试井设备介绍英文课件PPT introduction_of_well_testing_technique.ppt

1 1/51/51 introduction of introduction of well testing techniqueswell testing techniques * * 2 2/51/51 contentscontents uudefinition, purposes and tasks of well testdefinition, purposes and tasks of well test uudevelopment phases of well testdevelopment phases of well test uumain operations of well testmain operations of well test uutechnique of formation testtechnique of formation test uutechnique of surface well testtechnique of surface well test uupreventing formation damage during testingpreventing formation damage during testing 3 3/51/51 definition, purposes and tasks of well testdefinition, purposes and tasks of well test well test is a technologic process performed for those well test is a technologic process performed for those possible hydrocarbon or water zones. in this process, possible hydrocarbon or water zones. in this process, using a set of special equipments and tools to reduce using a set of special equipments and tools to reduce the pressure of fluid column in the well, inducing the pressure of fluid column in the well, inducing formation fluids to flow into the well hole and finally formation fluids to flow into the well hole and finally obtaining the data of productivity, pressure, obtaining the data of productivity, pressure, temperature, fluids properties, and other formation temperature, fluids properties, and other formation parameters. parameters. uudefinitiondefinition 4 4/51/51 1)1) to prove whether the new area and structure have to prove whether the new area and structure have commercial oil and mercial oil and gas. 2)2) to determine the level of oil-bearing and gas-bearing, to determine the level of oil-bearing and gas-bearing, oil/gas/water boundaries, production capacity and drive oil/gas/water boundaries, production capacity and drive mechanism in a reservoir.mechanism in a reservoir. 3)3) to verify the reliability of logging interpretation. to verify the reliability of logging interpretation. 4)4) to obtain data of fluids properties and reservoir physical to obtain data of fluids properties and reservoir physical properties, determine reasonable production program, properties, determine reasonable production program, supply a basis to reserves calculation and development supply a basis to reserves calculation and development planning.planning. definition, purposes and tasks of well testdefinition, purposes and tasks of well test uupurposes and tasks of well testpurposes and tasks of well test 5 5/51/51 first phasefirst phase represented by represented by conventional well testing techniqueconventional well testing technique, featuring , featuring with wireline conveyed perforating(with wireline conveyed perforating(电缆射孔电缆射孔) and swabbing) and swabbing（抽汲（抽汲 ）. . second phasesecond phase represented by represented by formation tester techniqueformation tester technique, featuring with dst , featuring with dst using mfe, hst, apr, pct testers.using mfe, hst, apr, pct testers. third phasethird phase represented by represented by combining formation tester technique and other combining formation tester technique and other techniquestechniques, featuring with performing several operation by one , featuring with performing several operation by one trip of pipe string, such as dst+tcp, dst+tcp+sro (surface trip of pipe string, such as dst+tcp, dst+tcp+sro (surface read out), dst+swt (surface well test), and dst+tcp+ep read out), dst+swt (surface well test), and dst+tcp+ep (ejector pumping) etc.(ejector pumping) etc. development phases of well testdevelopment phases of well test 6 6/51/51 uuwiper tripping wiper tripping find bottomfind bottom( (通井、探井底通井、探井底) ) uuwell flushing well flushing ( (洗井洗井) ) uupressure testing pressure testing ( (试压试压) ) uuperforating perforating ( (射孔射孔) ) uuformation fluids inducing formation fluids inducing ( (诱导地层流体诱导地层流体) ) uuproductivity measuring productivity measuring ( (求产求产) ) uuformation pressure measuring formation pressure measuring ( (测压测压) ) uuwell killingwell killing ( (压井压井) ) uulayer plugging and well abandon layer plugging and well abandon ( (封层和封井封层和封井) ) main operations of well testmain operations of well test 7 7/51/51 l l running wiper tool into well hole to running wiper tool into well hole to 1)1) wipe and clean out wipe and clean out solid materials adhering on casing wall, solid materials adhering on casing wall, 2)2) check through check through diameter, deformation and breakage of casing, diameter, deformation and breakage of casing, 3)3) check check whether the artificial well bottom meets the needs of well whether the artificial well bottom meets the needs of well test or not, and test or not, and 4)4) adjust the properties of kill fluid to adjust the properties of kill fluid to meet the need of perforation.meet the need of perforation. wiper tripping oil and wax adhering on casing wall; 2)2) adjust the properties of kill fluid to meet the need of adjust the properties of kill fluid to meet the need of perforation, and prevent dirty fluids inject into formation perforation, and prevent dirty fluids inject into formation while formation is perforated.while formation is perforated. well flushing (well flushing (洗井洗井) ) 9 9/51/51 for different purposes, there are direct flushing for different purposes, there are direct flushing ( (正洗井正洗井) ) and back flushing and back flushing ( (反洗井反洗井) ) two ways of well flushing. two ways of well flushing. tubingtubing casingcasing tubingtubing casingcasing direct flushingdirect flushingback flushingback flushing well flushing (well flushing (洗井洗井) ) 1010/51/51 pressure testing (pressure testing (试压试压) ) l l using pump unit to make well hole and wellhead to using pump unit to make well hole and wellhead to bear a certain pressure to bear a certain pressure to 1) 1) check quality of cement job check quality of cement job 2)2) check seal ability of casing and wellhead check seal ability of casing and wellhead 1111/51/51 l l shooting the casing with explosives to form holes which shooting the casing with explosives to form holes which communicate formation and well hole and make fluids communicate formation and well hole and make fluids flowing path.flowing path. operating ways of perforating are classified as wcp operating ways of perforating are classified as wcp (wireline conveyed perforating) and tcp (tubing (wireline conveyed perforating) and tcp (tubing conveyed perforating).conveyed perforating). perforating (perforating (射孔射孔) ) 1212/51/51 tcptcp tubingtubing casingcasing fire headfire head perforating gunperforating gun perforating-tcpperforating-tcp 1313/51/51 l l it is a process to drop height of fluid column and decrease it is a process to drop height of fluid column and decrease fluid density in the well, make fluid column pressure less fluid density in the well, make fluid column pressure less than formation pressure and then, cause formation fluids than formation pressure and then, cause formation fluids to flow into well hole or even blow out surface.to flow into well hole or even blow out surface. general ways of inducing have general ways of inducing have displacement (displacement (替喷替喷) ), , swabbing (swabbing (抽汲抽汲) ), , bailing out (bailing out (提捞提捞) ), , gas lifting (gas lifting (气举气举) ), and , and water-gas mixture lifting (water-gas mixture lifting (混气水气举混气水气举) ). . formation fluids inducing formation fluids inducing ( (诱导地层流体诱导地层流体) ) 1414/51/51 l l it is a process to measure productivity of oil, gas and it is a process to measure productivity of oil, gas and water under a certain producing pressure drop by using water under a certain producing pressure drop by using a set of equipment and tools.a set of equipment and tools. producing pressure drop is controlled by routine of producing pressure drop is controlled by routine of productivity measuring work (productivity measuring work (求产工作制度求产工作制度).). routine of swabbing can be described as swab running routine of swabbing can be described as swab running times per day, swabbing depth, depth of producing fluid times per day, swabbing depth, depth of producing fluid level.level. routine of a gusher (routine of a gusher (自喷井自喷井) can be described as choke ) can be described as choke size, tubing head pressure and surface casing pressure.size, tubing head pressure and surface casing pressure. productivity measuring (productivity measuring (求产求产) ) 1515/51/51 l l using downhole pressure gauge to measure and record using downhole pressure gauge to measure and record formation pressures and formation temperature .formation pressures and formation temperature . formation pressure measuring (formation pressure measuring (测压测压 ) ) l l using downhole pressure gauge to measure and record using downhole pressure gauge to measure and record formation pressures and formation temperature .formation pressures and formation temperature . formation pressure measuring (formation pressure measuring (测压测压 ) ) 1616/51/51 l l using killing fluid to make formation pressure balanced or using killing fluid to make formation pressure balanced or overbalanced by pressure of fluid column in the well hole overbalanced by pressure of fluid column in the well hole so as to ensure down-hole operations safely.so as to ensure down-hole operations safely. well killing (well killing (压井压井) ) 1717/51/51 l l layer plugging means sealing or isolating a test layer layer plugging means sealing or isolating a test layer temporarily or permanently to ensure that no interference temporarily or permanently to ensure that no interference in other testing layers which will be performed. in other testing layers which will be performed. general layer plugging ways: general layer plugging ways: sand filling sand filling ( (填砂填砂), ), cement cement plugging plugging ( (注水泥塞注水泥塞), and ), and bridge plugging bridge plugging ( (桥塞桥塞).). l l well abandon means plugging a no commercial production well abandon means plugging a no commercial production well permanently. generally, use two cement plugs to well permanently. generally, use two cement plugs to abandon a well.abandon a well. layer plugging and well abandonlayer plugging and well abandon ( (封层和封井封层和封井) ) 1818/51/51 technique of formation testtechnique of formation test there are dst (drill stem test ) and wft (wireline formation there are dst (drill stem test ) and wft (wireline formation test) two types of formation test operation. normally, the test) two types of formation test operation. normally, the words used in the field, dst is belonged to well test words used in the field, dst is belonged to well test operation services, wft is belonged to logging operation operation services, wft is belonged to logging operation services.services. 1919/51/51 technique of formation test technique of formation test -dst-dst l l key tools of dst include tester (valve), packer, key tools of dst include tester (valve), packer, pressure gauge. use drill string or tubing string pressure gauge. use drill string or tubing string to run dst tools into the well. first, setting to run dst tools into the well. first, setting packer to isolate testing layer from kill fluid packer to isolate testing layer from kill fluid and other permeable layers, then the valve is and other permeable layers, then the valve is opened and closed several times, the formation opened and closed several times, the formation fluids pressure build-up and drop-off are fluids pressure build-up and drop-off are continuously recorded on a chart of pressure continuously recorded on a chart of pressure versus time. versus time. uu the principle of dst operating the principle of dst operating 2020/51/51 tubing upper gauge lower gauge tester packer cushion mud formation fluids technique of formation test technique of formation test -dst-dst 2121/51/51 controlled by raising and lowering pipestringcontrolled by raising and lowering pipestring l l mfemfe (multi flow evaluator), johnston company (multi flow evaluator), johnston company l l hsthst (hydraulic spring tester), halliburton company (hydraulic spring tester), halliburton company controlled by annulus pressurecontrolled by annulus pressure l l pctpct (pressure controlled tester), johnston company (pressure controlled tester), johnston company l l aprapr (annulus pressure responsive), halliburton company (annulus pressure responsive), halliburton company uu commonly used test valves commonly used test valves technique of formation test technique of formation test -dst-dst 2222/51/51 n n for open-holes and cased-holes, there are single-packer dst for open-holes and cased-holes, there are single-packer dst and straddle dst two commonly used operating ways.and straddle dst two commonly used operating ways. single-packer dst single-packer dst ( (单封隔器测试单封隔器测试) ) l l it is applicable for a single testing layer or multi-layer it is applicable for a single testing layer or multi-layer combined bined testing. straddle dststraddle dst( (跨隔测试跨隔测试) ) l l it is applicable for a testing layer need to isolate from other it is applicable for a testing layer need to isolate from other underlaid open layers by using two packers.underlaid open layers by using two packers. uu commonly used operating ways of dts commonly used operating ways of dts technique of formation test technique of formation test -dst-dst 2323/51/51 tubing upper gauge lower gauge tester packer cushion mud single-packer dst commonly used operating ways of dtscommonly used operating ways of dts tubing upper gauge lower gauge tester packer cushion mud packer straddle dst 2424/51/51 sawz-2井测试管柱 接杆器 反循环阀 压力计托筒 mfe 液压锁紧 伸缩节 导压旁通 筛管 油管 定位短节 压力计托筒 钻铤3根 钻铤2根 震击器 vr接头 rtts封隔器 点火头 射孔枪 2357.34m 2361.50m anguille64层 钻铤5根 油管128根 压力起爆装置 2525/51/51 uu the functions of different flow and shut-in periods the functions of different flow and shut-in periods initial flowinitial flow l l to release the higher pressure caused to release the higher pressure caused by overblance pressure of kill fluid by overblance pressure of kill fluid during drilling and induce formation during drilling and induce formation fluids to flow into the well. it takes 5-fluids to flow into the well. it takes 5- 20 minutes normally.20 minutes normally. initial shut-ininitial shut-in l l to buildup formation pressure after to buildup formation pressure after initial flow (a short term flowing, no initial flow (a short term flowing, no much producing energy lost) to ensure much producing energy lost) to ensure the final pressure measured at this the final pressure measured at this period approximate to initial formation period approximate to initial formation pressure.pressure. tubing upper gauge lower gauge tester packer cushion mud formation fluids initial flowinitial shut-in technique of formation test technique of formation test -dst-dst valve openingvalve openingvalve closingvalve closing 2626/51/51 technique of formation test technique of formation test -dstdst uu the functions of different flow and shut-in periods the functions of different flow and shut-in periods second flowsecond flow l l flowing enough time to ensure to flowing enough time to ensure to obtain the data of formation fluids obtain the data of formation fluids properties and perties and productivity. second shut-insecond shut-in l l recording buildup pressure in a relative recording buildup pressure in a relative long term to ensure that formation long term to ensure that formation parameters can be acquired by parameters can be acquired by pressure records interpretation.pressure records interpretation. tubing upper gauge lower gauge tester packer cushion mud formation fluids second flowsecond shut-in valve openingvalve openingvalve closingvalve closing 2727/51/51 a: initial pressure of kill fluid column b1-c1: initial flow a-b1: valve opening c1-d1: initial shut-in b2-c2: second flow c2-d2: second shut-in e: final pressure of kill fluid column technique of formation test technique of formation test -dst-dst d1-b2: valve opening 2828/51/51 sawz-2井ang.64层压力历史曲线 2929/51/51 technique of formation test technique of formation test -dstdst 3030/51/51 l l using pressure records, engineers can calculate following using pressure records, engineers can calculate following valuable formation parameters: k, s, dr, jo, fe, pi, d.valuable formation parameters: k, s, dr, jo, fe, pi, d. k k ( (有效渗透率有效渗透率) ), the effective permeability of formation, it is , the effective permeability of formation, it is represented for real flow capacity of formation fluids.represented for real flow capacity of formation fluids. s s ( (表皮系数表皮系数) ), the skin factor of formation adjacent well , the skin factor of formation adjacent well bore, it means the level of adjacent well bore formation bore, it means the level of adjacent well bore formation damage. more higher s, more deeper level of formation damage. more higher s, more deeper level of formation damage. s less than zero means no formation damage. damage. s less than zero means no formation damage. ps=0.87msps=0.87ms dr dr ( (堵塞比堵塞比)=(pi-pwf)/(pi-pwf- )=(pi-pwf)/(pi-pwf- ps)ps), the damage ratio, , the damage ratio, ratio of actual producing pressure drop to theoretic ratio of actual producing pressure drop to theoretic producing pressure drop. more higher dr, more deeper producing pressure drop. more higher dr, more deeper level of formation damage. level of formation damage. uu pressure records interpretation pressure records interpretation technique of formation test technique of formation test -dst-dst 3131/51/51 jo jo ( (采油指数采油指数)=q/)=q/p p, the productivity index, the value of , the productivity index, the value of ratio of actual productivity to actual producing pressure ratio of actual productivity to actual producing pressure drop. drop. fe fe ( (流动效率流动效率)=(pi-pwf- )=(pi-pwf- ps)/(pi-pwf)ps)/(pi-pwf), the fl