英语语法 虚拟语气.ppt

高三第二轮语法复习 虚 拟 语 气 (subjunctive mood) 虚拟语气的定义 虚拟语气表示说话人的 愿望、假设、猜想或建议， 而不表示客观存在的事实。 虚拟语气的考点 一 条件句中的虚拟语气的用法； 二宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法； 三表语从句(与同位语从句)中虚拟语气的用法； 四主语从句中虚拟语气的用法； 五虚拟语气在特殊句型中的应用； 六虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定； 虚拟时拟时 间间 if条件从句主 句 过过去 现现在 将来 一. 用在if条件状语从句中 had done would/should/could/ might +have done did( were) would/should/could/ might + v(原形) did were to do should do would/should/could/ might + v(原形) examples . . 表与现在事实相反： if i were you, i should study english. if she had money, she would buy that book now. 表与过去事实相反： if you had come yesterday, you would have met him. if i had been free, i would have helped him yesterday. 表与将来事实相反： if she should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting. if it were to rain this friday, we would not go hiking. 考题点击： 1. i am not free today. if i _today , i _ and visit some of my friends . a. am, will go b. were , would go c. shall be, would go d. be , must go 2. if my lawyer _ here last saturday, he _ me from free going . a. had been , should prevent b. had been, would have prevented c. were, would prevent d. were, would have prevented 3.if i were to see tom, what _ you _ me to tell him? a. are ,going to ask b. do , ask c. would , ask d. did, ask 注意: 条件句中虚拟语气的特殊情况 what would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? a bob had walked farther b if bob should walk farther c had bob walked farther d if bob walked farther if you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. a asked , would know b had asked , would have known c asked him , know d had asked , would know c d 1) 虚拟倒装句 (had, should, were +sb) 2)错综条件句 (符合“各归各”原则) without your help, i _ the exam last term. a. would have past b. wouldnt pass c. would have failed d. failed in he was very busy yesterday； otherwise, he _to the party. a. would have come b. would come c. came d. had come c a 3）含蓄条件句 (with, without, but for, or, otherwise, but等) 二：虚拟语气在宾语从句 中的运用： 1.wish 后的 从句 现在： 过去： 将来： 过去（did/were） 过去完成时(had done) would/could/might+v. should 1.i wish i were a bird.（现在） 2.i wish i hadnt made such a mistake.（过去 ） 3.we wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （将来 ） 1.i wish i _ his courage. a.have b.had c.will have d.should have 2. i wish i _ your advice yesterday. a.took b.have taken c.could taken d.had taken 3. i wish i _ him at once. a.can find b.will find c.could find d.could have found b d c 2. 在动词 suggest, order, demand, request, desire, insist, require, decide, determine, advise, recommend等词后后需用 （should） +v（原形） 虚拟语气结构。 一坚持(insist), 二命令(order,command), 三建议(suggest,propose,advise), 四要求(ask, require,request,demand) 考题点击： 1.the teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. a. finished b. be finished c. should finish d. finish 2. - what did the doctor say about your mothers illness? -he suggested that she _ an operation at once. a. must have b. had c. have d. had had b c 3. janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and we suggested that she _ a medical examination. a.be；should have b.was；have c.should be；had d. was, has b 4.the young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. a. did; set b. had done; should be set c. do; be set d. had done; must be set b 记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不 同的语气 insist 表示 “建议某人做事”“坚决要求”时 ， 用虚拟形式，即 (should )+ do; insist 表示“坚称，坚持说” 坚持己见时，用陈 述语气，表示事实。 suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式(should) +do。 suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。 3. would rather (that) 现在： 过去： i would rather you paid me now. 过去时 did 过去完成时 had done (i would rather you came here tomorrow.) i would rather you had helped him yesterday. 考题点击 1.i would rather you_ with alice about that matter. a.didnt argue b. shouldnt argue b.c.dont argue d.wouldnt have argued 2.she would rather _ there tomorrow. a goes b went c go d had gone c a 三：表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice ，request等词后面的表语从句、同位语从句要用 虚拟语气，即（should）+v(原形） a. my suggestion is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. b. i make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 四：虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用 基本句型： a.it is desired/suggested/ proposed/ required/demanded/+ +that + (should) do a.b.it is important/necessary/natural/strange + that+(shold) do b.c.it is a pity+that +(should) do 考题点击： 1. is it necessary that he _ the examination? a. takes b. has to take c. must take d. take 2. it is strange that he _ you this. a. would tell b. should tell c. had told d. has told 3.it is required that you _ at six oclock. a.will arrive. b.arrive. c.arrived d.would arrive d b b 五、虚拟语气在其它特殊句型中的使用 1. 用在if only（要是就好了）句型中 if only 现在： 过去： 过去时 (did) 过去完成时 (had done) if only i were a bird! if only i had taken your advice! 2.虚拟语气在 在 as if /though从句中 as if /though + 现在： 过去： 过去时did 过去完成时had done she loves the baby as if it were her own son. he speaks english so fluently as if he had studied english in america. 考题点击 1.when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. a. breaks b. has broken c. were broken d. had been broken c 2.he smiled as if he _ my thoughts. a.read b.was reading c.had read d.has read c 3.虚拟语气用在it is (about/high) time that句型中 it is (about/high) time that 过去式 (did) should +v(原型) (不可省) it is time that the children went to bed. it is high time that the children should go to bed. 注意区别: its (high/about)time+that +did/should + v（原型 ） it is the first/secondtime that+have /has done it was the first /second time that+had done b e.g. this is the first time i_here. a.was b.have been c.came. d.am coming 虚拟语气的简单归纳 2、其它情况常用两种形式： 表示与现在事实相反: 用过去式； 表示与过去事实相反: 用过去完成式; 1、表示说话人的要求、建议、命令时， 常用(should) do表示虚拟形式, 主要用于名词性从句中。 六、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定 1. i would have helped you, but i_really occupied the whole week. a am b had been c were d was 2. if their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent. a would increase b had increased c will increase d would have increased 3.it looks as if it _. youd better take an umbrella. a was going to rain b would rain c is going to rain d were going to rain d c c 虚拟语气 alan _ the party if he had gone to london. a. would have missed b. had missed c. would miss d. missed 2. we could have had a picnic, but it _ all day a. had rained b. would have rained c. is raining d. rained exercises a d 虚拟语气 3. if only i _ to my parents! (but i didnt.) a. listened b. had listened c. should listen d. would listen 4. tom suggested that ann _ the house. a. sell b. sold c. shall sell d. would sell 5. i wish you _ such a bad headache because i am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert. a. hadnt b. hadnt had c. didnt have d. hadnt have b a b 虚拟语气 6. if i _ harder at school, i _ in a comfortable office