汉英翻译课件之汉语句子中否定表达的翻译.ppt

汉语句子中否定表达的翻译汉语句子中否定表达的翻译 一一 汉语否定句：汉语否定句： 汉语中否定概念通过词汇手段来表达，否定汉语中否定概念通过词汇手段来表达，否定 句带有否定字词的标记。例如：句带有否定字词的标记。例如： 我不喜欢这部电影。我不喜欢这部电影。 他这样说毫无道理。他这样说毫无道理。 你得赶紧走，否则会迟到。你得赶紧走，否则会迟到。 汉语中也常用汉语中也常用“ “不怎么，不总是，几乎不，几不怎么，不总是，几乎不，几 乎没有，不都是，并非所有乎没有，不都是，并非所有” ”等词来表达部等词来表达部 分否定。常用分否定。常用“ “不不. .没有没有”“ ”“非非. .不不”“ ”“非非 莫莫 ”“ ”“不是不是. .不不”“ ”“决不决不. .没有没有” ”等来表达双重否等来表达双重否 定。定。 二英语否定句二英语否定句 英语表达否定概念同样采用词汇手段。如可英语表达否定概念同样采用词汇手段。如可 借助借助否定词否定词no, never, nor, not, neitherno, never, nor, not, neither等等 ，或具有，或具有否定意义否定意义的词语，如的词语，如hardly, hardly, rarely, seldom, barely, scarcely, narrowly, rarely, seldom, barely, scarcely, narrowly, few, littlefew, little等。以及由前缀等。以及由前缀no-, non-, in-, disno-, non-, in-, dis -, un-, im-, -, un-, im-, 和后缀和后缀-less-less等组成的词语。英等组成的词语。英 语中含有否定意义的词汇，还包括其他各语中含有否定意义的词汇，还包括其他各 类词语和词组：类词语和词组： 动词：动词：lack, fail, deny, miss, exclude, run lack, fail, deny, miss, exclude, run short/out of, keep/stop/refrain/prevent short/out of, keep/stop/refrain/prevent (from), (get) rid of/overlook/deny.(from), (get) rid of/overlook/deny. 名词：名词：absence, exclusion, lack, absence, exclusion, lack, wantwant, , failure, ignorance, denial.failure, ignorance, denial. wantwant he wants the courage to speak the truth.he wants the courage to speak the truth. after the disaster, there were many who after the disaster, there were many who wanted food and shelter.wanted food and shelter. 形容词：形容词：absent, missing, ignorant, gone, absent, missing, ignorant, gone, free/far/safe from, short of, exclusive of.free/far/safe from, short of, exclusive of. 介词：介词：beyond, without, above, except, beyond, without, above, except, save, but, save, but, 连词：连词：before, unlessbefore, unless 也可采用句法手段：也可采用句法手段： rather thanrather than i think i will have a cold rather than the i think i will have a cold rather than the coffee.coffee. it is management that is at faults rather it is management that is at faults rather than the work force.than the work force. rather than risk breaking up his marriage, rather than risk breaking up his marriage, he told his wife everything.he told his wife everything. other thanother than he never speaks to me other than to ask for he never speaks to me other than to ask for money.money. she has no close friend other than him.she has no close friend other than him. moremorethanthan i like her more than her husband.i like her more than her husband. it had more the appearance of a deliberate it had more the appearance of a deliberate crime than of an accident.crime than of an accident. he is too young to take care of himself.he is too young to take care of himself. 三三 以否定形式译之以否定形式译之 我认为他不够格。我认为他不够格。 i doni don t think he is qualified.t think he is qualified. 我们任何时候都没有被困难吓倒过。我们任何时候都没有被困难吓倒过。 never have we been daunted by the never have we been daunted by the difficulties.difficulties. 我对他的情况一无所知。我对他的情况一无所知。 i doni don t know anything about him.t know anything about him. 这房子尽管富丽堂皇，但住起来一点也不舒服。这房子尽管富丽堂皇，但住起来一点也不舒服。 with all its magnificence, the house is not at all with all its magnificence, the house is not at all comfortable to live fortable to live in. 动物没有水不能生存，植物没有水也不能生长。动物没有水不能生存，植物没有水也不能生长。 animals cannot live without water, neither can plants animals cannot live without water, neither can plants grow.grow. 中国人口的百分之八十在农村，如果不解决这百分之八十中国人口的百分之八十在农村，如果不解决这百分之八十 的人的生活问题，社会就不会安定的。的人的生活问题，社会就不会安定的。 eighty percent of chinaeighty percent of china s population live in the rural s population live in the rural areas. there will be no social stability unless their areas. there will be no social stability unless their daily needs are met.daily needs are met. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 if one does not exert oneself in youth, one will regret it if one does not exert oneself in youth, one will regret it in old age.in old age. 四四 将汉语双重否定译成英语双重否定将汉语双重否定译成英语双重否定 如果你的学习方法对头，那么在短时间内掌如果你的学习方法对头，那么在短时间内掌 握一门外语并不是不可能。握一门外语并不是不可能。 it is not impossible to master a foreign it is not impossible to master a foreign language within a short period if you have language within a short period if you have a good study method.a good study method. 开始学英语时，讲英语不可能不犯错误。开始学英语时，讲英语不可能不犯错误。 at the beginning of learning english, you at the beginning of learning english, you cant speak it without making mistakes.cant speak it without making mistakes. 我几乎没有一天不想念他。我几乎没有一天不想念他。 hardly a day goes by when i donhardly a day goes by when i don t miss him.t miss him. 巧妇难为无米之炊。巧妇难为无米之炊。 you canyou can t make something out of nothing.t make something out of nothing. 不看秦始皇兵马俑，不算真正到过中国。不看秦始皇兵马俑，不算真正到过中国。 a.a.a traveler who has not seen the qin a traveler who has not seen the qin dynasty terra cotta figures cannot claim dynasty terra cotta figures cannot claim to have visited china.to have visited china. b.b.no one who has not seen the qin no one who has not seen the qin dynasty terra cotta figures can claim to dynasty terra cotta figures can claim to have visited china.have visited china. 五五 以肯定形式译之：英译时借助含有以肯定形式译之：英译时借助含有否定意否定意 义义的词来传译的词来传译 汉语里的否定意义译成英语中的肯定词语有汉语里的否定意义译成英语中的肯定词语有 ：free from/of, safe from, ignorant of, free from/of, safe from, ignorant of, independent of, devoid of, foreign to, blind independent of, devoid of, foreign to, blind to, different from, less than, dead to, to, different from, less than, dead to, impatient of, deficient in, alien toimpatient of, deficient in, alien to等等。等等。 汤姆在这次期末考试中未及格。汤姆在这次期末考试中未及格。 tom failed in the final examination.tom failed in the final examination. 玛丽不愿意去很远的地方工作。玛丽不愿意去很远的地方工作。 mary is reluctant to work in the far place.mary is reluctant to work in the far place. 他无可指责。他无可指责。 he is above blame.he is above blame. 我们不能让孩子们去河里游泳。我们不能让孩子们去河里游泳。 we must keep the kids from swimming in the we must keep the kids from swimming in the river.river. 这尊雕像在经历大地震后竟毫发未损，仍然矗立。这尊雕像在经历大地震后竟毫发未损，仍然矗立。 the statue survived the great earthquake, the statue survived the great earthquake, remained intact and was still standing there.remained intact and was still standing there. 我的朋友都不抽烟。我的朋友都不抽烟。 none of my friends smokes.none of my friends smokes. 那决不是明朝的建筑。那决不是明朝的建筑。 that is anything but a building of the ming that is anything but a building of the ming dynasty.dynasty. 欲速则不达。欲速则不达。 more haste, less speed.more haste, less speed. 人民军队离不开人民，就像鱼儿离不开水一人民军队离不开人民，就像鱼儿离不开水一 样。样。 the people is to the peoplethe people is to the people s army what s army what water is to fish.water is to fish. 没有设备，我们就自己制造。没有设备，我们就自己制造。 short of equipment, we make it on our own.short of equipment, we make it on our own. 女孩儿未出嫁，是颗无价宝珠。女孩儿未出嫁，是颗无价宝珠。 a girl before marriage is a precious pearl.a girl before marriage is a precious pearl. 这位老人还没到医院就死了。这位老人还没到医院就死了。 the old man died before he reached the hospital.the old man died before he reached the hospital. 我们决不辜负全国人民对我们的期望。我们决不辜负全国人民对我们的期望。 we will live up to the expectation of the people all over we will live up to the expectation of the people all over the country.the country. 他的解释不能让人满意。他的解释不能让人满意。 his explanation is far from satisfactory.his explanation is far from satisfactory. 做母亲的有时不能觉察到自己孩子的过错。做母亲的有时不能觉察到自己孩子的过错。 mothers are sometimes blind to the faults of their mothers are sometimes blind to the faults of their children.children. 一般的读者几乎读不到这本书。一般的读者几乎读不到这本书。 the book can scarcely reach the common readers.the book can scarcely reach the common readers. 这个计算上的错误没有被会计看出。这个计算上的错误没有被会计看出。 the error in calculation escaped the accountant.the error in calculation escaped the accountant. 没有检测到信号。没有检测到信号。 no signal is detected.no signal is detected. 在任何情况下，中国都不会首先使用核武器。在任何情况下，中国都不会首先使用核武器。 under no circumstances should china be the first under no circumstances should china be the first to use nuclear weapons.to use nuclear weapons. 咱们打开天窗说亮话吧，我不怕误解。咱们打开天窗说亮话吧，我不怕误解。 i will therefore speak to you without reserve, and i will therefore speak to you without reserve, and without any dread of being misunderstood.without any dread of being misunderstood. 在场的所有的人一点也不了解发生了什么。在场的所有的人一点也不了解发生了什么。 all the people pre