文化差异与文化传播--试谈异化翻译.txt

:. . . (theself) (theother). . . (reignizingtranslation). 壬 . 顣 . 黯(domestieatingtranslation) acknowledgements firstofallmyheartfeltthanks90tomysupervisorprofossorzhang zhilingsincethisthesisowesagreatdealtoherguidance.sheprovidedmuch- appreeiatedhelpduringthewholewritingofthisthesis.it15largelyduetoher enlighteninginstruetionthatthisthesisfinallycameintobeing. 1amalsogratefultoprofessorfanshouyiforhisinitialencouragement when1deeidedtotakethechallengeofwritingathesisoneulturaltranslation. moreoverit15duetotheeourseoftranslationtheoryofferedbyprofessorfan that1becameillterestedinthepoststrueturalisttheoryandforeignizing translationadvoeatedbylawreneevenuti. 1alsowouldliketothankallthosewhoeared50muehaboutmywritingand urgedmetoeompletethisthesisasearlyaspossible.uon.1 chapterlcultuandculturalothess.6 1.1cultu 1.1.ieİnition6 1.1.2cultoreandlgue7 12culm.8 chterzcultureinnslationandnslati0nstudies10 2.1cultureandlianslon.10 2.2culrall1islationstudlesinthev/estfocusingontheu.5.12 2.2.1culraltir1ati0nstudies.12 2.2.2differenitslationsgiestow5cultumlothemess.16 2.3tlslationandcultaltssioninchina.26 2.3.1culluxitnssinnemctionandaimoftrlslation26 2.3.2foleignizingtilslationforcultaltsston.9 2.3.3connentsonthechesepieiplesofe(litlhslation.31 chapter3cultunspecltenandfoigngtnslaon.34 3.1culturesificlte(csis)34 3.1.ietion34 3.1.2num37 3.2folelzingtilationofcsis39 32.ipieip1es.39 3.2.2suggestedmel.42 3.2.3dlffenivelsofforeignizingti151on52 c0nclusi0n62 bibliography.64 introduetion generallyspeakingeulture15duetohrnanactivitiesideasandidealsandtheir moreorlessdurableexpressions.moralsbeliefknowledge棬eustomsandcrafts arealleonstituentsofeulture.humanabilitiesanddispositionsarealsoineluded withineulture.thereforeeulturemaybedefinedasasystemofsharedbeliefs valueseustomsbehaviorsandmaterialobjeotsthatthemembersofasoeietyuseto eopewiththeirworldandwithoneanother1.beeauseoflheetlinoeentrienreof eulhiremembersofonesoeietyeasilytendtoadaptanothereulturetotheirown eithereonseiouslyoruneonseiously.theyusuallyregardtheirowneultureastheself andanyforeignoneastheother. theselfofeveryeulturemeansitspersonalityoridentity.theotherorthe eulturalothemessreferstothepersonalitiesoridentitiesofothereultureswhiehare definitelydirentfromthatoftheselfthoughtovaryingdegreeindifferenteases. culturalrootedness15oneofthebasieaspectsofallhumanbeings. consequentlytheissueofeulturalothemessarisesinanyeulturerelated undertakingineludingtranslationwhieh15tosomedeemorebieull eommunieationthaninterlingualtransformation. thisthesisfirstexaminestherelationbetweeneultureandtranslation.by inirodueingtheeurrentsituationinthetranslationstudlesinthewst(espeeiallyin theu.s.)anddifferenttranslationstrategiesthregardtoeulturalothemessand reviengtheeulturalfunetionsoftranslationinchinathewriterattemptsto batesdanielg.uullluuilllvi diverselinguistieandculturalmaterials.meaning15apluralandeoniingentrelation notanunehangingunifiedesseneeandthereforeatranslationeannotbejudged aeeordingtomathematiesbasedeoneeptsofsemantieequivaleneeoronetoone eorrespondenee. regardingwhattodowithtranslationfriedriehsehleiermaeheragerman theologianandphilosopherofferedananswerinan1813leetureonthedifferent methodsoftranslationthatthereareonlytwo.eitherthetranslatorleavestheauthor :_1_:ll_1_1_:_1_:1_3 illpuasinu115puiuiuliavlli;iu;rlllp;ailiu115pu55ldi sehleiermaeheradmittedthattranslationeouldneverbeeompletelyadequateto theforeigntext.butthetranslatoreanehoosebetweenadomesticatingmethodan ethnoeeniriereduetionoftheforeigntexttothetargetlanguageeulturalvaluesanda foreignizingmethodanethnodeviantpressureonthosevaluestoregisterthe venutilawrenee(1995):the7nslatorinvisibillondon:routledgep.17 ibid.p.17. jrequotedfromlefevereandre(1992):nslatioto)/cltu:asourcebooklondonandnewyork: routledgep.5. 23linguistieandeulturaldiffereneeoftheforeigntext.ratherthanleavingthereaderin peaceasmuehaspossibleandmovingtheanthortowardshimthusnaturalizing what15foreignthetranslatorshouldinschleiermacher5opinionleavetheauthor inpeaeeasmuehaspossibleandmovethereadertowardshim. atranslationshouldthereforesoundforeignenoughtoitsreadertodiseemthe workingsoftheoriginallanguage.inthiswayeulturalothemesseanbemanifestin thetranslatedtext. sehleiermaeherandseveralofhiseontemporariesprodueedtheirtranslationsnot forthemonolingualreaderwhohasnoaceesswhatsoevertotheoriginalbutrather fortheedueatedreaderwho15abletoreadtheoriginalandtranslationsidebyside andindoing50toappreeiatethediffereneeinthelinguistieexpressionsoftwo languages. translationthen15notjustaproeessthathappensinthetranslator5head. readersdeeidetoaeeeptorrejecttranslations.differenttypesofreaderwillrequire differenttypesoftranslation.ingoethe5words:ifyouwanttoinfluencethemasses asimpletranslation15alwaysbest.critiealtranslationsvyingwiththeoriginalreally _f_1_._1_j_j_1_2dlulusulllyiuruullvrsaliullslilirliuuulluulallluiilii1115iv5 foreignizingtranslationsignifiesthediffereneeoftheforeigntextyetonlyby disruptingtheculturalcodesthatprevailinthetargetlanguage.thistranslation methodmayehoosetotranslateaforeigntextexeludedbydomestieliteraryeanonor requotedrromlevereandre(1992):anslation1510/clture:source00londonandnewrk: routledgep.5. ibid . p . 7 24mayuseamarglnaldiscoursetotranslateit.laeneevenutlviewssuchklndof translationmethodasastrategieinierveniionintheeurrentseofvorld againstthehegemonieenglishlanguagenationsandtheunequalculal exehangesinwhiehtheyengagetheirglobalothers. venutiputsfopardthatforeignizingtranslationinenglisheanbeaformof resistanceagainstetlmoeentrismandracismnareissismandimperialismin theillterestsofdemoeiegeopolitiealrelations.hestatesthattoadvoeate foreizingtranslationinoppositiontotheallgloalnerieantradltionof domestieation15todevelopatheoryandpraetieeoftmslationthatresistsdominant targctlanguageeulturalvalues50asto51fythelinguistieandeuituxaldiffereneeof theforeigntext. likewiseforeignizingtranslationshouldalsobeutilizedmorebythechinese translatorsthanit15now.thetranslationhistoryofchina15eharacterizedbythe dominaneeofdomestieatingtranslationforquitealongperioddngwhiehdueto theelhnoeentrietraditionofthechineseandthehistoriealsituationthenthechinese eulturalvaluesprevailedovertheforeignoneseveninthetranslatingproeess.for exnplennfuintranslatingevolutionandethicsandotheresssmadefulluse ofdomestieatingtranslationaimingatreproducianaceeptabletettextamong thechineseintellectualsthen.linshuthoughnotatranslatorintherealsensegave fullplaytodomestieatingtranslationinhisdozensoftranslationworks.their influeneeworkstilltoday. nilaenee(1995):thenslatorinvisibilslondon:routledgep.20 25howevetchinahastorealizethatit15nottheeenieroftheworldatalleither geographieallyoreulturally.iteannotafibrdtoisolateitselffromtheoutsideworld andlingeronitsetlmoeentrienarcissism.thechinesepeopleshouldbeopento 15foreigntothemthoughthisdoesnotmeantoacceptanythingindiscriminately. aecordinglytranslationstudiesmustadaptitselftothesituationofthesoeietyand eonsequentlymoreimportaneeshouldbeattaehedtoforeignizingtranslation. writerreviewstheeultural foardsthatforeignizing leuiplnthefollowingseetionofthisehapter transmissionthroughtranslationinchinaand translationdeservesmoreattentionfortheverypurposeofculturaltransmission. 2.3translationandculturaltransmissioninchina 2.3.1culturaltransmissionthefunetionandaimoftranslation duringtheproeessoftranslationatargettext15produeedonthebasisofasouree text.thistargettextproduetionmaybeinitiatedinthesourceorinthetargeteulture. bothsoureeandtargettextsfulfilaspeeifiefunetionandplayaspeeifieroleintheir cehhttrespeetivelanguageeommunitiesandeultures.thesoureetext15produeedin soureeeulture50it15aproduetofthatcultureanditfunctionsinthateulture. targettexthastofunetioninanewculture. apartfromthetwoeulturesusuallybeingdifferentthefunetionsofthetextsmay bedifferentaswell.thefunetionofatextshouldbeseeninthesoeialcontextthat15 howatextinfiuencesthestruetureandfunetioningofasoeiety.forexampleasouree texteaneonsolidateorehallengetheexistingpowerstruetureinitssourceeulture. translationstoomayhavefarreaehingeffeetsinthetargeteulture.sueheffeets 26mayresultfromthepietteofthesourcepreseniedbytranslationsforthe taleteultle.howeanonegettoknowothereuliresandrealizeothereulesare different?onemaytheknowledgebywatchingoriginalfilmsorbyreading textsprodueedinthisculhebutallthisobviouslyrequiresknowledgeofthe languageofthiseule.theotherwayofgainingknowledgeofothereulires15 throughtranslations.thesetranslationsstandfortheoriginal.translationasaeulture transeendingprocess115thusaniortwayofeulturaltransmission. thehistoryofeulturaltransmissionisasancientastheeivilizationofhuman beings.slationhasbeenoneofthemajormediafornationsto eolrnunieatewithoneanother.tosomeexteniiteanbesaidthattheworldeultures havebeenformedthroughtranslation.slation15oneofthedrivingforeesfor soeialprogressandeulturaldevelopmeni.1akechinaforinstancetranslationhas playedanimpotroleintheeulturalboomsalongtheeourseofchinesehistory. asearlyastheshangdynastythereweresuchpeopleasinterpreterswhoacted asamediumforeonunurueationamongethnicgroupsinchina.thefaetthat thesueeessivereignsofadynastyappointedanoeialtobeinehargeoftranslation airsindieatesthattranslationwasanindispensableactinthepolitiealeircleand eulturalexehangesamongethegroupsatthattime. translationactivitiesatalargesealebeganwiththetranslatingofbuddhist seripturewhlehlastedmorethanonethousandyears.iteontributedtotheemergenee schaffilerchristinanowhevasgoingtowalkthroughthedoorand theywouldlookonlaarus. slation: 鶢 . . :lazarus. hitheireffertstoexplainandjustifytheseeretu.s.esofweonsand spareparttoiranwhiehshatteredtheentirefoundatlonofthe administration5fervenipublieeffertstotakeastrongstandagainstterrorism reaganandhisaideslastweekseemedoniytobeereetingatowerofbabel abusewitheonfiictingvoiees. slation: :. . b)literallranslation thismethodaimsatreproducingtheoriginalthoughtwithoutehangingthe linguistieformsofthesourcetextthusofferingaforeizedtranslationwhieh movesthereadertotheiter.ofeoursethetranslationcanoniybeforeignizedto suehadegreethatthetargettext15stillreadable.withthisrequisitiontheexpressionssenteneestructtesfiguresofspeeehinthesourcetextcanbekeptlnthetargettext. inthiswaythetranslationtransmitsnotonlythemengofthesourcetextbutaiso theeulturalinformationembodiediroughtheculespeeifieitems. it15obviousthatliteraltranslationeanrefiecttheforeignnessofthesouree eandeule.thereforeit15oneofthemajorforeingmethodsth1sean beeasilyseenfromthefollowingexalples. hitlerwasaredtotheethlhenhelaunchedtheseeondwbrldw. . theliteraltranslationoftheitalieizedexpssioncanbeputlniochlneseas which15bothfait1tothesourcetextandreproducesthe originalimagevividlhoweverifit15translatedastheeet ofthesoureelangusgewillbedefinitelylost. among50manywelldressedandeultoredpeopletheeountrygirifeltlikea houtofwater 棬 . herethefreetranslationoflikeahourofwatereanbedomestieatedas which15bynomeansasvividas.although thelatter15notanestablishedexpressioninchineseitmakessenseand15 aceeptableamongreadersofthetext. therearemanyenglishidiomsichareveeultteeeifie.althoughthey bestone15tokeeptheoriginalthecancanbetranslatedintochineseinseveralways image.forinstanee1twobirwithonestonebeputintochineseasfollows: 45 thefiveversionsintermsoftheimagereprodueedcanbeelassifiedintothe followinglhreetypes. a.totranslatetheoriginalimageliterally() b.totranslatetheoriglnalspeeifieimageintoanabstracteoncept() c.totranslatetheoriglnallmageintootherimagesofthetargetlanguage () noneofthefiveversions15incorrect.howevertypeboffersthemeajngofthe soureelanguagewiththeoriginalimagemissing.pecthghwithimagesfamiliar tothetargetlanguagereader15unfaithfulintermsoftheimage.peakeepsthe originalimagethroughliteraltranslationthusintrodueingtheforeignnesstothetarget languagereader. theeomparisonbeeenthetwotranslationversionsofthefollowlngenglish idiomsmayshowelearlythatthefirstoneineaehpairofversionswiththeoriginal agekeptinthetargettext15morenovelandinterestingthantheseeondone. drintheocean() getbloodfromtone() putallthecardsonthetable(仰) majestieasalion() beardthellon() painithelily() spendmoneylikewater() eatlikeahorse() shederoeodiletears() betterbetheheadofadogthanthetailofalion () asstubbomasamule() likeaeatonhotbrieks() killthegoosethatlaysthegoldeneggs () 46asthetreesotheit.() fishintheair() sleeplikea109() aratinahofe() nosmokewithoutfire(粻) thepotcallsthekettleblack.() laughonesheadoff() asnakinonesbosom()hirdsofafealer() asyoub50mustyoudrink.() c)extratextualg1088 thetranslatorusesoneoftheaboveentionedproceduresbuteonsidersit neeessarytooffersomeexplanationofthemeng : orplieationsofthecsi.aithe sametimeitdoesnotseemlegitimateoreonvenienttomix5explanationwiththe text.thedeeisionen15todistinguishthe91055bymarkingitassueh(footnote endnoteglossaryeolllnleniaryinbracketsinitaliesete.). thismethod15usedallthetimeinthetreatmentofallusionsquotationsorfolk institutlonstoofferdataaboutfamouspeopleandtoexplainpunswhichareusually tenneduntranslatable. thepossibilityandneeessityof5methodareshownoughthefollong exples. theceforinstslneewastobediseemedontheaftemoonunder notieeinthedisguiseoftheelubrevelorelub.walkingasitwasthenealled.(thomashardytessofthe.durbervilles) :衯( ). *:棬 裬.() falstaff:1amaspoorasjobmylordbutnot50patient.(w.shakespeare henryw) : (job):).thehairshominsgenewwaysdslowiybeyondthedreamsof cze.(scottfitsgedthegreatgatsby) 涷. .() asongotdnxnkenflagrantlyandmissedanengagementwithherwhereup paulamadecednbehaviorticdemande.(seottfitsgendtherichboy) . ; .() d)intratextualgloss this15thesameasthepreviouseasebutthetranslatorsfeeltheyeanorshould ineludetheir91055asaniniegralpartofthetextusually50astoavoiddistingthe reader5attefltion. forexmple thefivefootneblondeglaneedatthepeopleintheroomwhentheyfellinto sileneeallofsudden. (1.75) thismethodoffersavariationusuallyduetotheneedforsolvingamblguities whieh15alsooneofthemostuniversaltraltsoftranslation.thlsmethodeouldbe deseribedasthestrategyofexplieitnessandforeizingieheonsistsofmaking explieitsomethingthat15foreignandoulypartlyrevealedintheoriginaltext(