英语UNit11句型和语法详解.ppt

C Co ould yuld yo ou pleu plea ase tse te ell mll me e where thwhere the e r re estrstrooooms ms a ar re e ? ? 句型和语法参考 Asking ways:Asking ways: Excuse me.Excuse me. Wheres the (nearest), please ?Wheres the (nearest), please ? Is there a (an) near here?Is there a (an) near here? Which is the way to , please ?Which is the way to , please ? Could you tell me how to get to?Could you tell me how to get to? Is this the right way to ?Is this the right way to ? Can you tell me the way to ?Can you tell me the way to ? I want to go to . Do you know the way ?I want to go to . Do you know the way ? Telling ways:Telling ways: Its opposite (across from) the post office.Its opposite (across from) the post office. Its just around the corner.Its just around the corner. Its next to/outside/ in front of/Its next to/outside/ in front of/ Its on the right/ left of theIts on the right/ left of the Its only ten minutes walk from here.Its only ten minutes walk from here. Walk along this road/ street.Walk along this road/ street. Go straight ahead about 100 meters.Go straight ahead about 100 meters. Go on until you come to a wide street, Go on until you come to a wide street, then turn left.then turn left. Go across the bridge. You cant miss it.Go across the bridge. You cant miss it. The objective clause:The objective clause: 1 1. .连词连词:1) :1) 陈述句用陈述句用 thatthat引导引导: He said: He said that that his father was fifty years old. his father was fifty years old. 2 2. .主从句时态一致。主从句时态一致。Nobody Nobody knew knew who the old who the old man in the street man in the street waswas. . 3 3. .不能用疑问句语序。不能用疑问句语序。Do you know Do you know when he when he will come herewill come here? ? 2) 2) 特殊疑问句用特殊疑问句用:who, what, which, where, :who, what, which, where, when,howwhen,how等引导等引导Do you knowDo you know where where he he lives?lives? 3) 3) 一般疑问句用一般疑问句用:if, whether:if, whether引导引导. . Could you tell me Could you tell me ifif it snows in Australia? it snows in Australia? 宾语从句宾语从句 宾语从句的时态当主句谓语是一般现在时当主句谓语是一般现在时, , 宾语从句可以宾语从句可以 根据需要来使用某种时态根据需要来使用某种时态. . 当主句谓语是一般过去时当主句谓语是一般过去时, , 宾语从句用表宾语从句用表 示过去的某种时态示过去的某种时态. . 当主句谓语是一般过去时当主句谓语是一般过去时, , 宾语从句的内宾语从句的内 容表示客观真理时容表示客观真理时, , 宾语从句中的谓语动宾语从句中的谓语动 词不受主句谓语动词的影响词不受主句谓语动词的影响, , 应保留一般应保留一般 现在时态形式现在时态形式. . e.g.e.g. The teacher said that the moon moveThe teacher said that the moon moves s around the sun. around the sun. The objective clause:The objective clause: 主从句时态一致主从句时态一致 1 1、Do you know how much hot waterDo you know how much hot water ? ? A AMum is neededMum is neededB Bdoes Mum needdoes Mum need C CMum needsMum needsD Ddid Mum needdid Mum need 2 2、Can you tell meCan you tell me ? ? A Awhere he is where he is B Bwhere is he where is he C Che is wherehe is whereD Dwhat is hewhat is he 3 3、I didnt know how I didnt know how to London?to London? A Awould they gowould they go B Bare they goingare they going C Cthey would gothey would go D Dthey are goingthey are going 4 4、I want to know how longI want to know how long A Ahas he been backhas he been backB Bhas he come backhas he come back C Che has been backhe has been backD Dhe has come backhe has come back 5 5、Do you knowDo you know ? ? A Awhat the news arewhat the news areB Bwhat is the newswhat is the news C Cwhat the news is what the news is D Dwhat are the newswhat are the news C C A A C C C C C C 合成句子合成句子: : 1 We dont know. Where can we buy a stamp?1 We dont know. Where can we buy a stamp? _ 2 Where is the tea shop? Could you tell me?2 Where is the tea shop? Could you tell me? _ We dont know where We dont know where we canwe can buy a stamp. buy a stamp. Could you tell me where Could you tell me where the tea shop isthe tea shop is? ? 写出同义句：写出同义句： 1 I dont know what I shall do next.1 I dont know what I shall do next. _ 2 The students didnt know what present to give 2 The students didnt know what present to give their teacher for Teachers Day.their teacher for Teachers Day. _ _ I dont know I dont know what to dowhat to do next. next. The students didnt know what present The students didnt know what present they shouldthey should give their teacher for Teachers Day.give their teacher for Teachers Day. 1. 1. Could youCould you please tell me where the please tell me where the restrooms are? restrooms are? 请你告诉我厕所在哪儿好吗？请你告诉我厕所在哪儿好吗？ Could youCould you？是个句型，是个句型，couldcould在在 此不是过去形式，它此时表示语气此不是过去形式，它此时表示语气 婉转、有礼貌。婉转、有礼貌。 Explanation Explanation 在希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中，以及在含在希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中，以及在含 有表示建议、请求和征求意见语气的疑问句有表示建议、请求和征求意见语气的疑问句 中中, , 常用常用somesome和和somethingsomething，而不用而不用anyany和和 anythinganything。 【For exampleFor example】 （1 1）Could youCould you lend me your motorbike, lend me your motorbike, please? please? 请把你的摩托车借给我好吗？请把你的摩托车借给我好吗？ （2 2）Could youCould you tell me tell me somethingsomething about about yourselfyourself 请谈谈你自己好吗？请谈谈你自己好吗？ （3 3）Would youWould you like to have like to have some some apples? apples? 你们要吃苹果吗？你们要吃苹果吗？ （4 4）What aboutWhat about saying saying somethingsomething about your about your school? school? 说说你学校的情况好吗？说说你学校的情况好吗？ （5 5）Will you pleaseWill you please give the poor boy give the poor boy somethingsomething to eat? to eat? 请给那可怜的孩子一点吃的东西好吗？请给那可怜的孩子一点吃的东西好吗？ 2. 2. Can youCan you please tell me where I can get please tell me where I can get a dictionary? a dictionary? 请你告诉我在哪儿能买到字典好吗？请你告诉我在哪儿能买到字典好吗？ Can you please tellCan you please tell，是个句型，它是个句型，它 后面可跟宾语从句，也可跟不定式结构。后面可跟宾语从句，也可跟不定式结构。 cancan可换成可换成could, would, willcould, would, will。 3. Take the elevator to the second floor3. Take the elevator to the second floor 乘电梯上二楼。乘电梯上二楼。 taketake在此表示在此表示“ “搭、乘搭、乘” ”的意思。的意思。 【For exampleFor example】 （1 1）He told me toHe told me to take take an expressan express 他叫我搭乘特别快车。他叫我搭乘特别快车。（2 2）She She takestakes a bus to work every day a bus to work every day 她每天乘公共汽车上班。她每天乘公共汽车上班。 4. The drugstore is 4. The drugstore is betweenbetween the furniture the furniture store store andand the bookstore the bookstore (1)between (1)between prep.“prep.“在在两者之间两者之间” ”，常与常与 andand连用。连用。例如：例如： Do you know the difference Do you know the difference between between the the two verbs“bring”and“take”?two verbs“bring”and“take”? 你知道你知道bringbring和和taketake这两个动词的区别吗这两个动词的区别吗? ? (2)among (2)among prepprep“ “在在当中当中” ”，指三者或，指三者或 三者以上之间。三者以上之间。例如：例如： They saw a village They saw a village amongamong the hills the hills 他们看到群山中有个村庄。他们看到群山中有个村庄。 5. 5. I preferI prefer being outside being outside prefer prefer vtvt“ “更喜欢、宁愿更喜欢、宁愿” ”，其后，其后 可可 接名词、接名词、- -inging形式及动词不定式，还用形式及动词不定式，还用 在在“ “preferto”preferto”结构中，表示结构中，表示“ “喜喜 欢欢而不喜欢而不喜欢”。例如：例如： Do you Do you preferprefer coffee or tea? coffee or tea? 你喜欢咖啡还是茶你喜欢咖啡还是茶? ? He He prefers toprefers to wait until evening wait until evening 他宁愿等到天黑。他宁愿等到天黑。 I I preferprefer doing doing toto talking talking 我喜欢做不喜欢说。我喜欢做不喜欢说。 6. They have organized games and the 6. They have organized games and the staff staff dress updress up as as clownclowns.s. 他们组织了游戏，并且员工化装为他们组织了游戏，并且员工化装为小丑小丑。 1 1）staffstaff为一个机构的全体工作人员，为一个机构的全体工作人员， 全体职员，全体职员，staffstaff用作集体名词做主语时，用作集体名词做主语时， 谓语动词多用复数谓语动词多用复数 例：例： The schools The schools staffstaff is / are excellent. is / are excellent. 这个学校的教职员是很优秀的。这个学校的教职员是很优秀的。 7 7.(1).(1) dress dress用作动词，表示用作动词，表示“ “穿衣服穿衣服” ”，宾语常是，宾语常是 人人dress sb.dress sb.给给 穿衣穿衣 （ 2 2）dress updress up 通常指小孩穿别人衣服闹着玩，装扮；乔装打扮通常指小孩穿别人衣服闹着玩，装扮；乔装打扮 to dress up to dress up asas an astronaut an astronaut 装扮成宇航员装扮成宇航员 另外，还有穿上礼服，穿上盛装之意。另外，还有穿上礼服，穿上盛装之意。例：例： Dont bother to Dont bother to dress updress up for the for the party.party. 不必为这次聚会穿礼服。不必为这次聚会穿礼服。 dress up indress up in穿来穿来打扮打扮 （3 3）dress indress in和和be dressed inbe dressed in用来形容某用来形容某 人的外表。人的外表。 She always She always dressesdresses inin black. black. 她总是穿黑衣服。她总是穿黑衣服。 Ill be Ill be dressed indressed in a red coat. a red coat. 我将会穿件红色的大衣。我将会穿件红色的大衣。 wear“wear“穿着（衣服）穿着（衣服）” ”亦表示一种状态。亦表示一种状态。 She always She always wearswears black. black. put onput on则指穿衣这个动作。则指穿衣这个动作。 例：例： She She put onput on a woolly scarf before she a woolly scarf before she went out. went out. 她出门前带上了羊毛围巾。她出门前带上了羊毛围巾。 8.8. sound sound / / noise noise / / voice voice soundsound 的含义最广，凡是能听得见的声音都可以的含义最广，凡是能听得见的声音都可以 叫叫soundsound，包括人的声音，鸟的叫声，机器的声音，包括人的声音，鸟的叫声，机器的声音 等，这种声音可能悦耳，也可能是噪音；等，这种声音可能悦耳，也可能是噪音；noisenoise通通 常指常指“ “噪声噪声” ”；voicevoice专门指人的声音例如：专门指人的声音例如： 1.Do you like listening to the sound of the 1.Do you like listening to the sound of the sea?sea? 2.The noise outside kept him awake.2.The noise outside kept him awake. 3.She has a very sweet voice.3.She has a very sweet voice. 9.9. in order to do in order to do sthsth 为了为了 它引导的目它引导的目 的状语可放在句首或句中的状语可放在句首或句中 (1). (1). In order toIn order to have a bright future, have a bright future, we need to work hard.we need to work hard. (2). He got up early (2). He got up early in order not toin order not to be be late.late. in order not to do in order not to do sthsth 为了不为了不 so as (not) to so as (not) to 也表目的 也表目的 一般放在句中一