毕业论文-肉铺加工厂HACCP体系的建立和实施.doc

塔里木大学生命科学学院食品质量管理结课论文食品质量管理结课论文肉铺加工厂HACCP体系的建立和实施学生姓名 学 号 所属学院 专 业 食品营养与检测 班 级 指导教师 日 期 2011年5月 肉铺加工厂HACCP体系的建立和实施摘要 肉脯具有营养丰富，携带方便，口感好等特点，深受消费者的喜爱，然而其微生物超标等质量问题已越来越成为消费者担忧和关注的焦点。HACCP是目前世界上最权威也受普遍认可的食品安全控制体系。肉脯加工厂通过建立和实施HACCP 体系，可以确保肉脯从原料肉验收、加工到流通过程中，安全危害得到有效的预防和控制。关键字：肉脯加工；HACCP；建立；实施Setting-up and Implementation of HACCP System for Dried-meat Processing FactorAbstract： Roufu with nutritious, easy to carry, good taste and other characteristics, the favorite of consumers, however, exceeded the microbiological quality problems have increasingly become the focus of consumer fears and concerns. HACCP is also affected by the worlds most widely recognized authority on food safety control system. Dried-meat processing plants through the establishment and implementation of the HACCP system to ensure Dried-meat from raw meat inspection, processing, distribution process, the effective safety hazard prevention and control.聆聽以拼音方式閱讀字典 - 檢視詳細字典Keyword：Dried-meat processing; HACCP; established; implementation肉干、肉脯是以畜、禽肉为主要原料，加以调味辅料，经烧煮烘烤等生产工艺加工制成的熟肉干制品，由于其营养丰富，携带方便，口感好，深受消费者的喜爱。但近年来，肉制品卫生安全问题也频敲警钟。如何加强管理，实施标准化生产，保证肉制品的质量，是生产企业必须解决的问题。1. HACCP是权威的食品安全预防性控制体系HACCP(Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point)简称危害分析与关键点控制，其理论起源于美国，是一个建立在食品生产中保证食品安全的预防性管理体系。目前，它的有效性已为世界所公认。B0CC7 体系，是以危害分析和关键控制点为两大监督支柱的卫生质量管理体系，它运用食品工艺学、微生物学、化学和物理学、质量控制和危险性评估等方面的原理和方法，对整个食品链，即食品原料的种植、饲养、收获、加工、流通和消费过程中存在和潜在的危害进行危险性评估，找出对最终产品质量影响的关键控制点，并采取相应的预防控制措施，在危害发生之前就控制它，为食品生产提供了一个比传统的终端检验更科学、更安全、更经济的安全卫生质量控制体系，具有易学好用、经济实用、风险性小的特点，是最权威也受普遍认可的食品安全控制体系。2. HACCP系统的7个基本原理21 进行危害分析(HA)所谓的危害是指在非受控下，具有能导致食品不安全消费的生物、化学或物理污染。故应从原料接收到成品完成的每个加工环节进行危害识别，列出所有可能的潜在危害，其中包括生物因素(如微生物) 、化学因素(如毒性物质)、物理因素(如碎玻璃)等，制出危害分析工作单。22 确定关键控制点(CCP)关键控制点(CCP)是指通过实施控制，从而对食品安全危害加以预防、消除或把它降低到消费者可以接受程度的一个加工点、步骤或工序。在危害分析过程中所确定的每一个显著危害，必须有一个或一个以上的对其进行控制的关键控制点，可以是一点控制多危害，或者是多点控制一危害。23 建立关键控制限值尽可能地对每一个CCP点确定关键控制限值。关键控制限值通常是用于控制危害的、生物的、化学的或物理的参数，如在食品加工中多采用的温度、湿度、时间、pH值、风速等，通常是一个或一组最大或最小值。每个CCP必须有一个或多个关键限值用于每个显著危害。24 确定关键控制点的监控程序监控是有计划、有顺序的观察或鉴定以判断CCP点是否受到控制，并有准确的监控记录，可用于未来的评价。监控可以指测量产品或加工过程的特性，以确定其是否符合关键限值，而且监控必须被设计用来提供快速结果，以确保产品在销售之前已开始采取适当的纠偏措施。25 确定当发生关键限值偏差时可采取的纠偏措施针对每一个CCP点都必须制定当偏差出现时所应采取的纠偏措施方案，使关键控制点重新得到控制。偏差的情况和产品处理过程必须记录到文件中，并保存在HACCP方案的文件记录体系中。26 建立有效的记录保持程序，用文件证明HACCP体系准确的记录保持是一个成功的HACCP计划的重要部分。记录提供关键限值得到满足或当超过关键限值时采取的适应的纠偏行动。同时，也提供一个监控手段，防止控制点失去控制。27 制定程序，用来验证HACCP体系的正确运行验证原理的正确制定和执行是HACCP计划成功实施的基础。验证的目的是提高置信水平，即：计划是建立在严谨的、科学的原则基础之上，它足以控制产品和工艺过程中出现的危害，而且这种控制措施正被有效执行着。3 建立HACCP计划的实施步骤CAC制定的HACCP体系及其应用准则、美国FDA的海产品法规和加拿大HACCP计划通用模式均推荐，建立HACCP计划可按13个连续步骤来进行，结合肉脯加工分述如下。31 设立HACCP工作小组肉脯加工厂应设立专门的HACCP工作小组。小组成员由负责产品质量控制、生产管理、卫生管理、设备维护、检验、采购、仓储和操作人员等各方面的人员组成，并设HACCP小组负责人。HACCP工作小组的职责主要是编制HACCP体系的各种文件，负责对企业的HACCP培训， 组织实施、管理、监督GMP、SSOP、HACCP计划等工作。小组成员必须经过GMP、SSOP、HACCP工作原理、建立实施HACCP步骤等的培训。32 进行产品描述对产品的描述应包括产品所有关键特性包括产品的主要成分，重要的产品性质，包装、贮运和贮藏条件，确定预期消费人群和消费方式等。33 确定预期用途产品系采用新鲜猪肉为原料，经分割、劈肉、拌料腌制、上披、烘干、烤制、分切、包装等工序加工而成，符合国家卫生标准的要求。 产品名称肉脯。 产品主要成分猪肉。 产品主要特性含水量3%，细菌总数1104个/g，大肠菌群30个/100g，致病菌（系指肠道致病菌及致病性球菌）不得检出。 消费对象一般大众。 消费方式可直接食用。 包装材料内包装采用塑料袋、食品盒，外包装为纸箱。 保质期360d。 贮藏、运输方式在常温下运输贮存，先进先出，在运输和贮藏过程中应保持运输工具和场地清洁干燥，通风良好，严防日晒雨淋，不得与有毒、有害、有腐蚀性、易挥发或有异味的物品接触。 销售方式常温、防暴晒。34 绘制肉脯加工工艺流程图配料验收配料 原料验收分割劈肉拌料腌制上披摊肉烘干揭披检验烤肉干分切冷却半成品包装检验内包装金属探测装箱入库。 内包装材料验收35 现场验证工艺流程和人流、物流图HACCP小组事先绘制肉脯加工工艺流程图、人流物流图等，然后验证绘制图与生产现场的符合性。当发现流程布局图纸绘制不正确时，HACCP小组应责成有关人员进行修正，确保加工流程图的正确性，并与现场实际状况相符。HACCP小组在进行现场验证时，重点应检查肉脯加工流程图是否缺漏，是否存在加工人员与原料肉交叉污染的可能性，这种交叉污染可能危及肉脯的卫生或影响加工人员的健康。必要时，修改流程或采取隔离的措施以防止交叉污染，任何验证及措施结果的记录均应予保留，直至认证机构的检查或官方的例行检查结束。36 进行危害分析肉脯加工危害分析见表1。37 确定关键控制点（CCP）对产品的每一加工步骤进行详细的危害分析，以确定产品加工过程中存在的生物、化学和物理性危害和显著危害，制定控制危害的措施。危害分析应包括产品加工前、加工过程及出厂后的所有步骤。在危害分析的基础上，根据不同产品的特点、配方、加工工艺、设备、GMP和SSOP的支持条件来具体确定关键控制点，肉脯加工HACCP计划表见表2。38 建立关键限值（CL） 对每一关键控制点列出的关键限值应能确定表明CCP 是可控制的，并满足相关国家标准的要求。关键限值通常可以从科学刊物、法规性指标、专家及实验室研究等获取。通常采用物理参数和可快速测定的化学参数。凡未注明具体限值依据的，根据生产厂产品特点和工艺要求试验自行确定。39 建立监控程序 对每一个关键控制点确定监控措施和监控步骤，以确保达到关键限值的要求。监控程序应包括：监控对象(项目)、监控方法(观察、仪器仪表测量等)、监控频率(每批、每小时)、监控人员(质管人员、操作者、化验员)，具体情况举例说明见表2。310 建立纠偏措施 HACCP的关键限值发生偏离时要立即上报CCP点的监控员发现某个.) 的关键限值发生偏离时，或日常验证中发现偏差时，应立即向部门主管及HACCP小组成员报告关键限值偏离情况，以便快速纠偏。 按规定采取快速纠偏措施HACCP小组人员应随即赶往现场，确认关键限值的偏离情况，组织实施预定的纠偏行动计划，并在不导致新的安全危害产生的前提下，尽快纠正和消除偏差的起因，重建加工控制；确定在CL值出现偏差时所生产的产品数量，并将这些产品隔离，以便纠偏行动的进行。 各CCP点CL值发生偏离时产品的评估处理 发现原料验收(CCP1)过程无药残合格声明或无兽医合格证，或药残合格声明或兽医合格证不符合要求时，拒收该批原料。 烤干工序若发现温度或时间发生偏离低于CL值，须立即确认并隔离上次检查合格至此次检查的时间的产品，并进行评估。若记录审核时发现时间不够，须立即确认并隔离偏差产品，留待评估。 金属探测器如在效能检测时发现不正常，须立即对其进行维修，同时对上次检查合格至此次检查期间的产品进行隔离，并重新进行金属探测。 HACCP小组应综合评估预定纠偏行动计划的实施成效，确认偏差的起因，提出长期的解决办法，以防止偏差再发生。当偏差重复出现或出现的偏差不在预定的纠偏行动计划控制之列时，应调整加工工艺或重新评估HACCP计划,并依评估的结果作出是否修订HACCCP计划的决定。 纠偏行动的实施过程应在“纠偏行动报告”上详细记录，并由HACCP小组负责保存，保存期限3年。311 建立验证程序 为了确保HACCP体系的运作，建立验证程序以确定HACCP计划的进行是否适合实际生产过程并且有效。验证的频次至少每年2次，内容包括：确认、各CCP点的验证、HACCP体系的验证和相关支持性程序文件、记录的验证。 确认确认内容如下。 HACCP体系前提条件即GMP规范、SSOP文件执行有效性的检查。 重新评估HACCP计划中危害分析工作的正确性。 评价当CCP点的设置是否合理，或可能方案的修正。 关键限值制定的相关法规依据及法规的搜集执行状况。 关键控制点监控方案的合理性依据，或可能监控频次的修正。 纠偏措施可行性依据及措施记录的审核。 记录的保存及记录复查的审核。 与HACCP体系相关的其他支持性程序文件执行状况的记录审核。确认由HACCP小组成员进行， 资格须具有HACCP原理的丰富知识，熟悉肉脯生产的相关法规、行政法规、流行性病学相关知识和肉脯相关卫生标准。确认的时机频次：在HACCP体系运行之前，对肉脯加工流程图及厂区平面图等进行审验时；重复出现某个关键控制点同样的偏差，纠偏措施效果不佳时；销售方法或消费方式发生改变，需进行重新确认时；肉脯加工流程发生改变时；原料或原料来源改变时；出现新的危害信息时。 各CCP点的验证 监控、纠偏措施记录的审核：按照HACCP计划表中规定的频次进行，审核监控记录的复查人和日期的正确性，并且复查人和表格记录人不可为同一人。 监控设备的校准：按照“监控设备的控制程序”中规定的检定频次进行，保存审核检定校准记录及周期检定计划。 取样检测：按照HACCP计划表中的规定对原料肉取样化验， 以进一步验证监控的可信度， 按SSOP文件规定要求对加工后的肉脯进行无菌取样微生物检测，由厂品管部化验室负责完成。 产品的验证：HACCP小组负责实施最终成品的检验。对出厂前的每批产品由品管处检验员按国家标准及企业标准实施最终产品的检验。终成品的检验可作为判断体系运行是否受控的工具，用于定期验证HACCP体系的有效性。 体系的验证 在工厂HACCP体系发布运行% 个月后，按支持性文件“内部审核程序”组织进行一次内部审核活动；以后每年至少组织两次。 验证的内容包括：与工厂相关的法律法规的搜集执行状况、GMP规范的执行况、SSOP 执行的状况、HACCP计划表的执行情况及效果评价。 由最高管理者组织，每年进行一次管理评审，以验证整个HACCP体系的有效性并持续改进。 HACCP体系和相关支持性程序文件、记录的复查审核验证。312 建立文件记录控制程序建立有关HACCP活动的文件记录控制程序，使HACCP活动相关文件均得以有效控制，防止使用失效或作废文件。对HACCP活动产生的记录进行控制，提供可追溯性程序，保存必要的证据，以利于数据分析和实现持续改进。建立HACCP体系的同时， 应按照CNAB-S152:2004基于HACCP的食品安全管理体系规范制定HACCP体的支持性文件，以满足规范的要求，并确保HACCP体系的有效实施。这些支持性文件包括：管理评审程序、内部审核程序、文件记录控制程序、培训程序、产品标识和可追溯性程序、产品回收程序、消费者投诉处理程序、应急准备和响应程序、不合格品控制程序、测量仪器控制程序、内外部沟通程序等。313 回顾HACCP计划 HACCP方法在经过一段时间的运行，或者也做了完整的验证，都有必要对整个实施过程进行回顾与总结，HACCP体系需要并要求建立这种回顾的制度。一般说，在对整个HACCP或某一点进行调整前，如原材料、产品、工艺、消费者使用等发生变化前，应对HACCP的过去进行回顾，特别是发生以下变化时：原料、产品配方发生变化时；加工体系发生变化时；工厂布局和环境发生变化时；加工设备改进时；清洁和消毒方案发生变化时；重复出现偏差，或出现新危害，或有新的控制方法时；包装、储存和发售体系发生变化时；人员等级和域职责发生变化时；假设消费者使用发生变化时；从市场供应上获得的信息表明有关于产品的卫生或腐败风险时。 对HACCP所做的回顾而形成的资料与数据，应形成文件并成为HACCP记录档案的一部分，还应将回顾工作所形成的一些正确的改进措施编入HACCP方法中，包括对某些CCP控制措施或规定的容差调整，或设置附加的新CCP及其监控措施。总之，在完成整个HACCP计划后，要尽快以草案形式成文，并在HACCP小组成员中传阅修改，或寄给有关专家征求意见，吸纳对草案有益的修改意见并编入草案中，经HACCP小组成员审核修改后形成最终文件，供有关部门审批或在企业质量管理中应用。参考文献 1河北省食品研究所，中华食品工业大辞典M.北京：中国食品出版社，1989.2冯叙桥，赵静.食品质量管理学M.北京：中国轻工。业出版社，2002.3汪学荣，等.HACCP系统在生猪屠宰加工中的应用. 肉类工业J.2003(6):3-5.4国家商检局肉禽食品卫生与检验编译组.肉禽食品卫生与检验M.杭州.浙江科学技术出版社，1994.5日天野庆之 肉制品加工手册M.北京：中国食品出版社，1993.。表1 肉脯加工危害分析表加工工序潜在危害潜在危害是否显著对第三栏的判定依据能用于显著危害的预防控制措施是什么该步骤是否关键控制点原料验收1.病毒、寄生虫致病菌污染2.药残3.金属碎片是 是是无检疫证明的原料肉可能带有疫病、寄生虫原料肉屠宰运输过程中可能污染致病菌猪在生长过程中可能使用兽药、促生长素原料肉屠宰、分割过程中可能混杂金属碎片拒收无检疫合格证明的原料肉后有烘干工序拒收无检验合格的原料肉后有金属探测是否是是分割1.致病菌污染致病菌生长2.消毒剂残留3.无否否是ssop控制时间很短，不发生ssop控制可能掺杂刀具碎片后有金属探测否否否劈肉1.致病菌污染2.消毒剂残留3.无否否是ssop控制ssop控制劈肉过程中可能掺杂刀具碎片后有金属探测否否否辅料验收1.无2.食品添加剂3.无否糖、盐、味精、天然香料不构成化学危害 否配料1.致病菌污染2.消毒剂残留3.无否否ssop控制ssop控制否否拌料研制1.致病菌污染2.消毒剂残留3.无否否ssop控制ssop控制否否上披摊肉1.致病菌污染2.消毒剂残留3.无否否ssop控制ssop控制否否烘干1.致病菌污染2.无3.无是温度和时间可能不足以安全杀灭致病菌后有烤干工序否揭披检验1.致病菌污染2.无3.无否ssop控制否烤干1.致病菌污染2.无3.无 是温度和时间控制不当可能导致致病菌残留严格控制烤干工序的温度和时间是分切1.致病菌污染2.消毒剂残留3.金属碎片否否是ssop控制ssop控制操作过程中可能混入金属碎片后有金属探测否否否冷却1.致病菌污染2.无3.无否ssop控制否半成品包装1.致病菌污染2.无3.无否ssop控制否挑杂1.致病菌污染2.消毒剂残留3.无否 否ssop控制ssop控制否否内包装验收1.致病菌污染2.化学污染3.无否否均为新包材，无发生历史，进厂后由SSOP控制包材采用食用级PET/CPT复合膜否否内包装1.致病菌污染2.消毒剂残留3.无 否否ssop控制ssop控制否否金属探测1.无2.无3.金属碎片 是原料或加工中混入后有金属探测是装箱1.无2.无3.无成品储存1.无2.无3.无成品出库1.无2.无3.无 注：1为生物危害；2为化学危害；3为物理危害表2 肉脯加工HACCP计划表关键控制点（ccp）显著危害关键限值监控Monitoring纠偏行动验证记录什么如何做频率谁原料肉验收（ccp1）疫病药残不得有疫病不高于相关标准兽医检疫合格证供应商药残合格声明检查确认每一批货原料验收拒收无兽医检疫合格证及药残合格声明或经检查不符合要求的原料 每批核查、审核验收记录 品管处对每一供应商的原料每月抽样送检1次 原料验收记录 纠偏行动报告烤肉干（ccp2）致病菌残存温度180时间70s烤炉转速550rmin温度表转速表肉眼观测每5min观测1次温度计及转速表。自动记录仪连续记录温度现场操作人员如温度或时间偏离低于CL值，将进行加工调整，产品将被隔离评估 每日审核记录 每年对温度表、转速器校准1次 每批产品的微生物检测 过程认真 烤肉干操作记录 纠偏行动记录 圆盘式自动温度记录金属探测（ccp3）金属碎片Fe1.5mmSuS2.5mm产品中的金属碎片用金属探测器检测连续监控每小时对金属探测器进行效能检测金属探测操作人员停止生产，修复金属探测器，确认偏离的产品，对偏离产品重新进行金属探测 每日核查金属探测记录 校准、维护金属探测器 金属探测记录 纠偏行动记录您好，为你提供优秀的毕业论文参考资料，请您删除以下内容，O(_)O谢谢！A large group of tea merchants on camels and horses from Northwest Chinas Shaanxi province pass through a stop on the ancient Silk Road, Gansus Zhangye city during their journey to Kazakhstan, May 5, 2015. The caravan, consisting of more than 100 camels, three horse-drawn carriages and four support vehicles, started the trip from Jingyang county in Shaanxi on Sept 19, 2014. It will pass through Gansu province and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, and finally arrive in Almaty, formerly known as Alma-Ata, the largest city in Kazakhstan, and Dungan in Zhambyl province. The trip will cover about 15,000 kilometers and take the caravan more than one year to complete. The caravan is expected to return to Jingyang in March 2016. Then they will come back, carrying specialty products from Kazakhstan A small art troupe founded six decades ago has grown into a household name in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. In the 1950s, Ulan Muqir Art Troupe was created by nine young musicians, who toured remote villages on horses and performed traditional Mongolian music and dances for nomadic families. The 54-year-old was born in Tongliao, in eastern Inner Mongolia and joined the troupe in 1975.He says there are 74 branch troupes across Inner Mongolia and actors give around 100 shows every year to local nomadic people. I can still recall the days when I toured with the troupe in the early 80s. We sat on the back of pickup trucks for hours. The sky was blue, and we couldnt help but sing the folk songs, Nasun says. The vastness of Inner Mongolia and the lack of entertainment options for people living there, made their lives lonely. The nomadic people were very excited about our visits, Nasun recalls. We didnt have a formal stage. The audience just sat on the grass. Usually, the performances became a big party with local people joining in. For him, the rewarding part about touring isnt just about sharing art with nomadic families but also about gaining inspiration for the music and dance. Ulan Muqir literally translates as red burgeon, and todays performers of the troupe still tour the regions villages and entertain nomadic families, but their fame has spread around the world. On May 16 and 17, nearly 100 singers and dancers from the troupe performed at Beijings Poly Theater. Their show, titled Ulan Muqir on the Grassland, depicted the history and development of the art troupe. Being from the region allowed me to embrace the culture of Inner Mongolia and being a member of the troupe showed me where I belonged, Nasun, the art troupes president, who is also a renowned tenor, tells China Daily. During a tour in 1985, he went to a village and met an elderly local man, who told him a story about his friendship with a solider from Shenyang, capital of Northeast Chinas Liaoning province, decades ago. The solider gave the old man a handmade saddle when they bid farewell. The story inspired Nasun to write Carved Saddle, a song that later became one of his most popular numbers. Now, every year, Nasun recruits young singers and dancers for the troupe. The troupe has also designed a new repertoire, which is mostly based on the daily lives of Mongolian people, especially the lives of nomadic families, and has combined contemporary musical elements with folk songs of the region. Haimu, a 25-year-old khoomei (a local variant of overtone singing) singer, joined the troupe three years ago. Along with a six-member band, he performs fast songs and soft ones that he writesall while playing the horse-head fiddle.Although I learned the piano since childhood and grew up listening to various kinds of music, to me, the folk music of Inner Mongolia is the root, he says. Performing in remote villages is pleasant. I feel at home on the boundless grasslands, and the warm people there make me feel fulfilled. The first round of spring auction season in Beijing ended last week, but it failed to create much spring in the art market. Although two pieces of Chinese painting fetched more than 100 million yuan, the decline in trading volume and sale rate showed a downturn this year. In the “Grand View: Chinese Painting Highlight” session at China Guardian 2015 spring auctions, Pan Tianshous representative work Eagle, Rock and Flora hit a record auction price of 279 million yuan, while Li Kerans masterwork Jinggang Mountain fetched 126.5 million yuan, an unexpected high in recent years. However, the trading volume fells to 1.87 billion yuan from 2.22 billion yuan in the same period the year before. The Huangchen 2015 Spring Auctions, which recorded 42.5 million yuan in total sales, experienced the same. The section number went down to 5 from 12 compared to last year. According to expert Shao Jianwu, the art market did not attract much excitement this year due to the booming stock market and the persistent problems of forgery and fake deals. The two pieces of Chinese painting notched up high price this spring due to their own value not due to a revival in the market. The successful transaction of two works with a hammer price of more than 100 million yuan once again confirms that valuable and rare works of high quality always earn the long-lasting high price. Chinese painting and calligraphy is still the pillar of the market. However, the overall sales rate has dropped slightly, which reflects the demand for the ordinary auction goods has weakened,” said the president of China Guardians Hu Yanyan. Besides, the entry of new buyers also makes certain changes to the direction of purchasing. In a word, the overall market trend is very unpredictable. Although China Guardian 2015 Spring Auctions has achieved remarkable results, it does not mean that the market has walked out of the predicament. We still have to wait for the big economic boom to invigorate the art market.” Even so, the hot pursuit of some special items appeared this spring. A special session of China Guardian Spring Auctions titled “Fine GiltBronze Buddhist Images” achieved a great deal with total sales volume of 41.89 million yuan and 92 percent sale rate. The 5th Shamar Rinpoche Statue from 16-17th century of Tibet was sold for 5.06 million yuan. The Beijing Chengxuan Auctions featured almost 2,800 items of coins and stamps in three sessions with good sale rate. The Huachen Auctions also set a special session of photographs under the condition of large-scale decline of auction sessions. There was a palpable dull thud of disappointment that accompanied the return of the imperial entourage of Zhen Huan to her homeland. It followed a couple years of hushed excitement as Chinese fans were fed tidbits about their proud concubine who was supposed to conquer the high ground of the North American market. Zhen Huan is, of course, the title character of The Legend of Zhen Huan, a 2011 television series that swept China off its feet and later took other Asian countries by storm. Two years ago, it was reported that HBO, a premium cable service headquartered in the United States, was going to air it in North America after some modification. Now, a condensed version that provides English subtitles but no dubbing has finally been made available on Netflix for online streaming. This version, highly anticipated as a milestone in Chinas cultural foray overseas, has been widely panned by its home audience. Retitled Empresses in the Palace, the American version has been shortened from its original 76 episodes at 45 minutes each, to six 90-minute episodes. The quick pacing threw off many native viewers, who are accustomed to a more leisurely daytime-soap-style narrative rhythm. (Chinese TV stations would run two or three episodes every day.) I did not finish the full-length version and found the truncated one not difficult to follow. Whats lost, I believe, are the interesting setups and pauses that illuminate the Chinese art of storytelling. Much of the plot is still there. It is the flavor that was sacrificed. The American edition uses the framework of the Empress Dowager in her senior years reminiscing at the beginning and the end of each episode, hinting at whats to come and recapping the key points. This device, not used in the original, is culturally understandable but artistically mediocre. What puzzles me is the two new songs for the opening and end credits. They were written in English, but sung by Chinese with an uncomfortable accent. They were obviously designed to appeal to an English-speaking base, but do not jibe with the Chinese dialogue. Speaking of the dialogue, the English trans