生物医学工程外文翻译---高能磁场刺激对蟾蜍心脏搏动影响的生物学研究.docx

附录英文文献及翻译Biological effects of the Magnetic Stimulation on the Toad HeartHongwei Lei,Yuyuan Du,Yina Li,Chunling Liu,Xu Wan2007 IEEE/ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering-CME2007Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R.CHINAAbstract-We stimulated the exposed toad heart by a low frequency and high energy magnetic. By analyze the data of this experiment, it shows that the pulsating of the weak toad heart would make change after stimulated by magnetic. Weak heartbeat strengthened, the single peak curve would become the two peaks curve with atria wave and ventricle wave after the magnetic stimulation. But the cycling of rhythmic pulsatile curve of toad doesnt change.I. INTRODUTIONAll life forms have magnetism. All kinds of magnetic field would have some effects on the configuration and activities of life forms that whichever environmental magnetic, additional magnetic or inside magnetic of organism. The biologic effects are related to the characteristics and the intension of the magnetic field, as well as the species and the tissues of the life forms.The experimentation showed that magnetism stimulation in some range would control the growth of rat tumour, whatever they are in or out the body. Much more they can induce the cancer cells dead.30mT magnetic stimulation would increase the content of NO in the liver and the kidney.Magnetic also can improve the activity of some enzyme and promote the regeneration of nerve tissue.Cell would increase, the bones would be concrescence, the scar would be rehabilitate.The blood rheology and blood cell number both of human and rat would change obviously, DI the blood mucosity would be low.Heart is the most important apparatus of life. It pulsates day and night. Heart once stop pulsating, the life for danger.Numerous scholar pays attention to the role of magnetic field.But they just studied the effects of magnetic stimulation of the heart pacemaker. The experiments about direct effects of stimulate heart by magnetic is very few.The toads are our experiment animals.We stimulated and noted by the magnetic stimulation equipment and the noted equipment of pulsatile curve made by ourselves. Analyze the results.II. STUFFA.Experiment equipments:magnetic stimulation equipment; (magnetic intension 8-10T, impulse width 150ms,maximal stimulation frequency 5Hz);software of noted pulsatile curve (made by ourselves);cardiomuscular transducer; Ringer.Sol ;Batrachia instruments; clip of frog heart; cotton thread; burette.B.Experiment animals: toads.III. METHODA. Destroy the brain and the spinal cord of the toad by stylet:Penetrate into the occipital aperture upright with stylet,destroyed the brain upwards, take back the stylet and destroy the spinal downwards. If the limb of toad were relaxed, it showed that the brain and spinal were destroyed completely.B. Expose the toad heart: Make the toad lying on its back on the winding center. The magnetic aspect is upright through the toad heart.Cut the ventral skin of toad, snip the breastbone,expose the rat heart. Nip the heart tip by clip carefully. Make the cotton thread tied with the clip of frog hear the linked with the cardiomuscular transducer. Do not make the toad heart leave thorax, or it would disturb the experiment results.C.Noted the result:Connect the cardiomuscular transducer with the computer. Take notes the curve of toad heart without giving the stimulate of magnetic fieldD. After three minutes, noted the weak pulsatile curve.E . Make the magnetic intension 10T, electricize 10s.Stimulate the toad heart and record the pulsatile curve.IV. RESULTSThe abscissa of cardiac rhythmic pulsatile curve is time, the ordinate is constriction power. Take notes for the pulsatile curve of toad heart that exposed just.We can know the rhythmic pulsatile cycle of the toad heart is 1.5s from fig 1 which show the cardiac rhythmic pulsatile curve of the toad which was exposed the heart just now. There are two waves in each cycle, one is atria wave, the other is ventricle wave. The atria wave is 0.5s and the ventricle wave is 1.0s. The constriction power of atria is less than that of ventricle. The amplitude of constriction power of ventricle is the 2 times of the atria.Fig. 4.1. It is rhythmic pulsatile curve of the toad without magnetic stimulation.The constriction power of toad heart would become weaker after the toad heart was exposed for a while. At the same time,atrium wave and ventricle wave can not be already distinguished. Heart contracting amplitude were reduced obviously, do not go to the half of original atrium wave. The rhythmic pulsatile cycle of the toad heart is still 1.5s.Fig. 4.2. It is the weak pulsatile curve of toad without magnetic stimulation.But we can distinguish the atria wave and the ventricle wave again after giving the toad heart a magnetic stimulation on following picture. And the amplitude of ventricle waves is more than that of the single wave. The rhythmic pulsatile cycle of the toad heart is still 1.5s.There were six toads as experiment animal in our experiment.After exposing heart a time, the rhythmic pulsatile curve all became single peak curve. Stimulate them when the single amplitude was 0.95. Noted the data and analyze them.Following is the pulsatile curve of the six toads recorded which were stimulated by magnetic field.Fig. 4.3. It is the pulsatile curve of the fist toad which heart was stimulated by magnetic field.Fig. 4.4. It is the pulsatile curve of the second toad which heart was stimulated by magnetic field.Fig. 4.5. It is the pulsatile curve of the third toad which heart was stimulated by magnetic field.Fig. 4.6. It is the pulsatile curve of the fourth toad which heart was stimulated by magnetic field.Fig. 4.7. It is the pulsatile curve of the fifth toad which heart was stimulated by magnetic field.Fig. 4.8. It is the pulsatile curve of the six toads which heart was stimulated by magnetic field.V. COMPARISIIONRecord ventricle wave amplitude and atrium wave amplitude of the six toads after magnetic stimulation.Table. 5.1. From Toad1to Toad6 expressed the six toads which was stimulated by magnetic field. The Toad0 expressed the toad which was not stimulated by magnetic field. Toad7 expressed the toad which pulsated weakly.amplitudes of atria waveamplitudes of ventricle waveToad02.2752.34Toad11.1401.170Toad21.1201.129Toad31.1651.18Toad41.1201.128Toad51.2141.230Toad61.1511.169Toad70.95Express the toad which was not stimulated by magnetic withToad 0, and express the toad which pulsate weakly withToad 7. Make histogram to contrast by these data. The first histogram was made by the data of the pulsatile amplitudes of when toad was not gets stimulate and pulsate weakly, as well as the pulsatile amplitude of the fist stimulated toad. After magnetic stimulation, amplitudes of atria wave and ventricle wave were higher than single wave of weak heart. But it is more low than the amplitudes of heart when just exposes obviously.Fig. 5.1. The histogram was make by the amplitudes of the toad exposed heart justly and the toad which stimulated by magnetic field, the toad which pulsate weakly. The Toad 0 expressed the toad which was not stimulated by magnetic field. The Toad 1 expressed the fist toad which was stimulated by magnetic field. The Toad 7 expressed the toad which pulsated weakly.Make histogram respectively with the data of amplitude of each toad stimulated by magnetic field and the amplitude of single wave. Make histogram with the data of amplitudes of six toads stimulated by magnetic field, and compare them.Fig. 5.2. The histogram was made by the amplitudes of the first toad which was stimulated by magnetic field and the toad which pulsate weakly. TheToad 1 expressed the fist toad which was stimulated by magnetic field. TheToad 7 expressed the toad which pulsated weakly.Fig. 5.3. The histogram was made by the amplitudes of the second toad which was stimulated by magnetic field and the toad which pulsate weakly The Toad2 expressed the second toad which was stimulated by magnetic field. The Toad7 expressed the toad which pulsated weakly.Fig. 5.4. The histogram was made by the amplitudes of the third toad which was stimulated by magnetic field and the toad which pulsate weakly. TheToad 3 expressed the third toad which was stimulated by magnetic field. TheToad 7 expressed the toad which pulsated weakly.Fig. 5.5. The histogram was made by the amplitudes of the fourth toad which was stimulated by magnetic field and the toad which pulsate weakly. The Toad 4 expressed the fourth toad which was stimulated by magnetic field.The Toad 7 expressed the toad which pulsated weakly.Fig. 5.6. The histogram was made by the amplitudes of the fifth toad which was stimulated by magnetic field and the toad which pulsate weakly. The Toad5 expressed the fifth toad which was stimulated by magnetic field. The Toad7 expressed the toad which pulsated weakly.Fig. 5.7. The histogram was made by the amplitudes of the was stimulated by magnetic field and the toad which puls,Toad 6 expressed the sixth toad which was stimulated by ma Toad 7 expressed the toad which pulsated weakly.Fig. 5.8. The histogram was made by the amplitudes of the was stimulated by magnetic field.Fig. 5.9. The histogram was made by the amplitudes of the was stimulated by magnetic field and the toad which pulsate weakly.There is discrepancy between the pulsatile a each toad which stimulated by magnetic field. This is dividual discrepancy, it is related with the strong of the experiment animals. But if compared these pulsatile amplitudes of toads which stimulated by magnetic field with amplitude of the toad which pulsated weakly at the same time of discrepancy is very not obvious.VI. CONCLUSIONSThere are a P wave and a QRS wan electrocardiogram.Compare the pulsatile curve with the electrocardiogram to we can discover that the P wave that express atrium constriction is earlier than atria wave.the ORS wave that express ventricle constriction is earlier than ventricle constriction is earlier than ventricle wave. Heart constriction connected closely with the change of biological electricity of cardiac muscle. Before heart contracts,must occur on muscle cell membrane a movement potential that can be conducted, pass through then excited-contract unite can just arouse muscle cell contract to respond. The P wave and QRS wave of electrocardiogram reflect atrium and ventricle respectively with the electrical change in polarization course. Atrium wave and ventricle wave reflect atrium and ventricle respectively the mechanical campaign. Mechanical campaign is only initiated from electrical campaign. So P wave is earlier than atrium wave, QRS wave are earlier than ventricle sixth toad which wave.When the pulsatile rhythmically of heart stopped or in disorder.the electric attack would be helpful on clinic data. The magnetism stimulation may have the same effects as the electric stimulation based on electromagnetism.The pulsatile curve of toad which just exposed heart can divide into atrium wave and ventricle wave. After a time, heart is weak gradually, right now, heart contracts intensity weakens obviously. Atrium wave can not already distinguish with ventricle wave on the curves of toad weak pulsatile curve Original two summit curves change to single summit curve,and contract range reduces obviously. Do not go to the half of original atrium wave. But heart pulsatile period still ask 1 second. Stimulate toad heart, the direction of magnetic field vertical cross toad heart center from the back to belly. Take Toad 6 notes at once, the pulsatile curve of toad recovery became original two summit curves. And the amplitude of ventricle six toads which wave worth than single wave is in height of.Tested result proves that the magnetic stimulation of high energy can promote toad heart strength obviously, but for the pulsatile curve period does not be acted on obviously. Can make the curve of pulsatile curve already can not be districted the atrium wave and ventricle of the weak heart recovery that atrium constriction with ventricle constriction alternately.The cell of cardiac muscle has special electrical physiology.Electrical stimulate can affect the electrical physiology moving of heart obviously. Magnetic field and electric field have the characteristic that changes mutually. The role of extra magnetic field can also arouse the ion current in the organism toad 7 cell of cardiac muscle to occur change. Therefore, it changes the electrical physiological campaign of the cell of cardiac muscle, change heart contract condition. Compared with direct electrical stimulation, the magnetic stimulation has a lot of advantages. It shows by clinical information, eliminate the heart shake of human body with current (go through chest wall) to need the energy of 150-350 J probably, directly eliminate heart shake to need the energy of 16-24 J probably. Specific size and the current distribution of electrode have relevant uniformity. The magnetism of biological organization is even basically, magnetic field reaches the deeply layer organization of organism very easily on toad through skin and skeleton. The magnetic stimulation does not have wound. The resistance rate of skin and skeleton is great.Induction current and organization resistance become inverse ratio. There is a small current passes through organism when was stimulated by magnetic field, so person does not have uncomfortable feeling. The body and coil are not contacted in the magnetic stimulation therefore we can stimulate directly without doing any handling for skin in advanced, will not arouse pain.And the body does not have electricity connect with environment, so have very good safety.Just start for the study of biological effects of the magnetic stimulation on life-form.Quantification of the effects of the magnetic stimulation of pulsatile curve still needs to be study furtherACKNOWLEDGMENTThis paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinese (No. 59977024)REFERENCES1 A.B. Smith, C.D. Jones, and E.F. Roberts, Article Title, Journal,Publisher, Location, Date, pp. 1-10.2 Jones, C.D., A.B. Smith, and E.F. Roberts, Book Title, Publisher,Location, Date.3 Xiao Hongyu, Zhou Wanshong, the Development of the Biological Effect of Magnetic Field on Home. Chin .T Phvs Thcr, Fclnvarv. 1999, Vol. 22.4 Chang Hanyin, BIOMAGNIJTISM, 2003; 3(2): 6.5 Li Guodong, the Research and Development of Biological Magnetism Application on 2003- 2004. BIOMAGNIJTISM, 2004 Vol.4, NO.4:25-26.6 Yao Tai, Physiology M, Beijing: Peoples sanitary press, 2001. SE57.7 Guo Fengmei, Zhang Guilian, Cheng Xianghui, Liu Jianling,BIOMAGNIJTISM 2004 Vol. 4, No. 2.8 Song Shijun, Guo Shumei, Wang Fuwei, the Method that Synchronous Record Machinery and Electricity Activity of Frog Heart. TOLRNAL OF HEBEI MIDICAL UNIVERSITI, VOL. 27, N o. 4 July 2000.高能磁场刺激对蟾蜍心脏搏动影响的生物学研究Hongwei Lei，Yuyuan Du，Yina Li，Chunling Liu，Xu Wan2007年IEEE/ICME国际复合医学工程CME2007会议生物医学工程研究所，东北大学，沈阳，辽宁110004，P.R.CHINA摘要：我们采用低频高能磁场对蟾蜍的暴露心脏给予刺激，实验结果表明一定强度的磁场刺激可使衰弱的蟾蜍心脏搏动有增强，表现为心肌收缩力度增强,心搏收缩曲线由衰弱时的单波曲线恢复为体现心房收缩和心室收缩的双波曲线，但心脏收缩周期不变。、简介所有生物体都具有磁场，在生物体周围的环境中也常常存在着很多形式的磁场，这些磁场对生物体的组织结构和生理活动都会产生一定影响。磁场对生物体的影响效应一方面和磁场本身的特征相关,别一方面也和生物的种类和磁场的作用部位有关。研究实验表明在一定的强度范围骨磁场刺激可以有效抑制小鼠肿瘤的生长1,对离体癌细胞也有抑制作用,甚至会诱导鼠癌细胞凋亡,效果显著3。30mT磁场可使大鼠肝组织、肾组织NO含量增高2。磁场还可以提高生物体内抗氧化酶的活性,促进神经组织的再生6。特定强度的磁场作用一定时间后会对组织细胞的增殖产生促进作用,对骨折愈合作用,疤痕修复都的增殖产生促进作用,对骨折愈合作用,疤痕修复都有显著治疗作用4。研究表明恒磁场环境对人和鼠的血液流变学及血细胞数有较明显的影响3,可使血液粘度降低5。心脏是生物体最重要的器官,昼夜不停进行规律性搏动,心脏一旦停止跳动就会危及生物体的生命。临床资料已表明当心脏发生搏动停止或心跳节律发生紊乱时及时采用电击方法可以有效的使心脏除颤和复律。那么基于电磁理论,对生物体采取相应的磁刺激也应该产生于电刺激相同的生物效应。我们以蟾蜍为实验对象，用本实验室研发的磁场刺激器对蟾赊进行磁场刺激,记录实验结果,并进行分析。、材料A.设备：磁场刺激器(本实验室研发，磁场强度8-10T，脉冲宽度150ms，最大刺激频率5Hz)；心搏信号检测软件(本实验室研发)；张力换能器；任氏液；蛙类手术器械；蛙心夹；棉线；滴定管。B.实验动物：蟾蜍。、方法A.将探针在蟾蜍枕骨大孔处垂直刺人椎管，然后向上刺人颅腔彻底毁损脑组织再将探针退回进针处，向下刺人椎管内，捣毁脊髓。如果蟾蜍四肢松软表明脑和脊髓己完全破坏。B.将蟾蜍仰卧位置于磁场刺激器线圈上，蟾蜍心脏位于线圈中央，从而使磁场方向垂直向上穿过蟾蜍心脏。用镊子提起蟾蜍腹部皮肤，成倒三角形剪开，再提起胸骨柄，沿胸骨正中剪开胸骨，打开蟾蜍胸腔，小自剪开心包膜暴露出心脏。用蛙心夹夹住蟾蜍心尖部分少许，将蛙心夹上的棉线与张力换能器相连，不要使心脏离开胸腔，避免将心室吊起而影响记录结果。C.将张力换能器与计算机相连，启动心搏信号检测软件，记录没有给予磁场刺激时蟾蜍心脏的心搏活动曲线。D.3分钟后，记录此时的心搏活动曲线。E.将磁场强度设定为10T，充电10秒，给予蟾赊心脏一次磁场刺激，记录此后蟾蜍的心搏活动曲线。、结果实验记录的心搏曲线横坐标为时间，纵坐标表示心脏的收缩强度，毁髓后刚刚暴露的蟾蜍心脏搏动曲线为参考值。我们可以知道刚刚暴露的心脏蟾蜍的心脏波动周期为1.5s，每一个心搏周期有两个波，一个是心房收缩波，另一个是心室收缩波。心房收缩波约持续0.5s，心室收缩波约持续1s，心房收缩波的收缩力弱于心室收缩波，心室收缩波的幅值约是心房收缩波的二倍。 图4.1.蟾蜍心脏刚刚暴露未受磁刺激时的心搏曲线蟾蜍心脏暴露一会儿后，心脏的收缩力会越来越弱。与此同时，心房波与心室波无法区分。心脏承包幅度明显减少，不走原来心房波的一半。蟾蜍心脏的节律性搏动周期仍然是1.5s。图4.2.蟾蜍心脏跳动非常微弱是的心搏曲线但是给予蟾蜍心脏一次磁刺激后，我们可以看到蟾蜍心脏心搏曲线恢复到原来的双波曲线，心房收缩波幅值和心室收缩波幅值都比单波曲线的幅值有较大的提高，心搏周期仍然约为1.5s。本实验对六只蟾蜍进行了磁场刺激。在蟾蜍心脏暴露一段时间后，它们的心脏收缩波形都变为单峰波。当心脏收缩波的幅度为0.95时，给予蟾蜍心脏一次磁场刺激，并记录实验数据。以下是进行磁场刺激后六只蟾蜍的心搏收缩曲线。图4.3.第一只蟾蜍受磁刺激后心搏曲线图4.4.第二只蟾蜍受磁刺激后心搏曲线图4.5.第三只蟾蜍受磁刺激后心搏曲线图4.6.第四只蟾蜍受磁刺激后心搏曲线图4.7.第五只蟾蜍受磁刺激后心搏曲线图4.8.第六只蟾蜍受磁刺激后心搏曲线、比较记录了六个蟾蜍心脏在磁刺激后的心室波振幅和心房波振幅后。对心房收缩波的幅值和心室收缩波的幅值进行统计分析，结果如下：表5.1.从“蟾蜍1”到“蟾蜍6”为受磁刺激的蟾蜍；“蟾蜍0”为刚刚暴露心脏未受磁刺激的蟾蜍；“蟾蜍7”为心脏跳动微弱但还未收磁刺激的蟾蜍。心房收缩波幅值心室收缩波幅值蟾蜍02.2752.34蟾蜍11.1401.170蟾蜍21.1201.129蟾蜍31.1651.18蟾蜍41.1201.128蟾蜍51.2141.230蟾蜍61.1511.169蟾蜍70.95“蟾蜍0”是刚刚暴露了心脏还没有接受磁场刺激的蟾赊,“蟾蜍7”是心脏跳动已经非常虚弱但还没有接受磁场刺激的蟾赊.对蟾蜍暴露心脏后马上进行心搏情况记录。心脏暴露一定时间后，蟾蜍心跳明显减弱，这时再进行记录，然后给予蟾蜍心脏一次磁场刺激，记录刺激结束后的蟾蜍心跳情况。由数据看到，经过磁场刺激后，蟾蜍的心房波和心室波的幅值都高于心跳为单峰波时的幅值但仍然要比刚刚暴露心脏时蟾蛛的心跳幅值要低图5.1.为刚暴露心脏的蟾蜍和磁场刺激后的蟾蜍以及心跳减弱但还没有进行磁场刺激的蟾蜍的心搏曲线幅值的直方图。“蟾蜍0”为刚暴露心脏的蟾蜍；“蟾蜍1”为磁场刺激的第一只蟾蜍；“蟾蜍7”为心跳减弱但还没有进行磁场刺激的蟾蜍。将磁场刺激后的每只蟾蜍的心跳幅值和单峰波的幅值建立直方图，再将六只经过磁场刺激的蟾蜍的心跳幅值建立直方图，并进行比较。图5.2.第一只经磁刺激后蟾蜍的心搏幅值和心跳减弱但未受到磁刺激的蟾蜍心搏幅值的直方图。“蟾蜍1”为第一只经磁刺激后的蟾蜍。“蟾蜍7”为心