自动化控制系统；自动化专业英语翻译.doc

自动化控制系统Abstract: the information age high-tech traditional industries, in the rapid development of mechanical industry automation appeared in some new technology: the movement control loop ac servo motor drive technology, computer technology and programmable controller, the movement control CARDS, etc. This paper analyzed and summarized the new technology of basic principle, characteristics and application status, etc.Keywords: linear motor servo drive technology, computer, programmable controller, motion control1 introductionInformation age of high-tech flow caused by the traditional industry, the profound change. As one of the traditional industry, machinery industry in this new technology revolution and product structure and production system structure is a new species, microelectronics technology, the rapid development of computer technology and information, intelligent mechanical device and power equipment, machinery industry, combining began a massive mechatronics technology revolution.Along with the computer technology, electronic power technology and sensor technology development, the advanced countries mechtronie product emerge in endlessly. Machine tools, automotive, instrument, electrical appliances, light industrial machinery, textile machinery, packaging machinery, printing machinery, metallurgy, machinery, chemical machinery and industrial robots, more attention by all aspects of peoples lives, it in improvement, improve work efficiency and save energy and reduce the material consumption, strengthen the competitiveness of the great aspects plays a role.In the rapid development of the electromechanical integration technology, motion control technology as its key part, also an unprecedented development, and each manufacturer launched motion control of new technology, new product. This article mainly introduced the closed-loop AC Servo drive technology (Full Closed Servo Motor, AC drive technology (go), which Linear Programmable Controller (Programmable Controller is Computer, the PCC) and the movement control CARDS (Board) Motion needed several representative of new technology.2 the closed-loop ac servo drive technologyIn the rapid development of the electromechanical integration technology, motion control technology as its key part, also an unprecedented development, and each manufacturer launched motion control of new technology, new product. This article mainly introduced the closed-loop AC Servo drive technology (Full Closed Servo Motor, AC drive technology (go), which Linear Programmable Controller (Programmable Controller is Computer, the PCC) and the movement control CARDS (Board) Motion needed several representative of new technology.Along with the computer technology, electronic power technology and sensor technology development, the advanced countries mechtronie product emerge in endlessly. Machine tools, automotive, instrument, electrical appliances, light industrial machinery, textile machinery, packaging machinery, printing machinery, metallurgy, machinery, chemical machinery and industrial robots, intelligent robots and many other categories of products every year there are new developments. Mechatronics technology has been more and more concerned by various aspects, it in improving peoples life, improve work efficiency and save energy and reduce the material consumption, strengthen the competitiveness of the great aspects plays a role.In some of the positioning accuracy and the dynamic response of the demand is higher, electromechanical product ac servo system is widely used, including digital ac servo system with digital control mode is more, but the trend is very simple, debugging, use is popular. The servo drive system of the use of advanced Digital Signal Processor (DSP) Digital Signal Processor, to the motor shaft back-end department of photoelectric encoder and on location in the drive and sampling motor between the position and speed closed-loop control system, and give full play to the high speed Digital Signal Processor (DSP), automatic gain control of the servo system, and can even load changes, the real-time tracking control system; gain Some drivers have fast Fourier transform (FFT) function, the measure of GongZhenDian mechanical equipment, and through a notch filter to eliminate mechanical resonance.Normally, the digital ac servo system mostly in half of the closed-loop control work, namely the encoder feedback servo motor speed loop, also be for position loop. This kind of control mode for transmission chain of clearance and error cannot overcome or compensation. In order to obtain higher control precision, should be in the final of the installation precision detection devices (such as: grating feet, photoelectric encoder, etc.), i.e. the closed-loop control. Comparison of the traditional method is: the closed-loop control servo systems only accept instruction, speed loop control loop control by the superior position controller (most of the closed-loop system is nc). This greatly increases the difficulty of the upper controller, servo system is limited. Currently, foreign already appeared a more perfect, can achieve higher accuracy of the closed-loop digital servo system, the realization of high automation equipment more easily. The control principle, as shown in figure 1.This system has overcome the defect of half a closed-loop control system, servo drive can direct sampling in final mechanical part position feedback element (such as grating feet, magnetic grid feet, revolving encoder, etc.), as the position loop, and the motor speed feedback at only as coder. Such servo system can eliminate the mechanical transmission of gear gap, gap (e.g., etc), ball screw clearance compensation of mechanical transmission manufacturing error (such as ball screw pitch error, etc), and realize the closedloop position control functions, higher precision. And this whole closed-loop control are accomplished by servo drive, without increasing the burden and supervisory controller in its growing industry automation equipment and developed, and start using this kind of servo system.In some of the positioning accuracy and the dynamic response of the demand is higher, the mechtronie product in communication This system has overcome the defects of the closed-loop system and the position loop, sampling can directly from in final position on the mechanical components (such as gratings feedback, magnetic gate ruler, revolving encoder, etc), and the motor speed loop at only as encoder, the feedback can eliminate all the gap existing in machinery, and the servo system, but also can appear on the mechanical transmission error compensation, achieve real closed-loop function, achieve the high position control. And this whole closed-loop control are accomplished by drive, without increasing the burden of supervisory controller.Owing to the closed-loop ac servo system can get high precision, and does not need to increase the complexity of supervisory control system. So it is widely used in nc machine tools, precision CNC equipment design, etc.This system has overcome the defect of half a closed-loop control system, servo drive can direct sampling in final mechanical part position feedback element (such as grating feet, magnetic grid feet, revolving encoder, etc.), as the position loop, and the motor speed feedback at only as coder. Such servo system can eliminate the mechanical transmission of gear gap, gap (e.g., etc), ball screw clearance compensation of mechanical transmission manufacturing error (such as ball screw pitch error, etc), and realize the closedloop position control functions, higher precision. And this whole closed-loop control are accomplished by servo drive, without increasing the burden and supervisory controller more industryIn the numerical control lathe, especially in computer nc machine tools, because it has closed servo drive system work reliably, high precision and strong anti-interference, relative to the open-loop servo drive system is more commonly used. But due to the increased closed servo drive system, feedback, comparative position detection, and step into the open loop system, its structure is more complex, debugging is relatively more difficult.A closed-loop servo drive system, the actuatorAlong with the development of numerical control technology, the requirement of actuators are summed up and increasingly high, basically have the following:(1) to minimize the rotational inertia of the motor, in order to improve the system of fast dynamic response,(2) improve motor overload ability to adapt often appear the impact of the phenomenon,(3) improve speed and stability operation of motor, to ensure the uniformity of speed servo system accuracy.Due to the particularity of mechanical processing, general motors can not meet the nc machine tools for servo control requirements. At present, in the ncThe machine is widely used in the dc servo motor and ac servo motor.1 dc servo motorThe dc servo motor was used in machine tool servo system is a kind of actuators. In the servo system used in the dc servo motor servo motor for dc motors, such as low inertia and wide speed motor, etc. Although these servo motor, have the features of different structure, but its working principle and dc motor are similar.(1) low inertia dc servo motor. Main whether slot dc servo motor armature and other types of motor. No slots dc servo motor armature the working principle and structure of the same dc motor, the difference and features are: the armature core is smooth without trough, the armature winding circles with epoxy resin curing and binder in the armature core on the surface, the length and diameter of the armature five times more than in the air-gap size than the average dc motor is 10 times greater than. Its output power in dozens of watts to 10 kW. Mainly used for fast movement, power system.(2) wide speed dc torque motor. With the motor torque method to improve to improve the dynamic performance. Its structure and general dc motor, usually by similar separate-excited him. Almost all bined with armature control. It has the following features:(3) dc servo motor control principle of pulse width. The dc servo motor speed adjustment method is mainly to adjust the armature voltage. Currently the most widely used methods are transistors pulse width omdulatros - dc motor speed (PWM - M). It has the fast response, high efficiency, wide range of speed and noise pollution is small, simple and reliable.Pulse width modulator, using the basic working principle of switch power transistor, dc voltage must be converted into the frequency voltage, add to the dc motor armature. Through each pulse width control, wave the armature voltage change of average, adjust the speed of the motor. Figure 5-9 - M system of PWM is working principle diagram. Figure 5-9 will set the switch (a) to close, disconnect K cycle, start-up and shut-down cycle is T. In a period of time, the time for , disconnect for T - respectively. If the power supply voltage U plus is constant, add to the electric power of the armature voltage waveform is a square column, its height for U,Width for , as shown in figure 5-9 (b). It is the average （5-2Type in the delta = /T, called conduction rate. When T unchanged, as long as the continuous change, can make the armature voltage average (namely dc component) from 0 to U, and continuous changes continually changing motor speed. The actual system with high PWM - M triode switch K. 2 ac servo motorAc servo motor drive is the latest development of new servo system, the machine is driven system for a new trend. The dc motor drive system ZhengLiuZi brush and often repair, motor and using environment size restriction shortcomings. It can speed in a wide range of torque, produce the ideal of simple structure, reliable operation, used for numerical control machine tool, to drive system for precision into position control.The working principle of ac servo motor with two phase asynchronous motor is similar. However, due to it in the nc machine tools as actuators, ac signal conversion for the angular velocity or on the rotor speed requirements, so how can reflect the control signal phase, it is not turning control signals. Especially when it has in turn, if control signals disappear, it immediately stop turning. But ordinary induction motors turn, if the control signal to disappear, it often cant stop immediately and will continue to roll.Also by ac servo motor stator and rotor. The stator windings and control winding is excitation, the difference in the space of two winding Angle of 90 electricity. If the two phase windings in amplitude and phase equal 90 Angle of the electric motor on voltage, the symmetry of air gap in the circular rotating magnetic field. If two voltage amplitude range for 90 or phase Angle of electric, magnetic fields produced by a rotating magnetic oval. Add in the control signal is different, the winding magnetic field generated by the ellipse is different also. For example, load torque must change control signals, and can change the ellipse, magnetic control servo motor speed. Ac servo motor control mode has 3 kinds: amplitude and phase control amplitude and phase hybrid control3 linear motor drive technologyGeneral motors is turning to work. But with rotating motor drive traffic tools (such as electric locomotive and city in the trolley, etc) need to do with rotating linear motion of the motor driving machine parts also should make linear motion. This will need to increase the rotation movement into a set of linear motion can directly use device. The motor to drive straight movement, eliminating this suit? Several decades ago, people put forward this problem. Now has made a straight-line movement of the motor, linear motor.Linear motor principle is not complicated. Imagine an induction motor rotate along the movement direction of the radius and flattening dividing, it became a linear induction motor (chart) in the linear motor, equivalent to rotate the motor stator, called primary, The equivalent of motor rotor spinning, subprime. Primary zhongtong to exchange, subprime on electromagnetic force under the action of linear motion along the primary do. Then primary do very long, extends to the movement of the need to achieve, but does not need so long subprime. Actually, linear motor can regard primary do very long, also can make long; secondary Can both primary and secondary mobile, fixed fixed, junior secondary also can move.Linear motor is a new kind of motor, in recent years, wide application. Maglev train is driven by motor.Maglev train is a kind of brand-new. Generally, because the train wheel and rail, limit the friction between the speed increase, it can reach the highest speed than 300km/n. maglev train, with magnetic suspension is to train and guide, by reducing friction, from contact, improve speed. By the linear motor train traction. Linear motor in the ground level, a fixed extends far to guide together, Another level installation on the train to exchange links. Primary, train the guide. Train is equipped with magnets (some fat&oil linear motor coil magnet), with the train when motion, make in the ground wire (or metal plates induced current in the magnetic induction current, and trains the magnet (or coil) of the electromagnetic force between the train is suspended. The advantages of suspension trains is running smoothly, no turbulence, low noise, small, as long as the traction for thousands of power can make kw suspension speed of trains to 550km/h. suspension trains deceleration, magnetic field changes, also reduced, magnetic induction current abate, causing levitation force trains were suspended. Equipped with a wheel device, its like aircraft wheel, in the procession, timely income can train stops down to support the train.To make the quality of the huge magnetic levitation train on, need strong magnetic field, the practical need with HTS windings such strong magnetic field.Linear motor except for maglev train, also widely used in other aspects, such as system, electrical QiChui, electromagnetic mixer etc. In China, the linear motor is also gradually get promotion and application of the principle of linear motor. Though not complicated, but in the design and manufacturing has its own characteristics, the product is still not mature, motor that further research and improvement.Linear motor servo system in the application in the world, in recent years has also get attention, machine tool industry in western industrialized region and a hot linear motor.The machine adopts feeding system, in line with the direct drive motor rotate motor drive the biggest difference is cancelled from motor to workbench (dragging plate) between mechanical transmission link, the machine into the length of the transmission chain to zero, the transmission way has been called the zero transmission. Because of this zero manner, driving the rotating motor driving mode can achieve performance index and advantages.1.the high response system directly cancelled due to some of the response time constant of mechanical transmission parts (such as ball screw, etc.), make whole closed-loop control system dynamic performance greatly improve sensitive reaction.2 precision linear drive system cancelled due to the ball screw transmission mechanism of such errors and reduce the gap and the interpolation of transmission system lags movement of the tracking error. Through the line position detection In 1987 the International electrotechnical commission (Electrical) issued by the International aid of PLC in the draft standards PLC made below definition:PLC is a specialized in industrial environment design and application of the electronic device digital computing operations. It can b