The Differences between Chinese and Western Dietary Cultures1.doc

本科毕业设计（论文）中西餐食文化之间的差异the differences between chinese and western dietary cultures中西餐饮文化之间的差异摘 要饮食是人类生活、生存与发展的必需，可是由于中西方文化传统的差异，导致了中西方饮食文化在观念、对象、方式、归属与性质方面产生了差异，研究这些差异，找出可以融会贯通的地方，促进中西文化交流。餐饮产品由于地域特征、气候环境、风俗习惯等因素的影响，会出现在原料、口味、烹调方法、饮食习惯上的不同程度的差异。餐饮产品具有了强烈的地域性。中西文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文化的差异，而这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。中国人注重“天人合一”，西方人注重“以人为本”。通过对中西饮食文化差异的分析，我们可以了解中西方各自的文化传统；同时能对中国文化进行吸收与改进。关键词：饮食文化;文化传统;差异- i -中西餐饮文化之间的差异the differences between chinese and western dietary culturesabstract diet is absolutely necessary in the life of mankind, and even in the existence or development. because of the differences between chinese and western cultural traditions, the chinese and western dietary cultures are different in concept, target, pattern, attribution and nature. we study these differences and then find out the points that can be digested, in order to facilitate the communication about cultures between china and the west. because of geographical features, climate environment, customs and other factors effect, food products will appear in the raw materials, flavors, cooking methods, eating habits at different degrees of difference. food products have a strong regional. cultural differences between chinese and western dietary culture creates differences, but these differences from the west have different approaches and philosophy of life. chinese people focus on man and nature, westerners focus on people first. by the analysis of the differences between chinese and western dietary cultures, we can comprehend the respective cultural traditions of china and the west. and we can also absorb and improve the culture of china.key words：dietary culture; cultural tradition; differences目 录摘 要iabstractiichapter 1 introduction1chapter 2 literature review2chapter 3 differences43.1 differences in concepts43.2 differences in targets63.3 differences in dietary patterns83.4 differences in the nature9chapter 4 conclusion124.1 major finding124.2 implication134.3 limitation134.4 recommendations for future research13acknowledgements15references15- iii -中西餐饮文化之间的差异chapter 1 introductionthe old saying，“eat, drink, man, woman who wishes greatly”.6 for such a standard fair, western culture (in particular, modern american culture) can be said to be male and female culture. but the chinese culture can be said to be a dietary culture. as the reason of the cultural traditions, the western lives tend to men and women, but because of the narrow gender relations, chinese people are dumping guidance on life in dietary. thus the diet is rich in culture. food culture in the west is not developed enough, but this underdevelopment itself is the result of the development of a culture, so it is still significant to study the dietary cultures of chinese and western diet. dietary culture is not just eating. it is including the whole culture of itself, and contains human creation in dietary behavior and results. every involves the idea of human diet, consciousness, ideas, philosophy, religion, art and so on in the dietary culture of the scope. diet ideas, diet customs, select the type of dishes, cooking methods, table manners, are included in profound dietary culture. the diet of the world, as a result of the geographical, customs, property and other differences, form a different style.as the process of global integration is becoming faster and faster, the cultural exchange is increasing. the countries culture year, culture month and cultural week is growing. at present, chinese and western cultural exchanges have become closer more and more, and the cultural difference in food is a wider context. dietary culture covers every aspect in life, whatever it is eating style, eating habits, diet content, table manners, it is always having a clear-cut difference between chinese and the western. to understand the dietary cultural differences between chinese and western better, so researching the differences between chinese and western dietary culture is very important.chapter 2 literature reviewthere is a saying that food is eating well-deserved for human life” 7, so food is an indispensable condition for the survival and development of human beings. chinese people focus on man and nature, westerners focus on people first.11such phenomenon affects the cultural trend. diet is actually the contents of our daily lives, it has special status in the chinese culture, and also has a great distinction between china and the west. chinas diet has a history almost as long as that of chinese civilization. but in western countries, with the opposite, they recognized and interpreted the world in the perspective of the lust or love of men and women more. whether the awareness of original sin of christianity, adam and eve legend, or ancient greek philosophy,1 all these ideas become the basis of western philosophers cultural thoughts. all these had potential effects on the development of western culture and westerners characters. because of geographical features, climate environment, customs and other factors effect, and chinese and western focus on difference, so receiving the influence of respective cultural tradition, the chinese and western dietary culture has had different characteristic. the differences in concepts, targets, patterns and nature had reflected the different dietary culture in the different state characteristic; so characteristic has enriched the research value of dietary culture. studying these cultural differences, we can find out a joint enhancing the communication between china and the west. it may be a great help to the communication of the chinese and western cultures. chinas reform and opening up policy also plays an important role, it creates the conditions on international relations and cultural exchanges. to use such an opportunity to absorb the excellent cultures from other countries, and develop and create chinas new culture, and this work may make the world to know china better and let china go to the world. of course, there are many limitations to tell the differences between chinese and western dietary culture, here a brief talk from the following four differences between chinese and western dietary culture.chapter 3 differences3.1 differences in conceptschinese and western diet has the differences which cannot be ignored in concepts. nobody will deny that the western diet is a rational concept, regardless of the color of food, incense, flavor and shape, but nutrition must be assured. it cares about the intake of calories, vitamins, protein and so on during a day. comparing with the chinese diet, western diet tastes stereotyped, as simple as chewing the candle, but the sense tells them: we must eat them all because of the nutrition. and then they put it bluntly, just like refueling machine. the concept of western diet is compatible with the whole western philosophy. metaphysics is the main feature of western philosophy. such kind of philosophy brings vitality to western culture, so the natural sciences, psychology and methodology achieve a rapid development. in some other aspects, such philosophy proposition is a significantly obstacle, such as the dietary culture, which is the inevitable thing to drop behind, and just the metaphysics of methodology marks everywhere. in celebration, it stresses tableware, stresses the staple, stresses the servings, and stresses the color and shape mix of raw materials. but no matter how luxurious the grade is; from los angeles to new york, only one taste of steak, it is no art to speak of. and as dishes, the chicken is chicken; steak is steak, even in groups, which are also conducted in a shallow dish. in a dish of french muttonchops, 4 one side is potato mud, and muttonchops sits next to it, another side is allocation of cooking beans, and plus a few tablets of tomato. color is on clear, but the tastes of the various materials are separated, not to reconcile, and the entire flavor is also simple and clear. chinese diet is a sense of beauty diet. when people sample dishes, they often say this dish is delicious, and that dish is not delicious. but if you ask what is meant by delicious, why tasty and what are the aspects of delicious, i am afraid that it will be difficult to answer. this shows that which chinese people hanker on a diet is just the “mood” that is difficult for one to say anything. even using the color, flavor, shape and implement which people often said to make the realm reification, i am afraid it is still difficult to crown all. the beauty pursuit of chinese cuisine is clearly overriding the rational pursuit. this concept of diet is also coinciding with the traditional chinese philosophy. chinese philosophy as a representative of oriental philosophy, its distinguishing features is the macro, visual, vague and evasive. chinese cooking method is to reconcile, and the ultimate goal is to reconcile out of a beautiful taste. the main stress is measure and the overall co-ordination. it contains a wealth of dialectics of chinese philosophy, and all these depend on the degree of the wonderful flavor and harmony of dish. the ever-changing within degrees decides the changeable of chinese food, and it also decides the characteristics of chinese food as well as the characteristics on each of the chefs.for example, one time hosts the banquet in the chinese restaurant, on the hotel vegetable very slowly, unconscious has passed for nearly two hours, but the vegetable has as if only then gotten up half. is first time attends the chinese meal banquet a woman, cannot bear asked a chinese people, your chinese treats on these many vegetables? the man said that must be many in china, usually is above 10. she was very surprised, including said that chinas banquet too has been really rich, chinas good food is very no wonder famous. but after a while, she also asked him, has a phenomenon to be very strange: the chinese eats meal each time on that many vegetables, can be why long so thinly. france enters the vegetable to be very each time few, but is why fatter than the chinese? he is at a loss for words for a while, thinks that spoke an own idea with her: china is a hospitable nationality, only then on a table vegetable had only thought that has not neglected the visitor. sometimes moreover the chinese pays great attention the form, therefore in chinas cooking, the vegetable style is ever changing, makes concrete is fastidious about the color fragrance to each vegetable matching. but european as if some, are inferior to china obviously actually in the vegetable variety change high and low free time, what but is fastidious is its nutrition matching and the protection. this is, the western diet idea important difference, also reflected the western cultures property standard difference.3.2 differences in targetsall diet cannot be done without vegetables. the word dish is for the sound in china, and it always has something to do with the plants. according to a survey of western plants scholar, there are 600 varieties of vegetables, six times more than in the west. 5 in fact, the chinese dishes-vegetable dish is usual food. meat dish entered the normal diet only on holidays or higher living standards, so since ancient times, and there was a saying of fresh vegetables. mandarin language: common people eat fresh vegetables, fish only offered in the worship. 3it is said that fresh vegetables are mainly to the civilian in general, only being able to eat meat only in worship. vegetarian diet takes the dominant position in the normal structure. chinese people consider the vegetables as the main dish; it has inextricably linked with the advocacy of buddhists. they deem animals as people and plants have no soul. so, they advocate vegetarianism.westerners do not seem to have such a good habit. they uphold a cultural origin of nomadic, seafaring nation. living mainly by fishing and hunting, collection and planting are just the complement. there are more meat dishes in their lives. feeding, clothing, and using are taken from the animals, and even western medicine is derived from animals. when the westerners introduce the diet characteristics of their countries, they always feel that their diet is more reasonable on the mix of nutrition than china. the food industry is more developed, such as cans, fast food, although the taste is monotonous, but it saves time, and it also has good nutrition. therefore, in their countries, people are generally healthier and taller than chinese people, and the people have strong shoulders and developed muscles; but chinese people look short, their shoulders narrow and legs thin, their skin yellow and their body weak. the differences between chinese and western food for westerners to judge the merits of the two diet is not justified. mr. sun yat-sen had profound study of the culture of food and incisive exposition. in his composing the scheme for national reconstruction, detailing the differences between chinese and western diet phenomenon, he concludes: chinese ordinary people drink green tea, and eat simple food such as vegetables and tofu for meal. such kinds of food are the most healthy and beneficial according to the research of hygienist. therefore, the remote people in china, whose diet are far from meat and wine, always live a long life. also china is a big population country, and chinese people have enormous power to resist disease, but they never try the non-diet. “he added: the chinese vegetarians all eat tofu. tofu is expected as the real meat in plants, as it has the nutrition that meat has. it is the meat without toxic materials. so the chinese are vegetarian used to be a custom without the promotion of scholars. it is also a custom that the european and american drink thick wine, eat meat and fish. so there was science promotion before and a severe law later, such as the united states prohibition. and the transfer will not carry out in a short time. mr. suns words tell out the scientific benefits of chinese diet and disadvantages of western diet. according to the characteristics of the significant differences between chinese and western diet targets, the chinese character is called the plant character, while the westerners is animal character. in response to the cultural behaviors, westerners love adventure, exploration, conflict; but the chinese people only like to live banally. according to american expert on folklore ruths opinions on the cultural pattern theory, chinese culture is quite similar to the classical world apollo-type character and westerners is similar to the modern world faust-type. indeed, the westerners such as americans in the development of the west, they put the whole family on the truck, and go out of the city in amid rumbling with the supplies. the chinese people are always thinking about home and roots, despite the promotion that young people should take the world as home. but after a few decades, the overseas chinese will come back to the mainland with crutch to seek their roots. this concept of return and such human spirit that can only be said to cooperate with the accumulation in the diet. then it brings cohesiveness to the chinese nation and then makes the human folk full of energy.3.3 differences in dietary patternsthe chinese and western dietary patterns are very different, and these differences affect the national character. in china, a celebration, no matter what, there will be only one form, as sitting together, sharing one feast.8 banquet uses round table, which has created a unity of form, which is courtesy, comity atmosphere. main course are in the center of the table. it is the objects for people to appreciate and taste, and it is also an intermediate of communication. people toast each other and share the vegetables, which reflect the mutual respect between people who face the good things, also show the virtues of comity. although from the health point of view, this approach has obvious deficiencies, but it is in our national happy mentality, it reflects the classical chinese philosophy area of and impact for future generations. it is helpful to facilitate the collective emotional exchanges and consequently difficult to change .the western-style banquets, although the food and wine are very important, but in fact they are just foil. the core of banquet is friendship, by the conversation with the guests who sitting next to achieve the purpose of recreation. if making an analogous compare between the recreation of the banquets and dancing, it may be said that the chinese banquet is like group dance, and the western banquet is like men and women dancing. this shows that communication purpose of chinese banquet and western banquet are very obvious. only the chinese banquet is more popular in the communion, but western banquet shows guests reflected in the friendship between neighbors. the more obvious differences between chinese and western dietary patterns is buffet dinner which is popular in the west. this method is to display all food, and everybody is picking not fixed in his or her places to eat. they walk freely. this approach would provide the emotional interaction between individuals; they never need to put every word on the table. this also shows a western personality and self-respect. 2 the table etiquette is formed a long time by the western people. a famous chef in the principles of cooking gives us some advises such as: we should not smoke until the end of meal; when we are talking, we should avoid loud talk and laugh; from the left side of the chair seat and so on. 9 under such circumstances, it is clear that the use of buffet dinner will deny chinese culinary arts. the chinese people are drinking aro