基于WSN的煤矿安全监控系统的研究外文翻译.docx

基于WSN的煤矿安全监控系统的研究摘 要 在本文中，我们使用无线传感器网络监控煤矿的经验进行了阐述。在一个节点上的多传感器可以捕获各种各样的环境数据，包括矿山的振动，矿井温度，湿度和气体浓度，和环境参数、控制风扇运转。网络由许多无线传感器节点组成。煤矿安全监控方案发展从可以保存汇聚节点接收到的数据，并实时显示和分析各种的信息来供决策。1 背景与介绍煤炭安全生产关系到国民经济的发展，如今，中国的煤矿安全信息系统是基于有线网络，随着煤炭开采的加速，有线网络在扩展，灵活性，覆盖率等方面具有严重不足。为了解决这些问题，无线网络是最好的选择。 ZigBee是一种先进的数据通信技术，具有低速率，低功耗，协议简单，成本低，良好的扩展性，容易形成无线网络等特点。相比现有煤矿监测设备，节点构成的无线传感器网络的更小，更轻，更易于大规模部署。由于数据采集和传输方式是通过无线电台，节点挂钩传感器，可以打破电线电缆的约束，并可以使部署更加方便，灵活。此外，大规模的和灵活的部署节点对于矿工来说使得更好的本地化工作。因此，它具有重要的现实意义，将这一新技术和新方法，应用在煤矿安全信息系统的设计中。2 系统的结构本文设计了一个煤矿安全监控系统，它是基于ZigBee2007无线通信协议，采用TI公司生产的CC2530芯片做无线数据传输。煤矿安全监控系统由三部分组成：控制中心，协调和终端节点。终端节点有两种类型：全功能设备（FFD ），部分功能的移动设备（ RFD ）。监督控制中心软件是以TI的Z -位置引擎，它显示了各监测点的位置和状态信息，它是一个在整个潜在风险区域的地理信息的图形化描述。协调也是一个网关，它获得FFD和RFD的所有信息，然后发送到控制中心的节点上然后通过监控软件来更新状态消息。此外，他还要广播控制中心的指示。 FFD是路由器，它SA节点组链接在一起，并提供多希望消息，它与其他路由器和终端设备相关联，而RFD仅仅是一个终端设备。我们知道，整个监控系统可以分离的两个子系统，煤矿井下环境调查和数据收集子系统和矿山集中智能信息管理子系统。本文将主要介绍煤矿井下环境调查和数据采集子系统。考虑矿山井下的环境的实际情况，RFD主要负责用于收集矿工的生理功能，然后通过无线通讯方式将其发送到FDD，FDD由具有路由功能，可以收集环境参数的节点，然后将数据上传到管理中心。矿山井下系统主要通过无线网络设备的链接，可靠的通信应用来保证它的正常工作。地面矿山系统包括各类综合服务体系，服务平台体系，监测分析系统和紧急行动中心等等，这些通过TCP/ IP网络连接设备连接。3 系统设计3.1硬件设计。在系统中的每个终端节点组成的CC2530，振动传感器，气体传感器，温度和湿度传感器，射频模块，电源模块，无线收发信机的天线和复位电路模块。基于CC2530的传感器节点的硬件结构示于图1。这个节点是仅作为终端节点，预留外接电源接口和UART端口外部LPC1756板是为了满足不同的应用需求; ZigBee协议;移植后的TinyOS操作系统做准备。图1基于CC2530的传感器节点硬件结构图无线电射频模块之间的数据传输是基于IEEE802.15.4。为了降低系统的成本，缩短产品开发周期和降低的难度，功耗，提高发射功率，考虑接收灵敏度，芯片的成本，协议堆栈的成本因素以及芯片和外围元件的数量需等，这些选择一个芯片要主要考虑的因素。最后，TI的免费协议栈的ZigBee芯片CC2530的ZigBee-2007被挑选出来。行业标准的增强型8051 MCU与RF收发器，其发射功率为1mW，接收灵敏度为-94dBm，当符号错误率是1，电流损耗小于0.6A当系统处于待机模式，当RF为2.4GHz，其数据传输速率是240KB/ s的所有参数满足系统设计的需求。3.6V的锂电池，电压转换电路是由电源管理模块，它有两个输出通道提供不同的电压和电流供给无线射频模块和传感器检测模块。作为一个网关，需要协调与控制中心的沟通，这是与终端节点所不同的，所以我们需要在硬件设计上添加另一个通信端口，此端口可以广泛使用，因为这个系统并不是专为一些计算机、单片机或PLC设计的。因此，RS-232和USB接口都适用于这个它。汇聚节点的硬件结构如图2所示。图2汇聚节点硬件结构此模块是汇聚节点的主板的一部分，特殊应用程序也可以使用它作为一个普通节点; UART接口的RF模块的一部分，则可以保留通过电源接口，此模块的CC2530射频模块作为一个群集节点模块时，上述结构未配备传感器;主板上的设计的网络接口连接到以太网，GSM模块主要使用GPRS或3G数据通信功能，通过终端传感器网络和公共网络（3G），进行远程控制或远程扩展监测。3.2软件设计ZigBee无线传感器网络的有三种类型的节点：协调器，路由器（或FFD）和终端设备（或RFD）是在图3中所示的无线传感器网络节点的工作状态图。这种设计采用了由TI公司，这是免费的和半开放源码的ZigBee协议栈Z-stack2007提供。Z-stack2007是由MAC层，物理层和应用层，网络层之间的通信的设备和活动，消息路由网络发现的网络设备在初始化的Z-stack2007是负责的。ZigBee标准定义了三种类型的设备，每个设备都有自己的功能要求，ZigBee协调器启动和配置网络。同时，它是负责正常工作并保持在与其它网络设备通信。一个ZigBee网络只允许一个ZigBee协调。ZigBee路由器负责重发的消息发送到其他设备。电网的ZigBee和树型网络可以有多个ZigBee路由器。ZigBee终端节点通过ZigBee网络可以执行它自己的相关的功能和与其它网络设备进行通信。 图3 WSN节点的工作状态图图4 无线传感器网络节点软件的的工作流程图由于ZigBee的WSN网关，协调器会自动启动网络的形成。在那之后，它会等待，直到所有的节点附近完成加盟网。然后，协调器会发送指令收集信息，如连接状态，传感器数据和位置数据，然后发送到控制中心，最后监控软件更新各种状态值。所有这些过程都在一个定时执行周期内完成的。WSN中节点的软件工作流程图如图四所示。4 结论一种新的煤矿安全监控系统的开发，它包括智能，低成本，低功耗和低维护敏感的传感器和ZigBee无线传感器网络。该系统可以监视该气体的浓度，温度和湿度和敏感振动，对潜在的危险进行早期警告;减少生命和财产损失。基于无线传感器网络，这个系统是容易被部署，同时它克服了现有系统的缺点。因此，可以说它弥补现有系统的弱点。整个系统以无线传感器网络技术为核心，增强了系统的灵活性，可维护性和可扩展性，同时系统的调制和开放式结构，使系统能有一个良好的可能性。我们评估这个设计，并获得了一些有益的经验，将有利于我们的后续工作。Research on Mine Safety Monitoring System Based On WSNAbstractIn this paper our experiences using a wireless sensor network to monitor the coal mines are described. The multi -sensor in one node can capture a variety of environmental data, including the vibration of the mine, the mine temperature, humidity and gas concentration, and environmental parameters control operation of the fan. Network consists of many wireless sensor nodes. Mine safety monitoring program has been developed to save the received data from sink nodes and show it on real time and analyze all kinds of information for decision function. 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing), McGill University and University of Wollongong.Keywords: CC2530; ZigBee; wireless sensor network;Mine-monitoring system;sensor node1. BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTIONCoal production safety is related to the development of the national economy, nowadays, the coal mine safety information system of China is based on cable network, with the acceleration of coal mining, the wired network has the serious insufficiency in aspects and so on extension, flexibility, coverage fraction all. In order to solve these questions, the wireless network is the best choice. ZigBee is an up-to-data communication technology, with the low gear rate, low power loss, simple agreement, low cost, good extension, easy forming wireless networks. In contrast with existing coal mine monitoring equipment, the nodes that constitute the wireless sensor network are smaller, lighter and easier for large-scale deployment.As data acquisition and transmission approach is through wireless radios, the nodes linked sensors can break the constraint of wire and cable and make the deployment more convenient and flexible. Moreover, the large-scale and flexible deployment of nodes makes for better localization of miners. Therefore, it has momentous practical significance to apply this new technology and new method in the design of coal mine Safety Information System1.2. STRUCTURE OF THE SYSTEMThis paper designed a mine safety monitoring system, It is based on ZigBee2007 wireless communication protocol, adopts the CC2530 chip produced by TI company to doing wireless data transmission. The mine safety monitoring system consists of three parts: control center, coordinator and terminal nodes. There are two kinds of terminal nodes: full-function device (FFD) and reduced-function device (RFD). The supervising software on the control center is based on TIs Z-Location Engine, it shows the location and the status messages of all the monitoring sites2, and it is a graphical description of the geographical information of the entire potential risk area. The coordinator is also a gateway; it acquires all the information from FFD and RFD, and then transmits to the control center to update the status messages of nodes on the supervising software. Besides, it broadcasts instructions from control center. FFD is a router, it s a node that links groups together and provides multi-hoping for messages2. It associates with other routers and end-devices, while a RFD is just an end device.As we can see, the whole monitoring system can be separated in two subsystems, investigating environment and collecting data subsystem down the mine and centralized intellectualinformation managing subsystem up the mine. This article will mainly introduce environment investigating and data collecting subsystem down the mine2.Considering the practical situation of the environment under the mine, RFD are mainly responsible for collecting physiological features of the miners, and then send them to FDD via wireless communication way. FDD consists of nodes possessing routing functions which can collect environmental parameters in time, and then upload the data to administration center. The down mine systems mainly link by wireless network equipments to apply reliable communication. The upper mine system includes various kinds of integrated service system, service platform system, monitoring analytical system and emergency operations center, etc. These equipments connect through TCP/IP internet connection.23.3. SYSTEM DESIGN3.1. Hardware designEach terminal node in the system is composed of CC2530, vibration sensor, gas sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, radio frequency module, power supply module, wireless transceiver antenna and reset circuit module. The CC2530-based sensor node hardware structure is shown in Fig. 2. This node is only as terminal nodes; Reserved external power supply interface and UART port is intended to external LPC1756 board to meet different application needs; The ZigBee agreement; post-transplant TinyOS to prepare the operating system。Fig.1 CC2530-based sensor node hardware structureThe data transmission between radio RF modules is based on IEEE802.15.4. In order to reduce the cost of system, shorten product development cycle and lower the difficulty, the factors including power consumption, transmitting power, receiving sensitivity, chip costs, protocol stack costs and the number of peripheral components the chip need are mainly considered when choose a chip. Finally, TI s ZigBee chip CC2530 with free protocol stack ZigBee-2007 is picked out. The RF transceiver with an industry-standard enhanced 8051 MCU, its transmitting power is 1mw, receiving sensitivity is -94dBm when the symbol error ratio is 1%, current loss is less than 0.6 A when the system is in standby mode, and its data rate is 240Kb/s when the RF is 2.4GHz. All the parameters meet the demand of system design. The power management module is composed of 3.6V lithium cell and voltage conversion circuit, it has two output channels provides different voltage and current supply for the radio RF module and the sensor detecting module separately3.As a gateway, the coordinator has to communicate with the control center, which is different from the terminal nodes. So we need another communication port in hardware design. This port should be widely used because this system is not specially designed for some computer, SCM or PLC3. Therefore, RS-232 and USB is qualified for this. The Aggregation node hardware structure is in shown in Fig. 2.Fig.2 aggregation node hardware structureThis module is part of the motherboard as the aggregation node, special applications can also use it as an ordinary node; RF module part of the UART interface can be reserved through the power supply interface, the module when the CC2530 RF module as a Cluster node module, the above is not equipped with sensors; On the motherboard has the GSM module mainly to use its GPRS or the 3G data communication function, with by the terminal sensor network and the public network (3G), designs the network interface to connect to the Ethernet, carries on the remote control or the long-distance expansion monitoring by this;3.2. Software designZigBee WSN has three kinds of nodes: the coordinator, the router (or FFD) and the end device (or RFD). The WSN node working state diagram is in shown in Fig. 3.This design adopts Z-stack2007 offered by TI company which is free and half open-source ZigBee protocol stack. Z-stack2007 is made up of MAC layer, physical layer and application layer, The network layer of Z-stack2007 is responsible for communication among the devices and activities, message routing network discovery in the initialization of network devices34. ZigBee standard defines three types of equipment, each has its own function requirement. ZigBee coordinator starts and configures the network. Meanwhile, it is responsible for the normal working and keeping in communication with other network devices. A ZigBee network only allows one ZigBee coordinator. ZigBee router is responsible for retransmitting the messages to other devices. ZigBee grid and tree network can have multiple ZigBee routers. ZigBee terminal nodes can execute its own related functions and communicate with other network devices through ZigBee network5.Fig.3 WSN nodes working state diagramAs the gateway of the ZigBee WSN, coordinator automatically initiates the formation of the network. After that, it will wait on until all the nodes nearby finished joining in the net 6. Then the coordinator will sent instructions or collect information such as the connection status, sensor data and location data, and then sent them to the control center to update value in the supervising software. All these processes are completed in a specified number of regularly timed execution cycles. The software work flow chart of WSN node is shown in Fig. 4.4. CONCLUSIONSA new mine safety monitoring system was developed; it compromises sensitive sensors and ZigBee WSN which is smart, low-cost, low-power and low-maintenance. This system can monitor the gas concentration, temperature and humidity and vibration sensitively, carry on the early warning to the potential hazard; reduce loss of life and property. Based on WSN, this system is easy to be deployed and overcomes the shortcomings on current systems. Therefore it can compensate for the weaknesses of current systems. The overall system take the wireless sensor networking technology as a core, strengthened the system flexibility, the maintainability and the extendibility, meanwhile the system modulation and the open style struct