完善工程监理制度提高综合管理水平分析与探讨 中英文对照.doc

关于完善工程监理制度提高综合管理水平分析与探讨中英文对照about improve project supervision system improves the management level of the comprehensive analysis and discussion. in both chinese and english1997年中华人民共和国建筑法以法律的形式明确推行建设工程监理制度，国家的建设工程监理制度正式得到推行，对承包单位工程质量、进度、安全和资金使用等方面代表建设单位实施监督管理，对规范建设工程领域的操作，规划工程建设、控制工程质量、协调工程运作起到了不可估量的作用。1997 law of the peoples republic of china in the form of the law adopts the system of project construction supervision, construction engineering supervision system formally get of the implementation of the country, over the contractors engineering quality, progress, safety, and funds and so on are used to represent the construction unit responsible for the supervision and management, to the operation of the standard for construction engineering, planning and project construction, project quality control and coordinate the engineering operations played an inestimable role. 一、完善建设工程监理制度的意义the meaning of a, perfecting the system of project construction supervision 1、利于规范工程建设参与各方的建设行为1, to regulate the behavior of construction for the construction of the parties involved 在建设工程实施的过程中，工程监理单位可以适当建议性避免由于建设单位不了解建设工程相关的法律、法规、管理程序和市场行为准则造成的不当建设行为。工程监理单位还可以依据委托监理合同以及相关建设工程合同，在建设全过程约束建设单位的建设行为。采取事前防范，事中及时制止，事后批评、处罚和调整等措施最大限度的规范工程建设。有利于对工程材料的控制，机具设备的运用，技术方法操作的规范。in the process of construction project, the construction supervising units may be recommended to avoid appropriately due to the construction unit does not understand related laws, regulations, management procedures and market conduct construction caused by the improper behavior. the construction supervising units can also be based on the agency appointment contract for project and related contract for construction project, construction unit of the behavior in the whole construction process constraints. beforehand to prevent to take, things to stop in time, second-guessing, punishment and adjustment measures such as maximum standard engineering construction. conducive to the control of the engineering material, the use of machines and equipment, technique specifications of the operation. 2、有利于建设工程预定功能的实现并使工程质量达到标准2, is advantageous to the construction projects due to the realization of the function and the engineering quality up to standard 随着我国经济的发展，建设规模逐步加大，建设领域的矛盾也日益尖锐化，安全事故频发，个别地区形式十分严峻，在广大人民群众中造成了不良影响，给人们带来了巨大的财产损失甚至是危及生命。在建设过程中实行建设工程监理制度，有既懂技术又懂法律以及相关安全知识的专业监理人员的参与，可以及时发现并改正建设过程中出现的违章、违规行为，提高工程建设质量并使之达到标准，保证建设工程的顺利完成，保障了人民生命财产安全，最终有利于社会的稳定和发展。along with the development of our countrys economy, construction scale is gradually increasing, contradiction is increasingly violent, in the field of construction safety accident frequency, the form of individual regions is very serious, caused the bad influence in the people, give people brought huge damage to property or even life-threatening. shall practise a system of construction project supervision in construction process, there is know both technology and understand the law and safety knowledge related to the participation of professional supervision personnel, can be identified and corrected in time in the construction process of illegal, illegal behavior, improve the quality of construction and make it reach the standard, ensure smooth completion of the construction project, the peoples life and property security, in the end is conducive to social stability and development. 3、有利于提高建设工程安全生产管理水平3, to improve construction engineering safety production management level 建设工程监理单位对建设单位实行安全监理制，有利于防止和避免安全事故的发生，还可以通过建设工程监理单位的介入，充分发挥市场机制，改变政府被动的安全检查方式，共同形成安全生产监管合力，提高我国建设安全生产管理水平。construction the construction supervising units shall carry out the safety supervision of construction units, is beneficial to prevent and avoid the happening of safety accidents, can also through the involvement of construction project supervision unit, give full play to market mechanism, change the way the government passive safety inspection, together form the safe production supervision to improve the level of construction safety production management in our country. 二、我国建设监理制度存在的主要问题second, the main problems of the construction supervision system in china 1、对建设监理认识存在误区，监理独立性难以体现1, wrong understanding of construction supervision, supervision of independence is difficult to reflect 虽然建筑法、建设工程质量管理条例及建设工程监理规范等法律、法规文件中明确阐述了建设监理的概念、性质、工作内容，以及监理单位与建设单位、承包单位等之间的关系，但在对建设监理的认识方面，仍有不少建设单位和承包单位存在着误区。有的建设单位认为，委托监理公司进行工程监理只是迫于法规制度的规定，来履行手续和完善资料。还有一些建设单位和承包单位认为，委托监理就是找了一个质量责任承担者。“建设单位花钱雇监理”，权利是建设单位的，责任是监理单位的，如果出现质量问题，责任就是监理单位的。另外，监理由于与委托单位属甲、乙方关系，因此监理工程师在实际工作中很难以独立的第三方身份开展工作。特别是当委托方与施工单位关系密切时，监理常常成为摆设。而监理工程师的决策和指令也易受到其它部门和单位的干扰，致使监理工程师无法独立行使权利。although building law, construction engineering quality management regulation and standard of construction engineering supervision and other laws, regulations, file a clear definition of the concept of construction supervision is expounded, nature, working content, as well as the supervision unit and construction unit, contractor, etc. the relationship between, but in the understanding of construction supervision, there are still many construction units and contractors there is a myth. some construction unit that on supervision company for engineering supervision is just under the provisions of the laws and regulations, to fulfill the formalities and perfect information. and some construction units and contractors that is looking for a quality responsibility on supervision contract. supervision of the construction unit pay, the right is the construction unit, the responsibility is the supervision unit, if appear quality problem, the responsibility is the supervision unit. in addition, the supervision with the entrusted unit belongs to the relationship between party a and party b, so the supervision engineer in the practical work is very hard to independent third party identity work. especially when close to the clients and construction units, supervision often become a decoration. and supervision engineer of the decisions and instructions are also prone to interference by other departments and units, the supervision engineer is unable to independently exercise their rights. 2、监理人员的整体素质不高2, supervision personnels overall quality is not high 我国的建设监理事业发展到今天，凝聚了广大监理从业人员的心血。但总的来说，由于监理市场的不规范，阻碍了监理行业健康有序的发展。有些监理单位短期行为思想较严重，不愿意在人才的引进、培养、留用等方面投入资金和感情，致使监理人员的收入不高，自身事业发展无大的突破，造成优秀监理人才的严重流失。由于监理人员的整体素质与所承担的监理任务在很多方面的不相适应，造成工程项目的监理深度不够。加之工程建设中各方面因素的影响，在一定程度上制约了建设监理事业的发展。chinas construction supervision enterprise develops to today, condensed the general supervision of the employees. but in general, because of the supervision market is not standard, hindered the healthy and orderly development of supervision industry. some supervision enterprise short-term behavior is serious, dont want to in such aspects as talent introduction, training, retention money and feelings, the supervisory staffs income is not high, its no big breakthrough in career development, resulting in the loss of a serious of good supervision. due to the supervision of the whole quality of the staff and supervision of the does not adapt, in many ways cause the supervision of the project is deep enough. combined with the influence of the factors in engineering construction, to some extent, restricted the development of the cause of the construction supervision. 3、现场监理服务不到位three, site supervision service does not reach the designated position 由于监理费太低，监理公司拿到工程后，首先考虑的就是控制成本，而最主要控制成本的手段就是减少人工费用，这就意味着减少项目配备的监理人员，或者是雇用廉价、素质较低的监理人员，而在市场上随意招聘的人员，相当一部分人员都为无证上岗，或者缺少从业经验，人员招来后，很少进行岗前培训，直接送到工地现场，造成人员不到位或者人员素质差等现象的出现，致使监理职能不到位，服务质量降低；另一方面是监理公司无力添置监理设备，必要的设备仪器，依赖专业检测机构，日常所需检测仪器则依靠承建商。due to the supervision fee is too low, after obtaining engineering supervision company, consider above all is to control costs, and the main means of cost control is to reduce labor cost, that means that reduce project supervision personnel, or hire cheap and low quality of personnel, and recruit staff at will in the market, a significant number of personnel for unlicensed mount guard, or lack of experience, after the staff recruit, rarely pre-service training, delivered to the site directly, cause staff does not reach the designated position, or the emergence of phenomena such as difference of personnel quality, the supervision function does not reach the designated position, lower quality of service; supervision of supervision company is unable to acquire equipment on the other hand, the necessary equipment instrument, rely on professional testing organization, daily testing instrument depend on the contractor. 三、我国建设工程监理制度的完善措施three, the measures for perfecting the system of project construction supervision in our country 1、健全建设监理单位体制1, improve the system of construction supervision unit 健全建设监理单位体制应从加强对监理单位的监督管理方面着手。improve the system of construction supervision units should strengthen the supervision and management aspects of the supervision unit. (1)从准入等级方面着手。重点核实监理单位在相关主管部门登记的总监理工程师与专业监理工程师等执业注册人员与实际情况是否一致。(1) from the entry level aspects. key verification supervision units in the relevant departments in charge of registrations chief supervision engineer and professional supervision engineer and other professional registration staff with the actual situation. (2)从监理执业人员的流动方面着手。各级建设行政主管部门应对监理上岗人员进行流动报备登记管理，减少监理人员过于频繁的流动，保持监理执业人员的相对稳定性与持续性。(2) from the flowing aspects of supervision practitioners. construction administrative departments at all levels to reported to the registration administration supervision duty personnel flow, reduce the flow of supervision personnel too frequently, maintain the relative stability of the supervision practitioners and sustainable. 2、理清建设工程监理单位与建设单位的关系2, clarify construction project supervision unit and construction unit of the relationship 许多的建设工程监理单位与建设单位之间有着紧密的联系，对此应予以纠正。例如，在依照投标程序选定监理单位时，应严格按照招投标程序进行操作，开展公平、公正、公开的竞争，使不具有利害关系的建设工程监理单位进入建设监理活动，以便于提供高效优质的监理服务。between many of the construction project supervision unit and construction units are closely linked, this must be corrected. selected in accordance with the bidding process, for example, the supervision unit, shall be in strict accordance with the bidding procedures, fair, just and open competition, make the construction the construction supervising units do not have an interest in construction supervision activities, in order to provide efficient quality supervision services. 3、加强对监理执业人员的培训3, strengthen the training of supervision practitioners 加强对监理执业人员的培训，提高监理人员的专业知识与素质，是提高监理质量切实有效的途径。监理人员的素质是监理单位形象的窗口，监理单位应加强对其员工的培训与考核。对不同学历、不同资质的监理人员进行分类与重组，达到人才的优化配置，并根据监理人员的不同情况进行培训。例如，一个组中设有数名经验丰富者，同时配设一些刚毕业的学生，设有数名高学历者，同时配设一些学历不高者，使得资历低、学历低些的监理人员可以从事一些基本的辅助性的工作，在锻炼其自身能力的同时减轻资历高、学历高的监理人员的工作压力。此外，对不同资质、不同学历的监理人员，分别安排与其相适应的专业培训。practitioners to strengthen supervision of the training, improve the professional knowledge and quality of supervisory staff, is the way of improve the quality of supervision, practical and effective. supervision personnels quality is the window of the image supervision unit, supervision unit should strengthen the training of its staff and assessment. with different degree, different classification and qualification of supervision personnel restructuring, achieve the optimized allocation of talent, and according to the different situation of supervision of personnel training. , for instance, has several experienced person in a group, at the same time, a few graduate students, has a number of highly educated, and at the same time, a few degree is not high, make low qualifications, low degree of supervision personnel can be engaged in some of the basic supporting work, while exercise their own ability to reduce the high qualification, high degree of supervision personnel working pressure. in addition, with different qualifications, different degree of supervision personnel, respectively arranged with appropriate professional training. 4、贯彻落实关键部位与关键工序的旁站制度4, the implementation of the key positions and key process station system 监理工作的重点应放在事前控制与事中控制，而不是事后控制。在关键部位与关键工序的施工过程中，监理人员应进行巡视、旁站或平行视察，防微杜渐，而不应待建设工程已成事实才算总账。其原因在于关键部位、关键工序一旦完成，轻则返工影响工程工期，重则触犯强制性条文，给建设工程留下严重的质量隐患。一旦建设工程出现了质量问题，虽然施工单位有着不可推卸的责任，但同时也能够反映出监理单位在监理深度、事前事中控制方面的缺陷。因此，编制符合监理工程特点的、针对性强的监理旁站计划并在实际监理活动中贯彻落实，显得尤为重要。supervision of the work should focus on the beforehand control and beforehand control, rather than control after the event. in key areas and key process of the construction process, supervision should be patrol, parallel to the side or inspection, veterinarian, and should not stay reckoning construction project has become a fact. its reason lies in the key parts, key working procedure once completed, light rework affect the construction period, or violate the mandatory provisions, to leave serious hidden dangers for the quality of the construction project. once the construction project quality problems, although the construction unit has the unshirkable responsibility, but also can reflect the supervision unit control deficiencies in supervision depth, advance things. therefore, accord with the characteristics of supervision of engineering, well-targeted supervision station planning and management activities of the implementation in practice, is particularly important. 5、构建数字化监理模式5, build digital supervision mode 作为工程监理这个高智能、高技术含量的行业,利用计算机的强大功能对工程相关信息进行集成化管理,逐步构建数字化监理模式,提高监理工作的准确性及高效性。所谓“数字化监理”,最浅显或最直观的一种就是通过设置在建筑施工现场较重要、关键点位上摄像探头,把现场施工情况传送到现场监理部的计算机屏幕上,用于监视工地的施工进度以及安全情况。工程项目所需的各种信息(如设计图纸、规范标准、监理中各种函件以及工程照片、音像等)均能直接被计算机识别和处理。数字化监理模式在资料、档案的检索中通过计算机进行智能化检索,检索速度快、效率高、范围广。as engineering supervision in the high intelligence, high technology content industry, proj