[英语四六级]四级英语语法.doc

基础语法 2012英语四级考试基础语法-倒装练习倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装全部倒装：当首句为方位或时间副词，谓语动词为go，come等时通常用全部倒装。 如果句首出现了地点状语，句子也可以进行全部倒装。 当句子当中出现分词结构的时候，可以把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首， 把be 动词留在中间当作谓语动词，主语放在后面。部分倒装：1、当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，这个句子就需要部分倒装 。2、当句首为only加状语的时候，这个句子需要部分倒装。3、so.that 结构中的so位于句首时，常引起部分倒装 。4、句子开头的as 处在第二个单词的位置上，表示虽然的意思。5、常见的固定搭配结构中需要用倒装的情况。 hardly.when.； scarcely .when. ；no sooner.than.： hardly，scarcely，no sooner 后面一定要用过去完成时，when 后面用一般过去时；the more .the more. 越.越. ；实例练习（1）：（1）：1.直到他完成使命（Not until he had fufilled/finished his mission）did he realize that he was seriously ill.2. The witness was told that under no circumstance ( should he lie to the court ) 他都不应该对法庭撒谎。3. Only in the small town( does he feel secure and relaxed) 他才感觉安全和放松。he feels secure and relaxed.4. Not only ( did he charge me too much ) 他向我收费过高, but he didnt do a good repair job either. 5. Only after I found out the truth( did I realize (that) he was innocent ) 我才意识到他是无辜的。 6. Not until the game had begun ( did he arrive at the sports ground )他才到达运动场。（2）：1. Among the report are more outrageous（令人无法容忍的）findings - a Geman fertilizer described itself as earthworm-friendly, a brand of flour said it was non- polluting, and a British toilet paper claimed to be environmentally friendlier.（05.06阅读） 该报道当中，有很多让人无法忍受的发现，如：一种德国肥料被描绘成“对蚯蚓无害”；一种新的品牌的面粉写道“没有任何污染”；还有一家英国公司的卫生纸被宣称为“环保者”。2. Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become me reply to any and all provocations: I dont talk about that anymore.（07.06阅读） 几年前的一天，我说了一句话并最终成为我对任何和全部挑衅的回答：关于那个问题我再也不讨论了。 3. Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern business people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. （03.01阅读） 与新技术息息相关的是一些现代商人，他们日益看重国外生意的经济价值。实例练习（2）：1. Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.（06.12阅读） 萃取自加拿大纽芬兰沿岸冰山的“冰水”在北美的受欢迎程度一再创出新高。阅读当中遇到的句型：一般情况下开始出现了地点状语或者是分词引导的一个状语结构，中间出现了谓语动词，后面出现一个主语，主语后面接上一些限定（包括从句、补充说明等），这种形式就是出现的全部倒装的形式。 2. Not only has the highway systerm affected the American economy by providing shipping routs, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers/malls. （0606阅读） 公路系统不但为美国经济的发展提供了运输路线，还带动了一批诸如加油站、汽车旅馆、酒店、购物中心等相关行业的发展。 3. Only when its gone do you wish youve done more to protect it.（0806阅读） 当你失去的时候，你才会希望自己原来能够多做点事情以保护好它。 only后面必须接状语的时候，句子才可以部分倒装。 eg. Only you can do this job. 4. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for deprssion and other psychological and social issues related to chronic pain.（0706阅读） 我们不仅要找出疼痛的病因，帮助我们更好地治疗；还要提供综合疗法，治疗与慢性疼痛相关的抑郁症和其他心理与社交问题。5. Had I not attended this workshop, I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel.（0906阅读） 如果我不是参加了这次讲习班，我肯定会不由自主地认为那位男士候选人更合适，因为我们这个空缺的岗位需要频繁出差。 6. It is said that never before has man been so highly successful in his attempts to modify the weather on a very small scale. 据说人们从来没有过这么大的成功尝试用这么小的规模去描述气候。一般情况下，全部倒装会在阅读中出现，只需要看出结构就可以了；部分倒装在翻译题中也会进行考查，在备考过程中还是要特别的关注。否定：全部否定和部分否定：eg. All the birds can not fly. Not all the birds can fly. 不是所有的鸟都会飞。1. 部分否定 eg. All the birds can not fly. 并非所有的鸟都会飞。 None of the birds can fly. 所有的鸟都不会飞。代词或副词如all, both，every，everybody，every day， everyone，everything，everywhere等与not搭配使用时，表示部分否定，意思为“并非都是等。 eg. All is not gold that glitters. 发光的并非都是金子。= Not all is gold that glitters.2. 全部否定英语中常用not, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, neither, never等表示全部否定的概念。 eg. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 eg. W: Daddy, I ve decided to give up science and go to business school. M: Well, it is your choice as long as pay your own way, but I should warn you that not everyone with a business degree will make a successful manager. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? A. The man doesnt have money for his daughters graduate studies. B. The man doesnt think his daughter will get a business degree. C. The man insists that his daughter should pursue her studies in science. D. The man advises his daughter to think carefully before making her decision.实例练习：1M: Wow, thats a big assignment weve got for the psychology class. W: Well , its not as bad as it looks. It isnt due until Thursday morning.Q: What does the women mean?。A. The assignment looks easy but actually its quite difficult.B. The assighment is too difficult for them to complete on time. C. They cannot finish the assighment until Thursday. D.They have plenty of time to work on the assighment.2 M: I ran into our friend Mark yesterday on the street and he said he hadnt heard from you for two months.W: Yes, I know. But Ive been too busy to phone him.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation? A. The man saw Mark on the street two months ago. B. The woman had forgotten Marks phone number. C. The woman made a phone call to Mark yesterday. D.Mark and the woman had not been in touch for some time.阅读当中： eg. Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too wague or too misleading to meet ISO standards.调查者将约2，000种产品上所标有的环保声明记录了下来，发现许多声明要么过于模糊，要么误导性太强，都不符合ISO 标准。 eg. Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise. said Dr.Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on t