高危药品目录2012年.doc

ISMPs List of High-Alert Medications(2012)Classes/Categories of Medications肾上腺素受体激动剂 静脉用 (e.g., 如肾上腺素、去氧肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素)(肾上腺素能拮抗剂), 静脉用 (e.g., 普奈洛尔、美托洛尔和拉贝洛尔)麻醉药, 吸入或静脉全身(如丙泊酚和氯胺酮)抗心律不齐药,静脉用(e.g.,利多卡因和胺碘酮)抗血栓药 , 包括:抗凝血剂 (e.g.华法林、低分子肝素、注射用普通肝素)Xa 因子抑制剂（如戊聚糖）；直接凝血酶抑制剂（如阿加曲班、来匹卢定、比伐卢定）；溶栓药物（如阿特普酶、瑞替普酶、替奈普酶）；糖蛋白b/a 抑制剂（如埃替非巴肽) 心麻痹液 化学治疗药, dextrose, hypertonic高渗葡萄糖, 20% or greaterdialysis solutions透析液, peritoneal and hemodialysisepidural or intrathecal medications硬膜外或鞘内药物Hypoglycemics降糖药, oralinotropic medications（改变心肌力药物）, IV (e.g., digoxin, milrinone)Insulin胰岛素, subcutaneous and IVliposomal forms of drugs（脂质体类药物） (e.g., liposomal amphotericin B) and conventional counter-parts (e.g., amphotericin B desoxycholate)moderate sedation agents中度镇静药物, IV (e.g., dexmedetomidine, midazolam)moderate sedation agents, oral, for children (e.g., chloral hydrate)narcotics/opioids麻醉剂鸦片类制剂IVtransdermaloral (including liquid concentrates, immediate and sustained-release formulations)neuromuscular blocking agents神经肌肉阻滞剂 (e.g., succinylcholine, rocuronium, vecuronium)parenteral nutrition preparations 肠外营养制剂radiocontrast agents显影剂, IVSterile无菌 water（水） for injection, inhalation, and irrigation(excluding pour bottles) in containers of 100 mL or moresodium chloride for injection氯化钠, hypertonic, greater than 0.9% concentrationSpecific Medications特殊药物epoprostenol依前列醇 (Flolan), IVmagnesium sulfate硫酸镁 injectionMethotrexate甲氨蝶呤, oral, non-oncologic useopium tincture鸦片酊Oxytocin缩宫素, IVnitroprusside sodium 硝普钠for injectionpotassium chloride氯化钾 for injection concentratepotassium phosphates磷酸钾 injectionpromethazine异丙嗪, IVVasopressin加压素, IV or intraosseousHigh-alert medications are drugs that bear a heightened risk ofcausing significant patient harm when they are used in error.Although mistakes may or may not be more common with thesedrugs, the consequences of an error are clearly more devastating topatients. We hope you will use this list to determine which medica-tions require special safeguards to reduce the risk of errors. Thismay include strategies such as standardizing the ordering, storage,preparation, and administration of these products; improving accessto information about these drugs; limiting access to high-alertmedications; using auxiliary labels and automated alerts; andemploying redundancies such as automated or independent double-checks when necessary. (Note: manual independent double-checksare not always the optimal error-reduction strategy and may not bepractical for all of the medications on the list).欢迎您下载我们的文档，后面内容直接删除