英语语法 一致关系.ppt

1 1、 语法一致语法一致 语法一致的原则是指主语为 单数或复数时，其谓语动词 要与其相呼应。但我们要注 意一些特殊情况； 2 2、 意义一致的原则：意义一致的原则： 指谓语动词的单复数取决于 主语所表达的概念， 而不取决于表面的语法标志. 3.就近一致 谓语与靠近的那个主语 保持一致. 1 1、 语法一致语法一致 语法一致的原则是指主语为 单数或复数时，其谓语动词 要与其相呼应。但我们要注 意一些特殊情况； 1）以along with, together with, with, as well as, rather than, in addition to, but, except , besides， like, including 连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数以第一个主语为主。 is air, as well as water, _ matter.is 2) 用and 连接的并列主语如果指的是同一人、 同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。 a hammer and a saw _ useful tools. are the poet and writer _ coming. is 3)成对的名词，如bread and butter涂黄油的 面包，soda and water汽水，coffee and milk 加牛奶的咖啡，aim and end目的，salt and water 盐开水等，虽然有and连接，但仍表单一概念，作主 语时，谓语用单数。 a knife and forka knife and fork _ _ on the table. on the table. whisky and soda whisky and soda _ _ always his favorite always his favorite drink. drink. is is 4)如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词，但 前面有each, every, no 等词修饰时，谓语用 单数。 every boy and every girl in this village _ _ taught to read and write. nono student and student and no no teacher _ invited teacher _ invited to the party.to the party. isis is 5)表示度量、价格、时间的复数名词词组作主 语时一被看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。 ten miles _ a good distance. is 6) 动名词, 动词不定式或从句作主语， 其谓语用单数形式。 serving the people _ my greatest happiness. to master a foreign language _ very important. when well go out for an outing _ been decided is is hasnt what we want _ another 20 people.are 7)主语是“each of ”，时，其谓语用单数。 复数名词+ each作主语, 谓语动词用复数. they each _ an english dictionary. each of us _ something to say. have has 8)主语是none, neither, no等既可表示复数意 义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。但在代表 不可数概念时,谓语动词用单数. none of us_ perfect. none of us _ good swimmers. none of us _ a good swimmer. none of this _ me. (worry) are/is are is worries 9)不定代词all, more, most, any, 等以及名词 half, part, the rest等既可表示复数意义又可表示 单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。 most of the apples _ rotten. most of the apple _ eaten. werewas 1o)“a number of + 名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数； “ the number of + 名词复数”作主语，谓语用单数。 a number ofa number of pupils _ reading pupils _ reading picture-books. (like)picture-books. (like) the number of deer, lions and wild roses _ not change much if people leave things as they are. does like 12)“的几分之几”和“的百分之几” 作主语时，其谓语用单数或复数取决于 of 后的名词。 three-fourths of the three-fourths of the surface of the earth surface of the earth _ sea._ sea. 40 percent of the students in our 40 percent of the students in our class _ girls.class _ girls. is are 13)主语是表示数量的“one and a half +复数名词”，其谓语用单数形式 主语是“one or two + 复数名词”， 其谓语用复数形式。 one and a half one and a half bananasbananas _ left on the _ left on the table.table. there _ one or two things id like to there _ one or two things id like to know about.know about. is are 14) 由 many a 或 more than + 单数名词作 主语时，其谓语用单数形式。 many a foreigner _ been to the many a foreigner _ been to the great wall. great wall. more than one student _ visited more than one student _ visited the exhibition. the exhibition. has has i, who _ your teacher, will teach i, who _ your teacher, will teach you everything i know. you everything i know. she is the only one of these women who she is the only one of these women who _ the violin. (play) _ the violin. (play) a m plays 15) 在定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that, which, 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。 16) “one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”之前有the only, the very, the等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 17)主语是a / this / that kind of +名词，谓语与 kind保持一致. 名词+ a / this / that kind , 谓语与名词保持 一致。 this kind of cloth _ soft. (feel)this kind of cloth _ soft. (feel) there _ different kinds of animals.there _ different kinds of animals. this kind of actors_ easily found.this kind of actors_ easily found. actors of this kind _ easily found.actors of this kind _ easily found. feels are are is 18) 算式中表示数目的主语通常看作单数， 其谓语常用单数形式，也可用复数。 five times four five times four isis ( (areare) ) twenty. twenty. 2 2、 意义一致的原则：意义一致的原则： 指谓语动词的单复数取决于 主语所表达的概念， 而不取决于表面的语法标志. 类似这样的集体名词有： family, class, audience, committee （委员会）, crowd, crew, group, party, population, team, public, council （理事会）, village等。 his family _ all music lovers.his family _ all music lovers. his family _ very bighis family _ very big . . are is 1)某些集体名词后可跟动词单数或复数。如果这些集 体名词指整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；指具 体成员时用复数。 2)主语是一些只有复数形式的名词，如clothes, trousers, glasses, compasses, scissors, shoes, socks, gloves等时，谓语用复数。 但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有a pair of修饰时，谓语用单数。 my trousers _ new; there there _ _ a pair of shoes in the a pair of shoes in the box.box. are is 3)主语是以-ics 结尾的学科名词mathematics, politics, physics以及news, works (工厂)和用作书名the arabian nights、报纸名the new york times 国名the united states等都属复数形式，而意义单数的名词， 其谓语用单数形式。另外means一词单复数同形应视 具体情况而定。 mathematicsmathematics _ to be difficult _ to be difficult to learn. (seem) to learn. (seem) a new a new meansmeans of teaching _ being of teaching _ being used in that school. used in that school. the united statesthe united states _ a developed _ a developed country.country. 注：学科名词前如有物主代词修饰时，谓语常用复数。 mymy mathematics _ weak. mathematics _ weak. is seems is are 3) the +形容词或分词作主语时，如指一类人。其谓语用 复数，如指抽象概念，其谓语用单数. the rich _ not the rich _ not always happy. always happy. the new _the new _ sure to sure to replace the old.replace the old. are is 3.就近一致 谓语与靠近的那个主语 保持一致. 1) 由here, there, where 引导的倒装句中. 1)here_ the bus. 2)there _ a pen and two books on the table. 3)where _ your wife and children ? comes is is 2) 由or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接的并列主语. 1)neither the students nor the teacher _ anything about it. 2)he or you _ taken my pen. knows have 1.a library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift. a. is offered b. has offered c. are offered d. have offered 2. on the wall_ two large portraits. a. hangs b. hang c. hanged d. hanging 3.not only i but also jane and mary _ tired of having one examination after another. a. is b. are c. am d. be 4. all but one _ here just now. a. is b. was c. has been d. were 5. “news of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the commander said. a. keep b. keeps c. kept d. have kept 6. there _ a lot of milk in the bottle. a. are b. is c. were d. has 32. whats the _ of having a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while? （2008福建） a. sense b. matter c. case d. opinion 11. most air pollution is caused by the burning of _ like coal, gas and oil. （2008天津卷） a. fuels b. articles c. goods d. products 34. i bought a dress for only 10 dollars in