文化传播与文化变迁.txt

20032 (510075) :; :19 key words; cultural diffusion; cultural change; trade; migration; pervasion abstract; in order to define the development process of cultural elements, this paper first reviews the research history of cultural evo- lutionism and cultural diffusionism from 19th century on. then, the author generalizes trade, migration, and cultural pervasion as three models of cultural diffusion and makes a concrete analysis of each of them. moreover, the last part of this paper also gives the authors own opinion about the dynamics of the culture change. 19 j 塣 1865 桱 (lubbock)(mor- gan )(tylor) (thomsen ) 鷨(universa law) ( psychic unity) 赼 緶 106 20 ( ) (friedrich ratzel)( culture area) 2(caldwell) ( interaction sphere ) l3 ( smith)(hyperdiffusion- ism) l4(dixon) (agandarea model) 5 (bennett)(acculturation) ( renfrew):20 60 () ( l. binford) 87 :(leslie white) 91; ( sahlins )(service) (band )(tribe) , (chiefdom)(state) l10 裬 _l (trigger)f-. _ l; 1.: () 20 (schortman) :a. ;b. m384 16 (malinowsky ) 鷢 (kula ) (gift) 塲 飬 180 6000 190 档 翴 (fi annery) z1 屻 zz0 z. 1 漮 x21:, 棬 (278) 4 () 2s 26 佻 r- 2. 3. 顢 沢 (jeremy tanner) gorgon kirttmukha ( ) ( )衣 bara z$ 治 峧 (ageand- area model): ; x30; ; j (noel barnard) x3210 档 仹 棬 19 l331 l34j (leslie white) 仯 :c=ext (c cultural dvelopment, e energy, ttechnology ) l3si0 2050 (julian steward): 渴; 361 2060 仯 仯 (contextual archaeolo- 6y) 37 仯 _ f381 仯 仯 İ 緶 档: 仯 屾壬 仯 仯 () (robert carneiro)(coercive theory) 飬 桢 漰 仯 i (leitfossilen) : (). :磬 1996:86102 2 4b. g. trigger; a history of archaeological thought, pp. 151152, cambridge university press, cam- bridge, 1989. 3 caldwell; interaction spheres in prehistory, in hopeel- lion studies, j. caldwell and r. hall (eds.)llli- nois state museum scientific p aper, no. 121964. 5301 r. dixon; the building of culture. new york; scribner, 1928. 6814e. m. schortman and p. a. urban; “modeling interregional interaction in prehistoad- vances in archaeological method and theory, vol. 11 p. 45michael b. schiffer(ed.)academic press, san diego, 1987 7 21colin renfrew; “trade and interaction“- proach to social archaeologr, p. 80, edinburgh uni- versity press, edinburgh, 1984. 93436 39b. m. fagan ; people of the earth, p. 54, harper collins publishers inc.new york, 1992. 10 j b g. trigger; a history of archaeological thought, p. 292, cambridge university press, 1989. 11 12 13 23 b. g.() .1994, (1): 84. . 赸.1978, (3) ; 49. 112 16.: 磬1985:154. 1719 colin renfrew: archaeology:theories methods and practice, p. 309thames and hudson ltd. 1991. 18. 1998(1):108110. 20. .1993, (2):239249 22. ().:磬 1965:188193. 24 26.:1982. 25. 1991 (2):6981. 27.:顤 1994: 200. 28jeremy tanner1998464 10art as expressive symbolism: civic portraits in classical athens. 29 31 32 33 35 40 塢 塣 .忼(). :磬1993: 2566. . .:磬1998: 25. ()(). :1977: 312. gavin lucas: “interpretation in contemporary archae- ology“ p. 37interpretation archaeologylan hod- der (eds.)routledge, london, 1995. inn hodder: reading the past, pp. 610, cam- bridge university press, 1986. b g. trigger: “history and contemporary american archaeology: a critical analysis.28 26. archaeological thought in america, c. c. lam- bergkarlovsky(eds.)cambridge university press, 1989. . 1995(4):1826. (:) l- o q l.l ll .俼.: .:磬1999: 199204. .: 磬1986; 5361. . .:磬1991: .4355 . 1999, (3):5364. . :磬1986: 74 - 93. .俼.: .:磬1999: 199204. . .:1995: 341 344. (:) jo 9 11 r ll 13 l4jl5: (100) f.齭. 1997, (2):6368. g. 1999, (3):5364. h.仯 .199