英语语法 The Tenses of English（初中） .ppt

the tenses of englishthe tenses of english 英语的时态 动词的分类 a.行为动词 表示某种动作或状态，在句中可以单独作谓语。如：dance， sing， write， hear， remember等 b.连系动词 连系动词的特点是不能单独作谓语。其后必须加上名词、形容词 或介词短语等作表语 表示状态的：be， seem(似乎是) 表示感觉的: look, sound, feel 表示变化的：turn，become，get，grow。 注：turn后通常 只接表示颜色的词 c.情态动词 情态动词在句中不能单独作谓语。这类词的特点是其后面的动词 一定要用原形。如：can，may，must，need等 d.助动词 助动词在句中也不能单独作谓语。助动词，顾名思义，就是起帮 助作用的动词。它必须与其他动词一起构成谓语。如：be， do ， have，will (would)， shall (should)。 动词时态 概论 l任何一种时态都可以分为两种动词来考虑： be动词和行为动词。 l任何时态的行为动词都要有助动词来进行句 型等的变化：否定句在助动词后加not; 疑问 句把助动词提前，其他再相应变化。 l时态还要考虑人称变化 l熟练掌握动词的几种变化：+ ing; + s/ es; +ed; 不规则动词表 基本时态1：一般现在时 表示从现在来看，经常或习惯性发生的动作或存在 的状态。时间提示词： often， usually， sometimes， every day/ week/ month/ year等。 be动词：is, am, are i am a teacher. he isnt very angry. are you students? the books are on the desk. 行为动词： 一般人称，谓语动词要用原形，助动词为do; 主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要加“-s”或“-es“, 助动词为does。 i often go swimming in the river. my sister studies hard every day. writing practice 记述你每天大概的生活。 基本时态2: 现在进行时 表示现在正在发生或进行的动作或事情。(一 般只有行为动词才有现在进行时) 谓语动词要用：be (is/ am/ are) + doing 助动词是： be (is/ am/ are) 时间提示词：listen! look! now，while look! what is he doing there? listen! that girl is singing an english song in the classroom. they are having a chinese class while we are having an english class. while 经常用来替代when 接进行时的从句。 基本时态3：一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词要用 过去式。时间提示词： last week ，yesterday，the day before yesterday， just now，three days ago，in 1998，when he was young等 be动词：was, were i was in grade 2 last year. they werent free yesterday. where were you just now? 行为动词：规则的+ ed; 不规则的用其过去式。 助动词是did he asked me to give him a call when he left. did your aunt become a teacher five years ago. he didnt write to me last week. he was go to beijing last sunday. (x) writing practice l描述你昨天做过的主要的事情。 基本时态4：一般将来时 表示从现在来看，即将发生的动作或存在的状态。 有两种： a）will + 动词原形 “将要” (助动词是will) b) be (is, am, are) going to + 动词原形 “打算” (助动词是be) 其中动词原型包括be动词 时间提示词：tomorrow， the day after tomorrow， next week / month/ year， in three days， soon等。例： will the visitor come to our school tomorrow? my brother will be back in three days. it will be cloudy tomorrow. we are going to have a football match this weekend. is he going to see the film tomorrow evening. 基本时态5：过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻获某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。 谓语动词形式用：was (were) + doing （助动词是was / were） 时间提示词：at this time yesterday， at that time last night， at 8 oclock yesterday morning, this morning, while， when等。例如： what was your father doing at this time yesterday? while i was watching tv， the telephone rang. the students were talking and laughing when the teacher came in. 基本时态6：现在完成时 现在完成时通常有两种含义： a） 表示到现在为止已经完成的动作或结束的状态 b） 某种情况从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在， 并且有可能继续延续下去。这种情况句尾常用for 或since短语。 谓语动词用：have (has) + 过去分词。 （助动词是have / has） 时间提示词：already， just，yet(还没有，已经)， ever， never，before, so far ever since, for， since， i havent seen the film before. mr. green has lived here for ten years. 基本时态7：过去将来时 表示从过去某一时刻来看，即将发生的动作或 存在的状态。常用于宾语从句中。 a）would + 动词原形 b）was (were) going to + 动词原形 时间提示词：the next day (wee，month， year)，that afternoon等。 he said that he would come to see us the next day. she asked me if i was going to see the film that evening. 基本时态8：过去完成时 过去完成时有以下含义： a.表示到过去某一时刻为止已经完成的动作； b.过去某一动作发生之前，另一动作已先发生或完成； c.表示某种情况或状态从过去的过去某一时刻开始，一 直延续过去某一时刻为止,并且有可能继续延续下去。 谓语动词用：had + 过去分词 时间提示词：by the end of last term(week， month ， year)， when(by the time)， before等。例 ： we had planted 5，000 trees by the end of last year. the train had left when i arrived at the station. he told me he had been an english teacher for six years before he came here. 时态练习： 1、when i her in the hall, she was playing the piano. aseebsawc will seedam seeing 2、hell go with you as soon as he my work. awill finishbfinishedc finishesdwould finish 3、he will do better in english if he harder. awillworkbworksc workingdwork 4、since he came here last year, we happy. aarebhave beenc had beendwere 5、peter the work in a week. ahave finishedbfinishesc is finishingdwill finish 6、 open the window. awill you pleasebplease will you cyou pleasedplease 7、these books in the library for a long time. ahave keptbhad kept chave been keptdwere kept 8、many sheep eating grass. aisbarecwas 9、 i come here tonight? no, you neednt. amaybcanc mustdshall 10、the green family _london for nearly two years. they all miss their hometown very much. aleftbwill leave chave leftdhave been away from 11、her grandparentsfor ten years. adiedbhave died cwere deaddhave been dead 12、youd betterto see the doctor. ato go bgo cwentdgoing 13、my father enjoys to light music. alistensbto listenc listeningdlistened 14、when youthe museum? awould visitbdid visit chave visitdhad visited 15、he told themon with the work. ato gobgoing c godwent 用动词的适当形式填空： 1、ill give the book to him as soon as he back (come). 2、the baby crying yet? (stop) 3、i dont know whether mother me to beijing next month. (take) 4、she on her coat and went out. (put) 5、 “what are they doing?” “they ready for the sports meeting.” (get) 6、the boy asked his mother (let) him go and play basketball. 7、im sorry to keep you for a long time. (wait) 8、it (take) him half an hour (finish) his homework yesterday. 9、if it an interesting film, well see it tomorrow. (be) 10、they usually (do) their homework after supper. 11、listen! who(sing) in the next room now? 12、(be) your parents in shanghai last year? 13、mr. yu (teach) us maths since 1982. 13、mr. yu (teach) us maths since 1982. 14、they will have a trip (旅行) to the great wall if it (not rain) tomorrow. 15、li ming often (listen) to the radio in the morning. 16、tan： “father, may i go out and play football?” father： “you (do) your homework?” 17、all the people in the town are glad (hear) that a famous musician(音乐家) _ give a concert（音乐会）this saturday evening. 18、our teacher told us if it (not snow) we would visit the science museum the next day. 19、they often (play) football in the afternoon. 20、whatre you doing dad? i (mend) the radio. 21、lets (carry) the boxes to the house. 22、yesterday she (want) very much to see the film, but she couldnt (get) a ticket. 23、i (write) to you as soon as i get to shanghai. 24、mike (visit) several places since he came to beijing. 25、he (write) four letters to his wife every month 26、dont make any noise, grandma (sleep). 27、his aunt (do) some cooking when he came in . 28、when they (reach) the station, the train had already left. 29、there (be) a meeting next monday. 30、we (know) each other since our boyhood. ( 少年时代) 31、sometimes my father (come) b