机动化与城市人居环境的协调发展.ppt

机动化与城市人居环境的协调发展 Harmonious Development between Mobilization and Urban Habitat Environment 同济大学 杨东援 Tongji University Yang Dongyuan 2006.6 发展与挑战 Development and Challenge 城市化所带来的挑战 Challenge From Urbanization l快速的城市化进程将在今后的20年期间，造成3亿左右的人口进入 城市，这意味着有相当一批50-80万人口的城市将要快速发展成为 百万人口以上规模。 lIn the next 20 years, 3 billion people will move in the city during rapid urbanization. It will push some cities with 500,000800,000 population into large cities with more than a million population. l这种变化意味着相当数量城市的交通骨架需要巨大的变化，土地和 环境资源的紧缺更加凸现。 lTransport Arterial Networks in many cities are requested to increase a lot under this great change. Shortage of Land and environmental resources emerges. l大规模的交通基础设施建设会极大地影响城市原有的氛围与环境。 Large-scale Transportation Infrastructure construction will greatly influence the original feeling and environment of the city. l城市的管理者缺乏对于未来挑战的思想准备，却期待城市产业规模、 人口规模、用地规模的巨大扩展。 lUrban Mangers are lack of preparation for future challenge, but expect the huge expansion of industry, population and Land. 惠州市惠城区高峰小时交通流量分布情况 Peak Hour Traffic flow distribution of Huizhou City LEGEND 原有城市格局局限了 主城区干线道路的扩 展能力。 Original Urban form limits the expansion ability of Arterial Roads in the city center. 依托高速公路发展起来的城区需要彻 底调整原有布局 Urban areas which developed by Freeways needs to adjust the configuration totally. Planned city entrance in the east Planned city entrance in the west Current entrance To Shenzhen To Shenzhen To Shenzhen To Chenjiang To Huicheng To Shanwei To Shanwei Freeway 原有小规模城市在扩展过程 中所遇到的路网结构调整问 题 Road Network needs to be adjusted in the expansion process of small-sized city. Revision of Urban Master Plan of Huaian City 第二产业发展与城市环境的冲突对于道路功能的影 响港口造成的冲突 Conflicts between Second Industry Development and City Environment influence road network functionsCaused by Ports 有待开发的水上交通资源 Undeveloped Water Transport Resources Bus Routes along the Huangpu River 战略与实施 Strategies and implementation 城市交通战略规划的结构模型 Structure Model of Urban Transportation Strategic Planning 明确战略要点的方法与途径 Four Approaches to Strategic Issue Identification 途径 Approaches 途径描述 Descriptions 适用条件 Adaptive Conditions 适用范围 Adaptive Areas 直接法 规规划者直接通过过使 命、责责任和SWOT 分析等阐释战阐释战 略 要点。 对对于目标标未形成共识识或目标过标过于复杂杂 ；不存在已有的愿景或愿景无法描述 ；不存在具有强制各方接受统统一目标标 的机构或个人；环环境过过于多变难变难以形 成统统一的目标标和愿景，局部的、应应急 的行动动更为为有效。 适用于大部分公共部门门。 一般情况下，需要有一个组织组织（往 往具有联联合性）承担战战略要点的明 确与相关问题问题的解决（至少是部分 承担）。 The direct approach Planners go straight from a review of mandates, mission, and SWOT analyses to the identification of strategic issues. (1)There is no agreement on goals, or the goals on which there is agreement are too abstract to be useful. (2)There is no preexisting vision of success, and developing a consensually based vision will be difficult. (3)There is no hierarchical authority that can impose goals on the other stakeholders; (4)the environment is so turbulent that development of goals or visions seems unwise, and partial action in response to immediate, important issues seems most appropriate. Adaptable for most public organizations. Generally, there must be a coalition that is fully committed to identifying and resolving at least some of the key strategic issues the organization faces. 途径 Approaches 途径描述 Descriptions 适用条件 Adaptive Conditions 适用范围 Adaptive Areas 间间接法 通过组织过组织 内部共 同参与的形式明确 战战略要点。 当规规划者与组织组织内的部分主导导性成员员 意识识到部分战战略需要重大转变转变，甚至 往往是反向性转变转变的同时时，尚未完全 把握现现存战战略的问题问题以及重大转变转变的 必要性。 与直接法相同。 The indirect approach The planner team work together to identify strategic issues. When mayor strategic redirection is necessary but members of the planning team and the organization redirection has not yet grasped the need for it or can not sense where such changes might lead. Same as the direct approach. 途径 Approaches 途径描述 Descriptions 适用条件 Adaptive Conditions 适用范围 Adaptive Areas 目标标法为组织为组织 确立目标标， 并为实现该为实现该 目标标而 明确战战略要点。 有可能为组织设为组织设 立统统一的目标标，并且目标标 的明确性与具体性可以指引相关的战战略要点 的明确与战战略的讨论讨论。 较为较为适用于等级级制度较较强 的组织组织，且不存在对组织对组织 具有强大影响力的外部力 量。 The Goals approach An organization first establishes goals and objectives for itself and then goes on to identify issues that need to be addressed in order to achieve those goals and objectives. A fairly broad and deep agreement on the organizations goals and objectives must be possible, and the goals and objectives themselves must be specific and detailed enough to provide useful guidance for developing issues and strategies. This approach is also more likely to work in organization with hierarchical authority. 途径 Approaches 途径描述 Descriptions 适用条件 Adaptive Conditions 适用范围 Adaptive Areas 愿景法 为组织为组织 描绘绘完美的 愿景，并为实现该为实现该 愿景明确其战战略要 点。 组织组织有较较高的战战略整合的要求，即各方意 识识到直接法、间间接法、目标标法无法整合各方 的战战略意向的情况下。 更适合于非盈利组织组织。公 共部门门往往在领导换领导换 届等 情况下较为较为适用。 The vision of success of approach The organization is asked to develop a “best” picture of itself in the future as it fulfills its mission and achieves success. Integration across a variety of strategies is necessary. In other words, the approach can be used when sponsors, champions, and planning team members believe that simply identifying issues directly or indirectly or articulating goals is unlikely to promote the level of strategy integration that is perceived as necessary. More dependable for nonprofit organizations. It also is likely to be a preferred approach when a new policy board or chief executive takes office based on a vision espoused prior to election or appointment. 目前中国大城市交通战略规划的基本方法 Approaches of Urban Transportation Strategic Planning in China big cites 城市交通战略规划的“可实施性”评估 Implementation Ability Evaluation of Urban Transportation Strategic Planning l规划文件的分析：侧重通过战略规划方案的结构化寻求 方案逻辑关联的合理性。 l（Analysis of planning documents） Searching for logical rationality between plans by structured strategic plans l政策实施分析：侧重关注政策内在的行政管理过程以及 这个过程是否发生偏差的原因。 l（policy implementation analysis） Emphasis on inner administrative process and find the cause of its distortion. 价值取向与战略共识 Value Inclination and Strategic agreement 1) Economic Growth Year GDP/capita 3) Motorization GDP/capita Car ownership 4) Demand /Supply Car Ownership Road length/ car 2) Suburbanization Year Urban Radius 6) Environmental Load Year Pollution 5) Energy Consumption Per capita Energy Consumption Urban Radius 从基础设施建设到复合型交通模式体系建设 From infrastructure construction to construction of Compound Transport Pattern Framework 从单纯基础设施 建设转向交通模 式的引导与管理 ，系统的复杂性 在能级上出现提 升。 Simple infrastructure constructions are shifted to guidance and management of Transport Patterns. Complexity of the system is upgraded. 城市交通战略指导思想的变化 Changes in Urban Transport Strategies Guidance 在保障人居环境和城市生态的前提下，尽可能扩大城市道路网络，以适应日益增 长的交通需求。对于超出部分采用需求管理的方式加以抑制，引导其转向城市公 共交通系统。 Under the premise of guaranteeing habitat and environment, Urban road network should be expanded to meet the increasing traffic demand. Demand Management should be applied to control the traffic and try to lead them shift to Urban Transit. 需求 需求 供给 供给 环境与资源的约束 Constraints of Environment and resources 交通模式的调整 Adjustment of Transport Patterns 环境与资源的约束 Constraints of Environment and resources Demand Supply Demand Supply 公共交通主导模式在世博交通体系中的体现 Transit-oriented pattern in World-expo transportation system 局部综合交通管理规划 Local Comprehensive Transport Management Planning 微循环交通系统与人 居环境 Micro-circulation Transport system and Habitat Environment 任务的分解与协同综合手段的应用 Decomposing and Coordination of TasksApplication of Comprehensive Methods 请问到动物 园怎么走？ 住宅与办公 地点紧密型 布局 公共交通鼓励合乘清洁能源汽 车 智能交通 住宅与办公 地点分离型 布局 私人轿车交 通 小轿车低效使 用 汽车尾汽污 染 道路效率不 高 Compact setting of residence and office TransitRidesharing Clean energy automobiles ITS Dispersed setting of residence and office Private CarLow efficiency of car Auto exhaust pollution Low Road Efficiency 开发水上公共交通系统以缓解资源的紧缺 Water transport resources are developed to release the shortage of resources. 形成新的绕行过江通 道以分流过境交通 New circuitous river -crossing passages are constructed to split the through traffic Legend New Road Cancelled road Assistant Ring Road The second passage in southwest 经济发展机会 Economic developing opportunity 基础设施/ 公共服务以及交通 面对面的互动 Face-to-face interaction 城市居住的成本 cost of residence 交通堵塞Congestion污染Pollution 犯罪Crime 娱乐设施recreation经济Economy 空闲时间spare time特征feature 社会Society 一个城区所含的要素 (Elements in the city) 房屋Housing 文化culture 安全Safety 干线道路改 造的滞后 道路网络缺 乏明确层次 人行道改造 的滞后 存在大量窄 幅道路 停车场不足 过境交通穿 越地区 汽车交通集 中特定道路 步行者-自行车- 机动车混杂 难以通达干线道 路和主要设施 主要的避难 道路不足 存在紧急车辆进 入困难地区 路上停车（违章 停车）多见 过境交通在地 区内高速通过 视距恶化 引发交通拥 堵 阻碍紧急车 辆通行 缺乏货物装 卸设施 1降低交通安全性（事 故多发） 2降低步行快适性（步 行空间改造滞后） 3恶化人居环境（发生 交通公害） 4降低交通便利性（连 通性低下） 5降低防范性（外部人 员进入） 6降低防灾能力（阻碍 消防等活动） 7其他问题：适应高龄 化社会的滞后，缺少 良好城市景观，阻碍 公共交流等 沿线道路 公害恶化 Lagged Arterial construction No clear hierarchy Lagged sidewalk construction Narrow streets Lack of Parking Areas with through traffic Roads with mass auto traffic Mixed traffic road Bad Accessibility to Arterial and facilities Short of refuge road Hard for emergencies to enter On-street Parking Through traffic passed through fast Bad sight distance Traffic congestion Hamper the emergencies Lack of