中考英语冠词用法详解.doc

中考英语冠词的用法中考英语冠词的用法一冠词的用法口诀名词有两“冠”，定冠不定冠；（修饰限制名词的有定冠词和不定冠词两种）定冠就是The，不定a和an。（定冠词就是The，不定冠词就是a和an）先分特泛指， 确定大路线。（首先区分并确定名词为特指还是泛指）泛指不定无， 特指the定冠。（泛指用不定冠词或不用冠词， 特指用定冠词the）泛指可数单， 须用a或an；（可数名词单数表泛指时，用不定冠词a或an）辅音前用a, an在元音前；（读音为辅音时用a，读音为元音时用an） 复数不可数， 泛指不用冠；（可数名词复数和不可数名词，表泛指时不用冠词）前有代词限， 冠词不再见。（名词前已经有代词时，也就不再需要冠词）二定冠词用法口诀特指双知上文提，独一无二普变专；方位顺序最高级，赛项乐器影剧院；姓氏复数一家人，形容词前可数单；群岛河山江湖海，沙漠海峡和海湾。阶级党派国全名，组织团体与机关。会议条约和报刊，习语船号击中脸。连续应用比较级，朝代年代按天算。三、零冠词用法口诀下列情况可免冠，名词之前代词限；专有名词不可数，学科球棋三餐饭；复数名词表泛指，星月节日四季前；颜色语种和国名，习语称呼及头衔。【详解】一冠词概述冠词，是用来表示名词特性的一种词，它表示名词可数还是不可数、单数还是复数、“任何一个”还是“特定的一个”等等。也就是说，冠词与名词是紧密连在一起的。如果用了a /an /the，不管后面是什么词，都变成了名词。所以，冠词就是放在名词前面的一种词。冠词分为不定冠词a/ an和定冠词the，在具体使用时可分为用不定冠词、定冠词和不用冠词三种情况。它的基本用法我们可以用以下口诀来记忆： 泛指用a/ an，单数可数；特指用the，不特不the。 注（1）泛指用a/ an，单数可数泛指的单数可数名词前要用a/ an。 （2）特指用the如果是特指，那么无论是可数名词单数、复数或不可数名词前均要用the。（3）不特不the不特指则不用the，包括泛指的可数名词单数前用a/ an，泛指的可数名词复数前不用冠词，泛指的不可数名词前也不用冠词三种情况。 我们可以将冠词与名词的搭配情况总结列表如下： 冠词单数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词a/anbook（泛指）thebook（特指）books（特指）bread（特指）不用冠词books（泛指）bread（泛指）二用不定冠词的情况【何时用a何时用an】单数可数名词前用到不定冠词a/ an时，一定要根据它后面单词的首音素来判断。a接以辅音音素开头的单词或字母，an接以元音音素开头的单词或字母。如：a book，a Japanese car；an egg，an English book；a useful book，a European country，a university；an hour（h不发音），an honest girl；an uncorrected mistake； a “u”（字母u的首音素为j），an “s”（字母s的首音素为e）an “l”， an “m”， an “n”A little boy wrote a “u” and an “m” on the wall. Now he is an artist. I have known him since he was a one-year-old boy.【何时应用不定冠词】1、表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个。 通常在第一次提到某人或某物时用a / an，以表示与其他事物的区别。I gave him a book yesterday. 我昨天给了他一本书。I am reading an interesting story. 我在读一本有趣的故事书。I have got a ticket. 我有一张票。There is a tree in front of my house. 我的屋前有一棵树。2、用其中的任何一个，代表他们所属种类的特性。A horse is useful to mankind. 马对人类有用。A dog is a useful animal.狗是有用的动物。A bird can fly. 鸟会飞。A steel worker makes steel. 炼钢工人炼钢。3、用在事物的度量单位前, 如时间、 速度、 价格等, 表示 每一个。We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。I went to the library once a week at least. 我一星期至少去一次图书馆。The potato is sold at about 30 fen a jin. 土豆卖三毛钱一斤。4、用来泛指某人、某物或地方。A boy came to see you a moment ago. 刚才有一个小孩来找你。I got this tool in a shop. 我在商店买的这件工具。We need a car now. 我们现在需要一辆车。She is ill,so she has to see a doctor. 她病了，她得去看病。5、用于某些特定的词组。例如：a few 几个， a little 有点，等等。She has a few friends in this city. 她在这个城市中有几个朋友。There is a little milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有点牛奶。Only a few students are in the classroom. 只有几个学生在教室里。三用定冠词的情况【特指双知上文提】【特指】特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以区别于同类中其他的人或事物。一般带有明确的特征或所属范围等限定词或句子来修饰名词。eg：The lady in black is our English teacher.(特指穿黑衣服的那位女士)The boys of Class One often play football in the afternoon.（特指二班的男生）It is not the car we are looking for.这不是我们要找的车。 The news that you heard is true. 你听到的消息是真的。The water in this well is fit to drink. 这口井里的水能喝。The music of the film is very beautiful. 这部影片的音乐很动听。The breakfast he had today was good. 他今天吃的早餐不错。Do you know the lady over there? How pretty!This happened in the summer of 1998. (这件事发生在1998年的夏天。)【双知】指说话人与听话人双方心中都有数的人或事物。如：go to the cinema 去看电影 ，go to the theatre 去看戏 ，Close the window, please. 请关上窗。Where is the teacher？ 老师在哪里？When they got off the train, they found their friends waiting on the platform.【上文提】表示上文已经提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.I can see a cat. The cat is Lucy”s. 我能看见一只猫，那只猫是露茜的。He works in a shop. The shop is near his home. 【独一无二普变专】【独一无二】世界上独一无二的、唯一的东西，eg：The moon，The earth，the sun, the world，the sky，the winter night等。The earth goes around the sun. 地球围绕着太阳转。The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大。I can see a bird in the sky.我能看到天空中有一只小鸟。The Pacific Ocean is the largest of all.I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening.我愿晚上在明亮的月光下散步。【普变专】由两个以上普通名词构成并转为专有名词。eg：the Great Wall长城，the West Lake西湖，the Peoples Park人民公园，the United Nations联合国，the United States美国，the USA等。The Olympic Games are held once every four years.【方位顺序最高级】【方位】表示方位的词，in the east 在东方，in the west 在西方，in the front 在前面， at the back 在后面， in the bottom 在底部，at the top 在顶部， on the right 在右边， on the left 在左边Shanghai is in the east of China. I saw a plane coming from the east.我看见一架飞机从东方飞来。【顺序】序数词前用定冠词，eg：The first。January is the first month of the year. 一月份是一年当中的第一个月。 He is the last one to help me. 他不会来帮助我的。The Yellow River is the second longest river in our country.【最高级】形容词的最高级前面用定冠词。eg；the modest。Mike is the tallest of the three boys. 迈克是三个男孩中最高的一个。【赛项乐器影剧院】【赛项】在表示运动项目、比赛项目的名词前必须用the。Did you enter for the high jump or the 400-meter race?【乐器】乐器前面用定冠词，eg：the piano; the guitar The little girl likes to play the violin.小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。【影剧院】影剧院等文艺活动、运动场所前需用定冠词。eg:They are going to the cinema tonight. 他们今晚要去影院看电影。The theater was on fire last week. 戏剧院昨天着火了。 【姓氏复数一家人】【姓氏复数一家人】姓氏复数前面用定冠词，表示一家人。The Browns are watching the match on TV now. The Greens are very kind to us. 格林一家人待我们很好。The Whites like the classic music.怀特一家喜欢古典音乐。 【形容词前可数单】【形容词前】形容词前加定冠词，使其名词化，表示一类人。其后谓语用复数。eg：the rich富人，the wounded 伤员，the young年轻人，the old老年人the poor 穷人，the sick 病人，the good 好人，the beautiful 美丽的事物等The wounded were taken into the temple.The young should help the old. He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。 【可数单】定冠词与单数名词连用,表示一类人或物。The dog is not too danger.狗不太危险。The cat is an animal.猫是一种动物。The umbrella in the shop is very cheap in this season. 这个季节商店里的雨伞很便宜。【群岛河山江湖海，沙漠海峡和海湾】例如：the Black Sea黑海，the Yangzi River扬子江We live near the Yellow River.我们住在黄河边上。 The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China.长江是中国最大的河。 The Himalayas is located in Tibet.喜马拉雅山位于西藏。 Which ocean is larger, the Pacific or the Atlantic?【阶级党派国全名】【组织团体与机关】【阶级党派】the working class 工人阶级 the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党。【国全名】the United States 美国，the United Nations 联合国，【会议条约和报刊】I am reading the China Daily now.我现在正读中国日报。 Have you got the Evening Paper yet?你拿到晚报了吗? The Times is a foreign newspaper.泰晤士报是一家外国报纸。 The Peking Review is on the desk.北京周报在桌子上放着。【习语船号击中脸】【习语】习惯用语、固定搭配，介词短语等eg：in the day在白天，in the morning 在早上， in the afternoon 在下午 ，in the evening 在晚上，all the year round 一年到头 ，on the way to 前往.去的路上 all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同时；by the way顺便说；do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；in the open air 在户外，在野外【船号】是指一些用“号”等命名的船、舰艇等，例如：泰坦尼克号，The Titanic。【击中脸】“击中脸”这类表达，hit sb by the aim，hit sb on the nose，hit sb in the chest，hit on the head等等。【连续应用比较级】The harder you study, the better you get the marks.你学习越努力，你取得的成绩就越好。【朝代年代按天算】【朝代年代】in the 1990s【按天算】表示计量，度量的这类词用定冠词，eg：by the day。四. 不用冠词的情况【名词之前代词限】名词前已有作定语用的指示代词（this, that, these, those） 物主代词（my, your, his, her, our, their）不定代词（some，any等）以及所有格等限定词时，不用冠词。如：this eraser, her pencil-box, some boxes, those women等。 【专有名词不可数】（1）“街名、广场名、公园名、大学名”等专有名词前通常不用冠词： 1). Wang Fu Jing Street 王府井大街; Naking Road 南京路 2). Tian An Men Square 天安门广场 3). Bei Hai Park 北海公园; Hyde Park海德公园 4). Beijing University 北京大学; Zhejiang University 浙江大学 The scientists from the United States live in Ninth Street.（2）泛指的不可数名词前一般不用冠词。如：meat, rice, water, bread, tea, milk, juice等。 I think water is a kind of food,too. 我认为水也是一种食物。Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸起来柔软。【学科球棋三餐饭】（1）学科、语种：如：Chinese, English, maths, physics, history等。Can you speak English or French?你能说英语或法语吗？（2）球棋运动：如：play basketball/ football等。We are going to play basketball this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去打篮球。We dont like bridge very much. 我们不太喜欢桥牌。（3）三餐饭：如：have breakfast/ lunch/ supper等。I have breakfast at 7 every day.Its time for breakfast. 该吃早饭了。What do you have for lunch? 你午饭吃点什么?I usually go out for a walk after supper(after tea).【复数名词表泛指】复数名词表示泛指，表示一类人或事物时，不用冠词。如： The people in the room are doctors. 房间里的那些人是医生。They are teachers.他们是老师。Tigers like meat.老虎喜欢吃肉。【星月节日四季前】（1）星期：Sunday, February，on Thursday; on Sunday在周日，等We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。（2）月份：in March在三月。in August; on August 8thToday is the first day of May. 今天是五月的第一天。（3）节日：Teacher”s Day教师节；Children”s Day儿童节；Labour Day 劳动节；New Years Day 新年；元旦；April FoolsDay 愚人节；National Day 国庆节；Christmas Day 圣诞节；on Womens Day在妇女节。New Years Day is coming. 新年就要到啦。但我国的节日前用定冠词：the Spring Festival 春节; the Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节（4）季节：autumn, summer, winter, spring，in spring在春天。Summer is hot and winter is cold here. 这儿夏天热冬天冷。【颜色地名国家名】（1）颜色：white, brown Green is my favorite color. （2）地名：Beijing; Shanghai; London; Paris Shanghai is in the east of China.（3）国家名England; China; Germany; South Africa;Australia等China is a largest country in the world. 中国是世界上最大的国家。【习语称呼及头衔】（1）称呼语、人名：Mum；father；doctor；Mary; Tom; Jim; Miss Li; Mr. Zhang; Lei Feng；（2）职务头衔：head；monitor班长； President Doctor Green is a scientist. 格林博士是位科学家The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。Lincoln, president of the United States, was murdered in 1864.In 1860, Lincoln became President of the United States.We made him head of our class. ( We elected him monitor.)（3）某些固定词组(习语) 中不用冠词与by连用的交通工具名称前：by bus乘公共汽车；by car乘汽车；by bike骑/坐自行车；by train乘火车；by air/plane乘飞机；by sea/ship乘船， He goes to work by bike. 他骑车去上班。She said they would go there by air. 她说他们将坐飞机去那儿。Did you come back by plane or by train? 你坐飞机还是坐火车回来的？“on foot, on horseback”也属同种情况：Two men on horseback nothing else. 有两个人在马背上，别的一无所有名词词组：day and night日日夜夜；brother and sister兄弟姐妹;hour after hour时时刻刻；here and there到处介词词组：at home在家；in surprise惊奇地；at noon在中午;on foot步行；at night在晚上；on duty值日；at work在工作；on time准时；for example例如；in class在上课；on show展览；in bed在床上go短语：go home回家；go to bed上床睡觉；go to school去上学；go to work去上班；go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去购物/游泳/划船/钓鱼五、用与不用冠词的差异in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里go to hospita去医院看病/go to the hospital去医院 (不是去看病，而是其他目的)go to sea出海/go to the sea去海边on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上，在世上in front of在(外部的)前面/in the front of在(内部的)前面take