2013新托福作文写作必备词语句型34种错误分析与高分模板.doc

2013新托福作文写作必备词语句型34种错误分析与高分模板2013新托福写作巧用基本句式得高分1、表示原因1)There are three reasons for this。2)The reasons for this are as follows。3)The reason for this is obvious。4)The reason for this is not far to seek。5)The reason for this is that.。例如 There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place inourlife。Firstly,peoples living standard has been greatly improved。Secondly,most people are well paid,and they can afford what they need or like。Last but not least,more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life。2、表示好处1)It has the following advantages。2)It does us a lot of good。3)It benefits us quite a lot。4)It is beneficial to us。5)It is of great benefit to us。例如： Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better,and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore,reading extensively is of great benefit to us。3、表示坏处1)It has more disadvantages than advantages。2)It does us much harm。3)It is harmfulto us。例如：However,everything dividesinto two.Television can also4、表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1)It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient,possible)for sb.to do sth。2)We think it necessary to do sth。3)It plays an important role in our life。例如： Computers are now being used everywhere,whether in the government,in schools or in business.Soon,computers will be found in every home,too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age。5、表示措施1)We should take some effective measures。2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties。3)We should do our utmost in doing sth。4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with。例如：The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious.Therefore,we must take some effective measures to solve it。这些句型都是各位托友熟悉的句型，大家只要反复造句，反复运用，很快就会运用自如了。在托福考试中，利用这些句式进行组合，就可以表达清楚观点，写出逻辑清晰有条理的托福作文了。2012新托福作文高分必备60词新托福考试作文高分评判标准之一，就是看你对于词汇的驾驭能力，这里的“驾驭”指的不光指你的单词量有多大，还包括你的词汇用的有多么的准确。这种准确就像是东北人听到了“俺们”，北京人听到了“有范”，上海人听到了“晓得伐?”，广东人听到了”点解“。换句话说，就是“地道”。要想使自己的托福作文原汁原味，你需要运用美国人在生活中常用的词汇，当你把这些词汇融入你的作文之中的时候，那么你的作文就会给人一种亲切的感觉，这也就是高分托福作文的境界。下面，以下为您提供托福作文高分词汇60个，请注意，等号前面的是实际使用的，等号后面的是中国学生经常使用的单词。aid=assist(帮助，援助)alter=change or modify(改变)ask=inquire(询问)assail=denounce(谴责)axe=dismissreduce(解雇，减少)balk=impede(阻碍)ban=prohibit or forbid(禁止)bar=prevent(防止，阻止)bare=expose or reveal(暴露，揭露)blast=explode(爆炸)begin=commence(开始)bid=attempt(努力)bilk=cheat(欺骗)bolt=desert or abandon(放弃)boost=increase(增加，提高)check=examine(检查)claim=ause the death of(夺去的生命)clash=disagree strong1y(发生分歧，争议)curb=control or restrict(控制)dip=decIlne or decrease(下降)ease=lessen(减轻，缓和)end=terminate(结束，中止)flay=criticize(批评)flout=insult(侮辱)foil=prevent from(阻止，防止)grill = investigate(调查) gut=destroy(摧毁)head=direct(率领)hold=arrest(逮捕)laud=praise(赞扬)lop=diminish(下降，减少)map=work out(制订)mark=celebrate(庆祝)name=appointnominate(命名，提名)moot=discuss(讨论)mull=consider(考虑)nab=arrest(逮捕)nip=defeat(击败)ease=lessen(减轻，缓和)end=terminate(结束，中止)flay=criticize(批评)flout=insult(侮辱)foil=prevent from(阻止，防止)grill = investigate(调查)gut=destroy(摧毁)head=direct(率领)hold=arrest(逮捕)laud=praise(赞扬)lop=diminish(下降，减少)map=work out(制订)mark=celebrate(庆祝)name=appointnominate(命名，提名)moot=discuss(讨论)mull=consider(考虑)nab=arrest(逮捕)nip=defeat(击败)slay=murder(谋杀)soar=skyrocket(急剧上升)spur=encourage(激励，鞭策)swap=exchange(交流，交换)sway=influence(影响)trim=reduce(削减)vie=compete(竞争)vow=determine(决心，发誓)weigh=consider(考虑)2013托福考试写作常用词组50条英文写作反映考生综合运用英语语言的能力，只有在宏观和微观两个方面都把握得当才能构成一篇完美的TOEFL作文。这里的宏观是就一篇文章的框架结构而言的，而微观是指一篇文章的语篇要素，即文章中表达意义的微观单位，包括单词、短语和句子。语篇要素运用的纯熟，能很好地反映一个人的语言修养，准确的用词、多样化的句式结构以及精妙得体的修辞会使整篇文章熠熠生辉，极富感染力。 1.have an ace in the hole握有王牌,很有把握When you have the ace in your hand,you have something which you can use to gain an advantage when you need it.have an ace in the hole(American)2.a class act(在运动或演艺方面)很出色的人I have been tracking Neil for a year,he is a class act and I have got a lot respect for his ability.我已跟踪尼尔一年，他是个出色的家伙，我很崇拜他的能力。3.break ones back努力地工作When youre breaking your back to make an enterprise work,its going to cut into your time with family.当你全身心投入工作的时候，会侵占到家庭生活的时间。4.get someones back up激怒某人What does get my back up is a girlfriend who gets too jealous if someone else finds me attractive.5.hat in hand求助，乞讨He ended up going hat in hand to the neighbours.他沦落到向邻居乞讨。6.in the cards可能发生He believes an invasion was never in the cards.他相信入侵永不会发生。7.a change of heart态度的改变8.get no change out of someone从某人处没有得到任何帮助You wont get any change out of him,so dont expect it .你不会从他那儿得到任何帮助，别指望了。9.chapter and verse所有细节The instruction gives you chapter and verse使用说明给出了所有细节。10.cut to the chase言归正传He talked about the need to see all points of view,then he cut to the chase.11.cut a dash(外表)给人留下深刻印象Tania cut a daring dash with a dress slashed almost to the waist .12.in the dark一无所知;蒙在鼓里13.out of ones depth力所不能及He felt out of his depth on a diploma course.14.get ones just deserts活该15.die like a dog凄苦地死去(古)16.every dog has its day风水轮流转17.Its a dogs life(抱怨生活或工作不如意)18.in the doghouse四面楚歌Insurance companies are already in the doghouse over poor advice on pensions which has left hundreds of thousands of people worse off.19.do the donkey work做乏味的工作20.do something like a dream做的很出色The first stages of installation worked like a dream.21.all dressed up with nowhere to go准备充分，但没机会去做If funding dries up ,the opera houses will be all dressed up ,but with nowhere to go .22.do something at the drop of a hat卤莽行事23.a drop in the ocean/bucket微不足道，沧海一粟The size of the grants have been attacked by groups as merely a drop in the ocean.24.be all ears洗耳恭听Now you can say ,I am all ears.25.down to earth现实，实际He is blunt,outspoken,practical and down to earth.keep somebody in the dark不让某人知道26.get egg on ones face感到窘迫，羞耻Steve didnt expect to win .He just didnt want to get egg on his face .27.a white elephant(形容新的建筑，计划)是浪费的，无用的This project is completely a white elephant28.a big fish大人物，重要角色The four who were arrested here last September were described as really big fish by the U.S.Drug Enforement Agency.29.drink like a fish酒量很大When I was young I could drink like a fish and eat like a pig.我年轻时酒量和食量都很惊人。30.a fool and his money are soon parted(形容花钱不理智)31.free as the air自由自在，无拘无束32.run out of gas(突然感到)疲倦和厌倦33.the heat is on压力大To perform well when the heat is on ,all you have to do is let it happen.要在大的压力下表现出色，你要做的是任之发生。34. bring someone to heel使某人臣服，服从In practice its still not clear how the president will use his power to bring the republics to heel.实际上，总统将如何使用权利使公众服从还不清楚。35.cross my heart发自内心I promise,cross my heart.我对天发誓。36.in seventh heaven十分高兴After I was given my first camera,I was in seventh heaven.37.break a leg祝演出成功，(注意是祝福语而不是诅咒)38.live like a king生活奢华39.break the ice打破僵局试大I was about to speak when someone broke the ice.我正要说话，有人打破了僵局。40.get down to开始做，处理The task wasnt so difficult when I got down to it.我开始处理这件事的时候，发现并不困难。41.hold back抑制，控制We could not hold ourselves back.我们没法控制自己。42.keep ones word遵守约定43.lay aside / set aside储蓄，积蓄We must lay something aside for our childs education.44.keep an eye on监视，注视I dont know what would happen if I werent here to keep an eye on children.如果我不在这儿监视孩子们，真不知道会发生什么。45.pull ones leg取笑，看不起人试大46.pull through恢复，克服The patient is pulling through.47.stand for代表，象征What does your first letter stand for?48.take in欺骗She must have been taken in by a salesman.49.make a point of重视Do you make a point of being on time for work.50.help out帮忙，协助。大Jerry hurried to help out zhenzhen.托福作文常见的23种错误分析关于TOEFL考试作文相信大家都买了不少参考书，并且背诵了不少好段子，但是有的考生依旧作文不理想，究其原因在写作时可能不太在意，好了，让我们看看专家怎么评点TOEFL考试作文的常见错误的1.结构不平行例：I was able to raise my TOEFL score by studying hard and I read lots of books.当使用连词将一系列的单词联接起来的时候，应当使用词性相同或同一类型的短语。2.不知所云例：Many companies began using computers mouth.3.段落过长，不分段主语与动词一致问题She are a good friend of mine that I has known for a long time.主语和动词在数方面不一致。4.句子别扭We heated the soup in the microwave for too long and the shape of the container changed.措辞过长或不清。换言之，句子显得滑稽可笑。5.不要使用缩写在正式的写作中不要使用缩写形式(cant，dont，its，well，theyve等等)，而应当使用单词的完整形式(cannot，do not，it is，we will，they have等等)。6.关联词语重复Since I want to go to a good school, therefore I am trying to raise my test scores.不能在该句的主要主语和主要动词前使用连词。7.句子不完整 Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to getsintoscollege. For example, my friend in high school. 句子没有主要主语或主要动词，因为其实它应是一个从句。这是一个非常常见的错误，修改的方法是将两个句子连接起来。8.不要使用 get When I got home, I got tired, so I got a book and gotsintosbed. Get太不正式，意思也过于含糊，不适合用在正式的场合。应将get改为一个更加具体的单词，如become, receive, find, achieve, 等等。 9.书写难以辨认信息不正确 I would like to study in America because all modern technology originated there. 传的信息不正确，或者让人听起来觉得可能不正确(如果确实是正确的，应当解释为什么这样，因为读者不认为是正确的)。上述例句中，all的意思是百分之百;我们不能绝对地说每一件新东西都是从美国诞生的。为保险起见，应当使用many或most。非英语单词Computers are very helpful and advantageable.尽管看起来象个单词，其实不是，至少不是个英文单词。使用这个单词的另一种形式。10.介词多余 I would like to discuss about something important that you mentioned about to me during yesterday. We went to downtown yesterday to buy a watch. When I first came to the US, I did not have a lot of friends in here. In class, my classmate never mentioned about her husband. 在表示这种意思时此单词不能与介词连用。这种情况常见于downtown，home，there，here等词。这些词语在英语中是副词而非名词，因而不能在它们前面添加介词。11.跑题或不相关There are many reasons to buy a car, preferably a nice car.这个意思与文章的主题无关。12.陈词滥调It is okay for children to fail sometimes.所表达的意思很普通大多数人都已经知道到了，因而就没有必要再说出来。13.标点问题 I love animals. And I like to help them. Because they are helpless. So I want to become a vet. 这是一个非常普遍的问题!许多学生在句子中使用了太多的句号，尤其是当他们用手写的时候。 14.重复冗余Personally, I believe what the newspaper prints.一种意思的表述不止一次，或者某个词语不必要。15.单数/复数Many year ago, dinosaur roamed the Earths.单词需要从单数变为复数，或者由复数变成单数。单数可数名词单数可数名词不能单独使用，应该将其变为复数形式或者加上限定词 (a, the, my, his, her, Garys, no, any, 1, 3, 50, most,等等)。16.拼写错误主语、动词或宾语有问题 I want to buy something for my mother that she will like it. There was a terrible accident happen yesterday. 句子的基本结构有问题缺少主语、动词或宾语，或者这些成分重复。17.语气与文章不符 I was kind of mad at the guy who vociferated angry words at me. I have heard many wonderful things about such cosmopolitan cities as Paris, London, Tokyo, and Hong Kong and I would love to visit these cities to check them out. 语气与文章其他部分不相符可能是过于正式或者太不正式。18.代词指代不明 If people do not speak the same language, it has a greater chance of miscommunication. I intend to complete my studies in the United States because they have good programs there. 代词所指代的指示词(介词所代替的名词)不清楚。19.过于笼统We should use our resources on Earth because the Earth is getting worse.句子或它所表达的意思过于笼统，不能提供多少信息。20.动词时态错误Yesterday I will go to the store because tomorrow I needed some food.动词时态不正确检查一下是应该用现在时、过去时、将来时还是完成时等等。21.选词不恰当I was late getting home because I lost my way.在这种情况下不应该使用该词可选择更好的词语或者所使用的词语与文章的总体语气不符。22.单词形式不当I want to creation a great web site so that I can becoming wealth.所使用a的单词的形式不正确检查一下应该使用该词的名词、形容词或副词形式的哪一种。23.用词错误 Even I dont speak Spanish, I was able to find a bathroom in the department store. I gained a lot of pounds during vacation. 用词错误或在此种情况下该词不是最佳用词。新托福写作11种错误分析一. 不一致(Disagreements)所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致时态不一致及代词不一致等。例1. When one have money ,he can do what he want to 。剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has ;同理，want应改为wants。本句是典型的主谓不一致。改为：Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)二. 修饰语错位(Misplaced Modifiers)英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化。对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解。例1. I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus。剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末。三. 句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解。可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生。例1. There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on 。剖析：本句后半部分for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on 。”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句。改为：There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper。四. 悬垂修饰语(Dangling Modifiers)所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。例如：At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中at the age of ten只点出十岁时，但没有说明” 谁”十岁时。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了。改为：When I was ten, my grandfather died。例1. To do well in college, good grades are essential。剖析：句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚。改为：To do well in college, a student needs good grades。五. 词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等。例1. None can negative the importance of money。剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。改为：None can deny the importance of money。六. 指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid。例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.剖析：句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为：We can also know society by serving it ourselves。七. 不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)什么叫run-on sentence-请看下面的例句。例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world。剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“There are many ways。” 以及“We get to know the outside world。”简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。改为：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world.或：There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world。八. 措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。例1. The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。改为：The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution。九. 累赘(Redundancy)言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。如：In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him。本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：In spite of his laziness, I like him。例1. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。改为：Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need。十. 不连贯(Incoherence)不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。例1. The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth。剖析：The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。It 与things 在数方面不一致。改为：Fresh water is the most important thing in the world。十一. 综合性语言错误(Comprehensive Misusage)所谓“综合性语言错误”，是指除了上述十种错误以外