《无老师托福词汇》word版.doc

gradual其实就等于slow。考托福的时候，千万别忘了哦_/ grdul; rdl/ adj (a) taking place by a series of small changes over a long period; not sudden 逐渐的; 渐变的: gradual decline, progress, etc 逐渐的衰落 进步等 * a gradual increase, decrease, recovery 逐渐的增加 减少 恢复. (b) (of a slope) not steep （指斜坡）不陡峭的, 和缓的: a gradual rise, fall, incline, etc 渐起 渐落 渐降. gradually / -dul; -dl/ adv in a gradual way; by degrees 逐渐地; 逐步地: Things gradually improved. 情况已逐渐改善.gradualness n U. tooto正确的翻译方式应该是“太而不应该”当这么来看的时候，我们就该知道，这里用tooto实在是不合适。因此The woman is too old to carry thd box。正确的翻译应该是“这个女人岁数太大了，而不应该去搬那个箱子。” 其实Well-being就是“幸福生活”的意思。留学追求的是什么？好像追求的是一个学位。而一个学位，我们要的又是什么呢？想一想，要的就应该是生活吧。而Well-being应该就是我们活着的最终目的吧_ Successor “继任者”。/ skses(r); skss/ n (to sb/sth) person or thing that comes after and takes the place of (sb/sth) 接替的人或事物; 後继者; 继任者; 继承人: the successor to the throne 王位的继承人 * appoint a successor to the headmaster 任命继任校长 * This car is the successor to our popular hatchback model. 这种汽车是我厂着名的带上掀式斜背小轿车的换代产品. Cf 参看 predecessor. ：considerable：相当多的; 相当大的/ knsdrbl; knsdrbl/ adj great in amount or size 相当多的; 相当大的: a considerable quantity, sum, distance, etc 相当大的数量 数目 距离等 * bought at considerable expense 花很多钱买到的. considerably / -bl; -bl/ adv much; a great deal 非常; 很; 相当地: Its considerably colder this morning. 今早冷得多. subject to=遭受.，受支配, 从属于一共3个意思a.如果某人或者某物受某些事物支配，尤其是不好的事物，可能那些从属物会受到它的影响（它指上面的从属于后的事物）列句：所有飞机都遭到延时。价格受变化支配（影响）。b.如果某些事物从属于一些事物，比如“approval”，依赖与事物发生前它是可以发生的（解释为可以.的）c.从属于规则/法律/税等，如果你服从规章/法律/税等，你一定要遵守规则或者付一定数量的钱。 -违犯者遭受100美圆的处罚。 withstand翻译错了，正确的意思应该是“经得住”“承受”的意思。/ wstnd, also ws-; wstnd, ws-/v (pt, pp withstood / -stud; -std/) Tn (often fml 常作文雅语) endure (sth) without giving in, collapsing, wearing out, etc; resist 承受住（某事物）; 抵住: withstand attacks, pressure, wind 禁得住攻击 压力 风吹 * shoes that will withstand hard wear 耐穿的鞋. 一定要记住DRAMATIC这个单词在英文之中绝大多数情况下，表达的是“剧烈的”。attrib 作定语 of drama 戏剧的: a dramatic society 戏剧协会 * The play is a dramatic representation of a real event. 这出话剧改编自真人真事.exciting or impressive 戏剧性的; 激动人心的; 给人深刻印象的: dramatic changes, developments, news 激动人心的变化 发展 消息 * Her opening words were dramatic. 她的开场白十分动听. dramatically / -kl; -kl/ adv: Her attitude changed dramatically. 她的态度突然大大改变.dramatics n usu sing v 通常与单数动词连用1 study or practice of acting and producing plays 戏剧表演和创作的研究或实践: amateur dramatics 业余戏剧活动.2 (derog 贬) exaggerated or over-emotional behaviour 夸张的或过分激动的行为: Ive had enough of your dramatics. 我看够你装腔作势的表现了.# dra,matic irony effect produced in a drama, etc when the audience understands the implications of words or actions better than the characters do themselves 戏剧性讽示（一种戏剧效果, 观众领会到剧中人言行的含义而剧中人本身却未领会到）. 当我们看到since这个单词的时候第一反应往往是“自从”的意思。但是一定要注意这个单词在托福考试之中，你的第一反应一定是“因为”的意思，如果不对的话，再看看是否是“自从”的意思。这个是托福考试一个考察的绝对重点！/ sns; sns/ prep (used with the present or past perfect tense 与现在完成时态或过去完成时态连用) from (a specified time in the past) till a later past time, or till now 从（过去某时间）以来 以後或到现在: I havent eaten since breakfast. 我吃了早饭後到现在还什麽都没吃呢. * Shes been working in a bank since leaving school. 她中学毕业後就一直在一家银行工作. * He had spoken to her only once since the party. 自从那次聚会以来, 他只跟她说过一次话. since conj(used with the present perfect, past perfect or simple present tense in the main clause 与主句中的现在完成时态 过去完成时态或一般现在时态连用) from (a specified event in the past) till a later past event, or till now 从（过去某事）以来以後或到现在: Where have you been since I last saw you? 自从我上次见到你以後, 你到哪儿去了? * It was the first time Id won since Id learnt to play chess. 自从我学会下国际象棋以来, 这是我第一次赢. * How long is it since we visited your mother? 自从我们看望你母亲以来到现在有多长时间了?because; as 因为; 既然; 由於: Since weve no money we cant buy a new car. 因为我们没钱, 没法买新汽车.(idm 习语) ever since =ever. since adv (used with the present or past perfect tense 与现在完成时态或过去完成时态连用) from a specified time in the past till a later past time, or till now 从过去某时间以来以後或到现在: He left home two weeks ago and we havent heard from him since. 他两星期以前离开了家, 到现在我们一直没有他的消息. * She moved to London last May and has since got a job on a newspaper. 她去年五月到伦敦, 此後一直在报社工作. approach/ prut; prot/ vI, Tn come near or nearer to (sb/sth) in space or time （在空间或时间上）接近, 靠近（某人某事物）: The time is approaching when we must think about buying a new house. 我们要想一想买新房子的事了, 时机即将来临. * As you approach the town the first building you see is the church. 接近那座城镇的时候, 首先看到的就是教堂.Tn be similar in quality or character to (sb/sth) （在性质或特点上）接近（某人某事物）: Few writers even begin to approach Shakespeares greatness. 莎士比亚的伟大, 鲜有作家能望其项背.Tn go to (sb) for help or support or in order to offer sth （为求助或提供某事物）接近（某人）: approach ones bank manager for a loan 找银行经理寻求贷款 * approach a witness with a bribe 前去贿赂目击者 * I find him difficult to approach, ie not easy to talk to in a friendly way. 我觉得他很难接近（不好谈话）.Tn begin to tackle (a task, problem, etc) 着手处理（事务 难题等）: Before trying to solve the puzzle, let us consider the best way to approach it. 要想解决这一难题, 咱们先来考虑一下如何着手方为上策. approach n1 sing act of approaching 接近: Heavy footsteps signalled the teachers approach. 沉重的脚步声显示教师已经走近了. * At her approach the children ran off. 她走近的时候, 孩子们都跑了.2 C to sth thing resembling sth in quality or character 性质或特点相似的事物: Thats the nearest approach to a smile he ever makes. 那已算是他能做出的最近乎微笑的表示了.3 C way leading to sth; path; road 通路; 进路; 道路: All the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops. 通往宫殿的所有道路都有部队把守. * attrib 作定语 Police are patrolling the major approach roads to the stadium. 警察正在通往运动场的主要通路上巡逻.4 C way of dealing with a person or thing 方法; 手段: a new approach to language teaching 语言教学的新方法.5 C attempt to reach agreement or become friendly with sb （想与某人商议或亲近的）尝试, 意图: The club has made an approach to a local business firm for sponsorship. 俱乐部已试探向本地一家公司寻求资助. * She resented his persistent approaches. 他一再地表示亲近使她很反感.6 C final part of an aircrafts flight before landing 进场（飞机着陆前的最後飞行阶段）: the approach to the runway 进入跑道的进场飞行.7 C (in golf) stroke from the fairway to the green （高尔夫球赛中）从外野击向球穴区草地.8 (idm 习语) easy/difficult of approach (fml 文) easy/difficult to talk to in a friendly way 平易近人的难於接近的.approachable adj 1 (of people or things) that can be approached （指人或物）可接近的 : The village is only approachable from the south. 这个村子只有从南边才能到达. 2 friendly and easy to talk to 和蔼可亲的. approachability / prutblt; protblt/ n U. game这个单词出现多少次呢？Magic Time：33次！C (a) form of play or sport with rules 游戏; 运动: popular childrens games 儿童喜爱的游戏 * a game of chance/skill 一种碰运气的赛技巧的游戏. (b) instance of this 游戏; 运动: to play a game of chess, football, hide-and-seek, etc 下棋 踢足球捉迷藏 * Lets have a game of snooker. 咱们打一局台球吧. =Usage at sport 用法见sport.games pl (a) athletics or sport as part of a school curriculum （学校的）体育活动: Mary never played games at school. 玛丽在学校从不参加体育活动. (b) (also the Games) (international) athletic contests （国际）体育比赛, 运动会: the Olympic/Commonwealth/Highland Games 奥林匹克英联邦/苏格兰高地运动会.C part of a game (eg tennis or bridge) that forms a scoring unit （网球或桥牌的）一局, 一盘, 一场: We need another twenty points to make game, ie in bridge. 我们需再打20分才够一局（桥牌）. * They lost the first game of the second set, ie in tennis. 他们在第二盘中输了第一局（网球赛）. * (one) game all, two games all, etc, ie each player or team has won one game, two games, etc 各赢一局 各赢两局等 * Game, set and match (to), ie The tennis match has been won (by) 赢得这局 盘 场网球赛的是 * attrib 作定语 game point, ie stage in a competition when one point is needed to win the game （比赛中）决胜的一分.C set of equipment for playing a game （游戏或运动的）器材: My uncle always gives us a board game for Christmas. 我叔叔每逢圣诞节总要送给我们一副棋.C (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) (a) secret and cunning plan; trick 诡计; 计谋; 花招: So thats his (little) game! ie Now I know what he has been planning. 原来那就是他的鬼点子! * I wish I knew what her game is, ie what she is planning to do. 但愿我知道她打的是什麽主意. (b) type of activity or business 活动类型; 行业: the publishing game 出版业 * the game of politics 政治工作 * How long have you been in this game? 你从事这一行业有多久了?U (flesh of) wild animals or birds hunted for sport or food 猎物; 野兽或野禽的肉: attrib 作定语 game pie 野味馅饼.(idm 习语) beat sb at his own game = beat1. easy game = easy1. fair game = fair1. fun and games = fun. the ,game is not worth the candle (saying 谚) the advantages to be gained from doing sth are not worth the trouble, expense, etc involved 不值得做; 得不偿失. the game is up (usu said to or by a wrongdoer when he is caught 抓到做坏事者时说的话或做坏事者被抓到时的自语) your/our crime, trickery, etc has been discovered 事情已败露了; 你我们完蛋了. a game that two can play; two can play at that game (that is a) wrongdoing or trick that a victim can copy in return 那一套你会我也会. give the game away carelessly reveal a secret 不慎泄露秘密; 露马脚. the luck of the game = luck. a mugs game = mug2. the name of the game = name1. (be) ,off ones game unable to play as well as usual 竞技状态不佳; 发挥失常. (be) on the game (sl 俚) involved in prostitution or thieving 卖淫; 行窃. play a cat-and-mouse game with sb = cat1. play the game (a) play according to the rules 按规矩办事; 遵守规则. (b) (fig 比喻) act in a fair or honourable way 办事公道; 光明正大: John only pretends to do his share of the work; hes just not playing the game. 约翰只是装成做他那份工作, 实际上并不真心好好干. play sbs game act so as to further sbs plans intentionally or unintentionally 有意或无意地促进某人 的计画: She didnt realize that by complaining she was only playing Peters game. 她未曾想发牢骚无形中反倒帮了彼得的忙. a waiting game = wait1.# game bird bird that is hunted and killed for food or sport 可捕猎的鸟. =illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v.gamecock n cock bred for cock-fighting 斗鸡.gamekeeper n man employed to breed and protect game birds on an estate 猎禽看守人（繁殖和保护猎禽者）.game reserve area of land reserved for the breeding and protection of game1(6) 猎物繁殖和保护区.gamesmanship n U art of winning games by upsetting the confidence of ones opponent 比赛中藉挫伤对手自信心以取胜的策略.game-warden n person employed to manage a game reserve （猎物繁殖与保护区的）管理员, 经理人. game 2/ gem; em/ adj (for sth/to do sth) eager and willing to undertake sth risky; brave 跃跃欲试的; 有冒险精神的; 勇敢的: Wholl climb up to get it? Im game (to try). 谁愿意爬上去把它拿下来?我来（试试）. * Hes always game for an adventure. 他一向热衷於冒险. gamely adv: fight, struggle, etc gamely, ie bravely but perhaps unsuccessfully 暴虎冯河地战斗 斗争等（勇敢, 但未必成功）. game 3/ gem; em/ adj (dated infml 旧, 口) lame; crippled (esp in the leg) 残疾的; （尤指）瘸的, 跛的: He is game in the leg/has a game leg. 他腿瘸有一只瘸腿. Cf 参看 gammy. physical这个单词指的就是我们的“身体的”，of or concerning material things (contrasted with moral or spiritual matters) 物质的（与道德的或精神的相对）: the physical world, universe, etc 物质世界 宇宙等.(a) of the body 身体的; 肉体的: physical fitness, well-being, strength, etc 健康 安康 体力 * physical exercise, eg walking, running, playing sports 体育活动 * physical education, eg athletics, gymnastics, games, etc 体育 * (Brit infml 口) physical jerks, ie gymnastics 体操. (b) bodily 身体的: physical presence 亲临.of or according to the laws of nature 自然规律的; 按自然法则的: It is a physical impossibility to be in two places at once. 同时身处两地在自然法则上是不可能的. * physical necessity 自然法则的必然性.attrib 作定语 of the natural features of the material world 物质世界的自然特徵的: physical geography, ie geography of the earths structure 自然地理学 * a physical map, ie one showing mountains, rivers, etc 自然地理图.attrib 作定语 of or concerning physics 物理的; 物理学的: physical chemistry, ie use of physics in the study of chemistry 物理化学 * physical science 物理学.(infml euph 口, 婉) using violence; treating roughly 使用暴力的; 粗暴对待的: Are you going to co-operate or do we have to get physical? 你是跟我们合作呢还是要我们动武? physical n (infml 口) medical examination to see if one is fit 体格检查.physically / -kl; -kl/ adv (a) bodily 身体上: physically exhausted, fit, handicapped 身体疲劳 健康 残疾 * attack sb physically 攻击某人身体. (b) according to the laws of nature 根据自然法则: physically impossible 按照自然法则不可能.Adamic, Circean, actual, aerophysical, animal, animalistic, astrophysical, atavistic, beastlike, beastly, bestial, bodily, born, brutal, brute, brutish, carnal, carnal-minded, check, checkup, coarse, coeval, concrete, congenital, connatal, connate, connatural, constitutional, corporal, corporeal, earthly, earthy, elemental, elementary, fallen, fleshly, genetic, gross, hereditary, hylic, in the blood, inborn, inbred, incarnate, indigenous, inherited, innate, instinctive, instinctual, lapsed, lusty, manifest, material, materialistic, materiate, mortal, native, native to, natural, natural to, nonspiritual, objective, organic, orgiastic, palpable, phenomenal, physical examination, postlapsarian, primal, real, secular, sensible, solid, somatic, spot check, substantial, swinish, tangible, temperamental, temporal, true, unspiritual, visceral, worldly landscape这个单词，在实际应用之中实际上应为“地容，地貌”之意，各位切记！C scenery of an area of land （陆上）风景, 景色: a bleak urban landscape 单调的市区景色 * Mountains dominate the Welsh landscape. 重峦叠嶂构成威尔士的主要景色.(a) C picture showing a view of the countryside 野外风景画: an exhibition of landscapes by local artists 本地画家的野外风景画展. (b) U this type of art 风景绘画. Cf 参看 portrait 1.(idm 习语) a blot on the landscape = blot1. landscape v Tn improve the appearance of (a garden, park, etc) by means of landscape gardening 用园林艺术美化（花园 公园等）.# ,landscape gardening laying out a garden, etc in a way that imitates natural scenery 造园术; 园林艺术. HOLD/PROPOSE/DEEM都表示“认为，提出”的意思。hold 1/ huld; hold/ v (pt, pp held / held; hld/)Tn, Tn.pr take and keep or support (sb/sth) in ones arms, hands, teeth, etc 拿住, 抓住, 抱住, 咬住, 托住, 支撑住（某人某物）: The girl was holding her fathers hand. 那女孩抓住她父亲的手. * The lovers held each other tight. 这一对情侣紧紧地搂抱着. * They were holding hands, ie holding each others hands. 他们手握着手. * She was holding an umbrella. 她拿着一把伞. * She held me by the sleeve. 她抓住我的袖子. * She was holding the baby in her arms. 她抱着婴儿. * He held the rope in his teeth as he climbed the tree. 他爬树时用牙齿咬着绳子.Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t (fml 文) believe, consider or regard 相信; 认为; 视作: I hold that the governments economic policies are mistaken. 我认为政府的经济政策是错误的. * I hold the parents responsible for their childs behaviour. 我认为父母应对子女的行为负责. * I hold him to be a fool. 我认为他是个傻瓜.propose/ prpuz; prpoz/ vTn, Tf, Tg offer or put forward (sth) for consideration; suggest 提议, 建议（某事物）: The motion (ie for debate) was proposed by Mr X and seconded by Mrs Y. 那动议经X先生提出有Y夫人附议. * The committee proposed that new legislation should be drafted. 委员会建议着手起草新法规. Cf 参看 second3 2.I, Ipr, Tn, Dn.pr (sth) (to sb) suggest or offer marriage (to sb), esp formally （向某人）求婚（尤指正式地）: He was trying to decide whether he should propose (to her). 他反覆思量是否该（向她）求婚. * He had proposed marriage, unsuccessfully, twice already. 他已经两次求婚, 均未成功.(idm 习语) propose sbs health/a toast ask people to drink to sbs health and happiness 提议为某人的健康和幸福而乾杯: I should like to propose a toast to the bride and bridegroom. 我提议为新娘新郎的幸福乾杯./ dim; dim/ v Tf, Tnt esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Cn.a esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Cn.n (fml 文) consider; regard 认为; 视为: He deemed that it was his duty to help. 他认为他有责任加以援助. * She was deemed (to be) the winner. 人们认为是她获胜. * It is deemed advisable. 这认为是可取的. * I deem it a great honour to be invited to address you. 要我向诸位讲几句话, 我觉得非常荣幸. Current，在托福考试之中，很显然“流”这个概念的考察，是与“现代的”这个概念的考察是并驾齐驱的。而且我们还要注意“流”的概念可以非常广泛，不仅仅是水流，还可以是“现金流”，“电流”等广义上的流。/ krnt; knt/ adjusu attrib 通常作定语 of the present time; happening now 现在的; 现行的; 当前发生的: current issues, problems, prices 目前的议题问题 价格 * the current issue of a magazine 最新一期的杂志 * the current year, ie this year 今年 * current events in India 印度的要闻 * her current boy-friend 她现在的男朋友.in common or general use; generally accepted 通用的; 通行的; 被普遍接受的: current opinions, beliefs, etc 普遍的看法信仰等 * words that are no longer current 已不通用的词 * a rumour that is current (ie widely known) in the city 在城里广为传播的谣言. =Usage at new 用法见new. currently adv at the present time 当前; 时下: our director, who is currently in London 本公司的董事, 现在伦敦.# ,current account (esp Brit) (US checking account) bank account from which money can be drawn without previous notice 活期存款账户. Cf 参看 deposit account (deposit2), savings account (saving).,current affairs events of political importance happening in the world at the present time 时事.,current assets (commerce 商) assets which change in the course of business (eg money owed) 流动资产. Cf 参看 fixed assets (fix1). current 2/ krnt; knt/ nC movement of water, air, etc flowing in a certain direction through slower-moving or still water, air, etc （水 气等的）流, 流动: The swimmer was swept away by the current. 那个游泳的人被激流卷走了. * She had to swim against the current. 她必须逆着水流往上游. * Currents of warm air keep the hang-gliders aloft. 悬挂式滑翔机藉着暖气流在高空飞行.U, sing flow of electricity through sth or along a wire or cable 电流: a 15-amp current 强度为15安培的电流 * Turn on the current. 接通电源. * A sudden surge in the current made the lights fuse. 电压突然增加烧断了保险丝而使电灯熄灭. Cf 参看 alternating current (alternate2), direct current (direct1).C course or movement (of events, opinions, etc); trend （事件 见解等的）趋向, 趋势, 倾向: Nothing disturbs the peaceful current of life in the village. 没有任何事干扰村里一向平静的生活. * We must try to counteract the present current of anti-government feeling. 我们应该努力消除目前的这股反政府情绪. 在托福之中呢，carbon dioxide会溶在水中，会与雨水结合，会变成酸，会形成钟乳石，它就好像是齐天大圣一样变化无穷。当我们绝望的时候，看一下碳，他从来没有感叹过世界对他的不公，但是恰恰就因为这一点，他一直留在这个世界上，不管以什么形式存在，他仍然是这个世界的主宰。不管你是善于遗忘，还是善于原谅，踏踏实实的把眼前的事情做好，这个世界总会有你的立锥之地，这就是Carbon告诉我们的。non-metallic chemical element that is present in all living matter and occurs in its pure form as diamond and graphite 碳. =App 10 见附录10.C stick of carbon used in an electric arc lamp 炭精棒（用於电弧光灯）.C = carbon paper.C = carbon copy. carbonize, -ise v Tn convert (sth) into carbon by burning 将（某物）烧成碳; 碳化. carbonization, -isation / kbnazen; US -nz-; krbnzen/ n U.# carbon black black powder made by partly burning oil, wood, etc, and used as a colouring or in the manufacture of r