and sang the the individual and sang the praises of democracy and the praises of democracy and the brotherhood of man.brotherhood of man. n n works: works: n n leaves of grass leaves of grass 草叶集草叶集 n n when lilacs last in the when lilacs last in the dooryard bloomdooryard bloom d d当丁香花最当丁香花最 后在庭院开放的时候后在庭院开放的时候. . n n mark twain mark twain马克马克 吐温吐温 (pen (pen name of samuel langhorne name of samuel langhorne clemens 1835-1910)clemens 1835-1910) n n worksworks：the celebrated the celebrated jumping frog of caravras jumping frog of caravras countrycountry n n 卡拉维拉斯郡著名的跳蛙卡拉维拉斯郡著名的跳蛙 n n the adventures of hckberry the adventures of hckberry finnfinn哈克贝利分历险记哈克贝利分历险记, the , the gilded agegilded age镀金时代镀金时代 , , n n the adventures of tom the adventures of tom sawyersawyer汤姆索菲亚历险记汤姆索菲亚历险记 , , n n the prince and the pauper the prince and the pauper 王子与穷人王子与穷人 n n henry jameshenry james亨利亨利 詹姆斯詹姆斯 (1843-(1843- 1916)1916) n n worksworks:the portrait of lady:the portrait of lady贵妇画像贵妇画像 , , the passionate pilgrim and other the passionate pilgrim and other stories, daisy millerstories, daisy miller黛西米勒黛西米勒, the , the golden bowlgolden bowl金碗金碗 artart n n realism in artrealism in art n n gustave courbetgustave courbet居居 斯塔夫斯塔夫 库尔贝库尔贝 (1819(1819 -1877)-1877) n n works: works: the the stonebreakers,stonebreakers, n n burial at ornans burial at ornans n n b. jean-francois milletb. jean-francois millet让让 弗朗索瓦弗朗索瓦 米勒米勒 (1814-1875)(1814-1875) n n his works generally depict one or two his works generally depict one or two peasant figures quietly engaged in peasant figures quietly engaged in earthly or domestic toil.earthly or domestic toil. n n works: works: the sower,the sower, n n gleaners gleaners impressionism in artimpressionism in art generally speaking, the generally speaking, the impressionists aimed at capturing the impressionists aimed at capturing the fleeting image of a scene taken in by fleeting image of a scene taken in by the eye in real life and recreating the the eye in real life and recreating the transitory experience with transitory experience with brushstrokes which are eventually brushstrokes which are eventually transformed into a web of infinitely transformed into a web of infinitely varied, tiny units that dissolve solied varied, tiny units that dissolve solied objects into a dense, colored objects into a dense, colored atmosphere.atmosphere. n n a. edouard maneta. edouard manet爱杜爱杜 尔尔 马奈马奈 (1832-1883)(1832-1883) n n manet was regarded manet was regarded as the leader of the as the leader of the impressionist impressionist movement.movement. n n works:works: le dejeuner le dejeuner sur lsur l herbe, herbe, n n foliers bergersfoliers bergers n n b. claude monetb. claude monet克克 劳德劳德 莫奈莫奈 (1840-(1840- 1926)1926) n n c. camille pissarroc. camille pissarro 卡米耶卡米耶 毕沙罗毕沙罗 (1830-1903)(1830-1903) n n work: the place du work: the place du theatre francaistheatre francais n n d. pierre aguste renoird. pierre aguste renoir皮埃尔皮埃尔- -奥古斯奥古斯 特特 雷诺阿雷诺阿 n n work: moulin de la galettework: moulin de la galette n n e. hilaire germain edgar degase. hilaire germain edgar degas埃德加埃德加 德加德加 (1834-1917)(1834-1917) n n works:works: caf caf concert, the glass of concert, the glass of absinthe, ballerina on the stageabsinthe, ballerina on the stage post-impressionismpost-impressionism n n a. paul cezannea. paul cezanne保罗保罗 塞尚塞尚 (1839-1906)(1839-1906) n n cezanne created a new world of forms out cezanne created a new world of forms out of natural objects, even distorting of natural objects, even distorting appearance and reducing objects to appearance and reducing objects to geometrical patterns in order to make a geometrical patterns in order to make a coherent whole in his pictures.coherent whole in his pictures. n n works: the boy in red vest,works: the boy in red vest, n n ruit bowl, glass and applesruit bowl, glass and apples n n b.vincent van goghb.vincent van gogh梵高梵高 (1853-1890)(1853-1890) n n he is a dutch impressionist painter, he is a dutch impressionist painter, who stresses the expression of his who stresses the expression of his subjective emotion in his paintings.subjective emotion in his paintings. n n works: starry night, works: starry night, n n sunflower,sunflower, n n the night caf the night caf n n c. paul gauguinc. paul gauguin保罗高更保罗高更 (1848-1903)(1848-1903) n n works: works: la orana maria,la orana maria, n n n n vision after the sermonvision after the sermon sculpturesculpture n n works: works: n n the man with the the man with the broke nose, broke nose, n n the thinkerthe thinker architecturearchitecture n n for the nineteenth for the nineteenth century architect century architect comes gradually to abandon comes gradually to abandon sentimental and romantica designs sentimental and romanti