[英语学习]商务英语词汇及用法.doc

本科毕业论文（设计）目录Abstract - 1摘要 - 1I. Introduction - 3 II. Features of Business English Vocabulary-31. Using acronym(1) The initialisms (2) The blending words (3) Clippings (4) The first letters pinyin words 2. To use the jargons3. The polysemy 4. To use more formal and ancient words.5. Using new wordsIII. Conclusion - 11Bibliography-13A Study on Lexical Features of Business English and its Applications【Abstract】Business English is a branch of the English language system .It is a kind of special English, which serves for international business activities. In addition, Business English has not only the common English linguistic features, but also has the uniqueness. One of the uniqueness is that some Business English vocabulary whose meanings are completely different from other kinds of English vocabulary and there are also many terminologies. 【Keywords】 Business English features vocabulary【摘 要】 商务英语是英语语言体系中的一个分支, 是为国际商务活动这一特定领域服务的专门用途英语。商务英语除具有普通英语的语言学特征之外，又具有其独特性。独特性之一就是：商务英语有许多完全不同于其它种类英语词汇之含义的词汇和专业术语。【关键词】商务英语 特征 词汇I. IntroductionWith the current international economic integration, the cooperation and communication between enterprises and financial agencies is becoming more and more frequent. The domestic enterprises also face to contact directly with other countries enterprises .So how to make full use of business English words to obtain the biggest economic benefit under the premise of in the respect for international economic cooperation is a problem that each foreign trade enterprise has to take into consideration. In this paper, some notable pragmatic features of the business English words are briefly analyzed and discussed.II. Features of Business English Vocabulary1. Using acronym As we all know, high efficiency and a rapid pace are needed in the fierce competition of the business activities. So the unique contracted style of language is produced in daily business contacts, and a large number of acronyms are formed. These words are widely used in the trade price terms, insurance, transportation, payment and settlement and other aspects of business activities. It also reflects more business impact, such as the using of trademark, advertising and name card. The main types of acronym are as following:(1) The initialisms, such as:A/B Air Bill B/P Bills Payable CIF Cost, Insurance, FreightE/L Export License OMC Overseas Money OrdersSB Special Bargain WTO World Trade Organization (2) The blending words, such as:Forex Foreign exchangeEXIMBANK Export-import Bank Hi-tech High TechnologyAdvertics Advertising statisticsWorkfare Work Welfare(3) Clippings,AD. Advertisement Bal. Balance Cat. Catalogue Exp. & Imp. Inc Export and Import Incorporated(4) The first letters pinyin words,COSCO China Ocean Shipping CompanyNATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization LIBER London Inter-bank Offered Rat To use the acronym could save a lot of time and space. It is very suitable for the high efficiency of modern business activities. So as time goes by, the acronym will keep up with the trend of the expansion of the trade.2. To use the jargonsThe jargon is a kind of vocabulary that used in a subject or a field. Business English is widely used in international trade, economic, financial, marketing, and insurance and some other fields, and each area has its own professional jargons, such as: On international trade :Delivered Duty Paid, Free Alongside Ship， Standby Credit, Letter of Credit. On Economy: the real estate, demand curve, corporate charter, economic lot size. On finance: blank endorsement, blue chip, foreign exchange market .On marketing: market share, customized marketing, after sales service, marketable product. On insurance: average, insurance claim, All Risks, risk of clashing. Business English professional terms can be used all around the world. One jargon has a precise meaning and the meaning of the expression is fixed. In addition, no personal emotion was mixed in, so it needs no more explanation.3. The polysemyIt is a common phenomenon that a word has several meanings when used in different fields. These meanings are completely different from each other and have no relationship with its original meaning, but with the professional words meaning. For example:(1) The word “endorse” means endorsement in international payments and settlement. But in the sentence “Our products have been endorsed by the National Quality Inspection Association.” (Our products are recommended by the National Quality Inspection Association.), the meaning of the word “endorse” is completely different. Here it means recommend, that is to say you are satisfied after using a product, and introduce it to the public through the media.(2) Freight means goods in domestic transportation. For example: “This freight must be carefully handled when loading.” However, in international trade, freight means transportation fee. For example: “The ocean freight is calculated by weight, not by measurement.” And goods are represented by “cargo” instead of freight. For instance, Marine Cargo Insurance.(3) The word “make” is also a typical example. We usually put it into “manufacture”, “produce”, “form” or “create”, here are some common examples: make a car, make a cup of tea. While this word is used in the field of insurance, it has a very professional translation which means set. For example, in the sentence “The social insurance actuary is required to make rate and reserve calculations for risks whose insurability may be questionable.” where “make rate” should be translated as “set insurance rate”, which fits the professional standard.(4) The word “open” is another vocabulary that we are familiar with. There is an example in the offer of international trade: This offer is open for ten days. In this sentence, open means valid. While using as a verb, it means “set up”. For instance: “The letter of credit is opened through a bank which is acceptable to us.”(5) The word “special” have different meanings in different context. Such as: “Special delivery” means “the special express”; “Special offer” means “on sale”; “Special package” means “package”. The same words in different business professional fields express different things and concept. So first of all, we must be familiar with the professional knowledge, grasps certain knowledge background and pay attention to the specific context, then it will be easy for us to get the accurate meaning of a word.4. To use more formal and ancient words.Business style is the formal style, so there are many formal and ancient words used to avoid colloquial words, by which in order to show its legality and seriousness. We can read them in the treaty, legal documents, formal papers, business contract, agreement and business documents text and so on. A typical example is listed below:(1) At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist Party B to install the equipment. In this sentence the word “assist” is more formal, so we use “assist” instead of “help”. In the legal official documents contract “assist” is more suitable and in general English “help” is better. There are some similar commonly used formal vocabularies: assign (transfer), commence (begin), desire (hope), execute (sign), inform (told), purchase (buy), terminate (suspended), etc.(2) We send you herewith (with this letter) a cheque. The word “herewith” in the sentence is used, which is an ancient word. Most ancient words used in Business style of ancient are compound adverbs that are formed by here, there or where and some prepositions like after, at, from, by, in, of, under, upon, with etc. Such as: hereafter (after this time; in the future), hereby (by this), hereinafter (later in this Contract), thereon (upon that thing/point/subject), therewith (with that or it), whereas (considering that; but).To choose formal or informal words in Business English style should varied from different situations. Making use of ancient words can make text more solemn and increase the authority of style.5. Using new wordsDue to the rapid social change, new words are produced with an astounding speed. For example: While we talk about “the third industry” (third/tertiary industry, service sector, third sequence of enterprises), “the fourth industry” (quaternary/information industry) has just over the horizon. Language is a symbol of social politics, economy, ideology and culture. The new words in a certain period reflect peoples thinking mode and what the way of life is. As business activities have become increasingly frequent around the entire world, some new business jargons also arise spontaneously. For example: Open-collarworker refer to a person who take advantage of the development of the network and work at home without collar band instead of wearing suits working in the office. And another new word “soho” (The first letter of the abbreviation of small office, home office) that has the same meaning to open-collarworker. In addition, Yettie (young, entrepreneurial, tech $based twenty-something and suffix-ie) refers to a young entrepreneurial, who is more than 20 years old has a high-tech company. It is a new word more like “yuppie” (young urban professional). Numerous related new words spring up as the development of globalization and the emergence and use of networks. Such as: the globalization of the integrated economy; information super-highway; digital globe; paperless office; head hunters. In Electronic Business English, there are also some new words which are formed by “electronic” or its shrinking writing E-and other words, for instance: electronic shopping mall, electronic broker, E-banking, E-payment, electronic ticket . Moreover, there are also many phrases combined with “online”. Such as: online shopping, online publishing, online travel agency, online booking, online auction for tickets, online career center.III . ConclusionLanguage is live, it will develop as the times change. As the vocabulary is the most active part of language, new things, new technology and new concept will bring the emergence of more and more new words. So make use of the new words rightly can add