[外语学习]中科院考博英语翻译写作分析及范文.doc

中科院博士研究生英语写作分析及范文1999.32000.32001.32002.32002.102003.32003.102004.32005.3题目解析：“如何减少交通事故?”这道作文题目简洁明了，比较容易把握。正确地理解本题最重要的是抓住题眼，也就是“如何”这个词。本题十分明确地要求考生专门讨论解决某一现象或问题的具体措施，而有的考生没能紧紧围绕解决办法多着笔墨，而去分析交通事故这个问题背后的根源，显然无法取得理想的成绩。范文：With the rapid development of society, more and more people in China can afford to buy a car.As a consequence, traffic accidents gradually become a serious problem and bring great inconveniences to people. In my opinion, this problem can be solved from three aspects.Firstly, our government should take drastic measures and enforce a series of effective traffic rules, which must be well acknowledged and understood by every person. Those who do not obey the rules will be punished according to the actual situation.Secondly, the Ministry of Communications should make every effort to better the poor traffic environment. We need traffic police to be responsible for their job. If our policemen can be committed to what they are doing, the traffic condition will surely be improved.Thirdly, every member of the society should realize the seriousness of traffic accidents, which not only bring mischief to the drivers themselves, but also lead their families into bitterness. As drivers, they should not drink alcohol before driving. As walkers, they should not cross the street when red light is still on.In a word, it is the task of the whole society to solve the traffic accidents. I believe the traffic accidents will be reduced through the endeavor of everyone, and our society will have a nice traffic order and environment. (220 words)2006.3题目解析：本题首先列出了一个现实生活中的现象：中国虽然拥有世界上最多的人口和大量的研究工作者，却至今没能培养出一名诺贝尔奖获得者。针对这一现象，题目的要求是十分具体的，就是去分析这种现象背后的根源。换句话说，对原因的挖掘是本题的重点。范文：Nobel Prize, an international award given for achievements in various academic fields, has been a great honor to people from different countries. However, China, with the greatest population and a large number of research workers, has not produced a single Nobel Prize winner so far. In my opinion, various contributing factors can be identified as follows.First of all, though the educational system in China has fostered many researchers, it somehow hinders individuals creativity. Children are usually not valued by their unique way of thinking, but are encouraged to be obedient. Especially in the traditional cramming method of teaching, schools lay particular stress on memorization at the expense of comprehension, which has a very bad influence on students ability to solve difficult problems.Furthermore, for a long period in Chinese history, China had been isolated from the outside world. In ancient times, we were self-contained for self-pride, believing that China was at the center of the whole universe. In modem times, we were self-fettered for self-protection, afraid of the invasion of other countries. As a consequence, China has lagged behind in many fields including science development. Researchers in China have little idea about the research interests of their own areas. At the same time, discoveries by Chinese researchers cannot be made known to foreign countries. For instance, the clone technology was first explored by scientists from Chinese Academy of Sciences decades ago, but their research did not arouse international concern simply due to lack of communication.Fortunately, the situation mentioned above has been changing. Our educational system has improved a great deal and more and more opportunities to communicate with the external world have been offered. Therefore, I am sure that in the near future China will have one or more Nobel Prize winners. (298 words)中科院考博英语理念真题翻译解析2002.102003.32003.102004.32005.32005.10Translation1. 这里一是指在多大程度上我们是可以主宰自己的命运的； 与之相对的是：在多大程度上我们受制于无法控制的外力。2. 那种征服广袤无垠的荒野的开拓者精神也许与人们普遍很有信心能够选择和改变自己命运有关系。3. 所期待、所强调的是行动、效率和成就。自由意志具有法律的地位并受到司法保护。4. 他们的这种宿命思想表现在他们面对失败或事故所做出的反应，此时，他们往往会说“没办法！”或“真倒霉！”，言外之意，这种不幸是命里注定的。5. 第二种人则认为，一切事物应随其自然；如果他们看到的不是这样，他们就会下这样的结论，即：第一种人没有尊崇自然法则，那种对能做到什么或改变什么的想法是狂妄，是强求，或者是对自然秩序的不敬。2006.3解析：虽然贫富差距不是一个新鲜话题，贫富差距日益加大却是进入21世纪以来的一个重要话题。贫富差距所产生的影响是多方面的，原因也很复杂，但是只要共同发展还是人类的美好愿望，行之有效地解决这个问题还是指日可待的。1)译文：全球财富中，世界上绝大多数人所能获得的份额在日益减少，而少数几个富人和富国所获得的份额却在稳步增长。分析：本句话的重点和难点在于对两处语言点collective wealth和claimed的理解上。考生易于把collective wealth译成“集体财富”，虽然从字面上来说是正确的，但是在这个语境中，译成“全球财富”更准确。而claim一词最常用的含义是“声称”，但是在该句中，claim的含义为to demand or ask for as ones own，即“要求或寻求归为己有”。2)译文：贫富差异日益加大所带来的影响包括对环境的破坏：富人和富国因财力充足而过度地消费资源；穷人和穷国为求生存而不得不过度地挖掘和掠夺环境。分析：本句结构简单，因此考生一般不会在结构分析上触礁，况且该句也没有有难度的单词，唯一影响该句翻译质量的因素就是中文表达的准确性。例如：afford to 本义为“供应得起”，但是把这个含义放到译文中去，即“供应得起过度消耗资源”，却会令读者感到别扭。在这个语境中，afford to 意为“因财力充足而有能力”。这个例子提醒考生在中文表达上要善于变通，切忌照搬单词的中文含义而造成译文的晦涩难懂。本句的主语They的处理方法有两种。第一种是把They直接译成“他们”，第二种是明确They的指代对象，将其译成“影响”。建议考生在翻译之前通读全文，把句首出现的代词所指代的内容译出来。3)译文：贫穷的群体一般都缺乏资金和技术，无力从事大规模的常规战争以达到自己的目的，因此常常诉诸于小型的对抗和恐怖活动。分析：考生在翻译该句时，常常在三个地方表达欠准确，它们是typically，conventional和lowintensity.考生常见的译法是“典型地”、“传统的”和“低密度”，这种译法流于僵硬和呆板，照搬词条上的解释而缺少深刻的理解和变通。建议译成“一般的”、“常规的”和“强度较小的”或者“小型的”。4)译文：但是，这些国家和个人可以不必如此毫无止境地贫困下去。分析：该句虽短，但是字字珠玑。理解的重点是need not和indefinitely.对于情态动词need not的理解准确与否决定本句的基调。need not或者neednt意为“不必”，而indefinitely意为“无限期地”。5)译文：执行“扶贫”政策，把来自世界工业发展欠发达地区的近50亿人都纳入到一个可持续经济发展的框架之下，将不仅造福于这50亿人，而且将极大地推动世界经济的发展。分析：主语较复杂是该句的特点，而主语的内容都限定在o.这个框架之下。其中的the less industrialized world“工业化不发达的国家”虽然容易理解，但是表述上却难倒了一些考生，有的将其译成“非工业化国家”，这种译法和原意是有差距的；而sustainable economy“可持续发展的经济”这类字眼在一般的英文报刊上的出现率不低，因此在阅读中扩大词汇量比单纯地背单词效果要好得多；而主语部分中的另一个难点就是pro-poor，这是大纲以外的一个词，对它的正确理解有赖于对上下文的把握。2007.3Translation 1. 我们的机器比以往任何时侯都要逼真，这有电脑各虚拟现实为证。我们却变得越来越像机器了，为断反复的运动失调症是造成工伤的首要原因。2. 过去的二十年里，尽管依然对科学的世界观顶礼膜拜，但是根本没有设想过可能存在的事实生物圈的生态威胁，使得公众们非常震惊。3. 日益明显的事实摆在面前：依靠我们现有的科技我们最终不能存活，但是如果没有这些科学技