iPhone开发教程之人机界面原则：创建优秀的用户界面.pptx

中国移动互联网研发培训专家 iPhone开发教程之人机界面原则：创建优 秀的用户界面 概述 隐喻 直接操纵 即看即点 反馈 用户控制 美学集成度 中国移动互联网研发培训专家 A great user interface follows human interface design principles that are based on the way peopleusersthink and work, not on the capabilities of the device. A user interface that is unattractive, convoluted, or illogical can make even a great application seem like a chore to use. But a beautiful, intuitive, compelling user interface enhances an applications functionality and inspires a positive emotional attachment in users. 概述 中国移动互联网研发培训专家 一个优秀用户界面应该遵循一些人机界面设计原则 ，这些原则来源于人用户思考和工作的方 式，而不是设备的性能。如果一个用户界面没有吸 引力，令人费解，或不合逻辑，那么即使是一个伟 大的应用程序也会因此让用户觉得烦琐。但是，一 个美观的，无需用户思考且引人入胜的用户界面不 仅可以改善应用程序功能，还能激发用户对应用程 序产生正面情感和依赖感。 iPhone开发教程 中国移动互联网研发培训专家 You should read this chapter even if you are already familiar with these fundamental principles, because it focuses on how to apply them to iPhone applications. 即便你已经熟悉这些基本的原则，你也应该阅读本 章，因为本章的重点是讲如何在 iPhone 应用程序 中体现它们。 iPhone开发教程 中国移动互联网研发培训专家 When possible, model your applications objects and actions on objects and actions in the real world. This technique especially helps novice users quickly grasp how your application works. Folders are a classic software metaphor. People file things in folders in the real world, so they immediately understand the idea of putting data into folders on a computer. 如果可能，将你的应用程序的对象和操作按照现实世界 中的对象与操作仿造。特别是对于新手用户，这项技术 能够帮助他们快速领会你的应用程序是如何工作的。文 件夹是一个经典的软件隐喻。在现实世界中人们把文档 放到文件夹中，所以他们很快会明白把数据放到计算机 的文件夹中。 iPhone开发教程之隐喻 中国移动互联网研发培训专家 Metaphors in iPhone OS include iPod playback controls, tapping controls to make things happen, sliding on-off switches, and flicking through the data shown on picker wheels. 隐喻在 iPhone 操作系统中包括，iPod 的回放控制 ，轻触控制以触发事件，滑动解锁开关，快速查看 在选取器滚轮内的数据。 iPhone开发教程 中国移动互联网研发培训专家 Although metaphors suggest a use for objects and actions in the iPhone OS interface, that use does not limit the software implementation of the metaphor. To return to the folder example, a folder object implemented in software has a capacity thats completely unrelated to the physical capacity of its real-world counterpart. 尽管隐喻暗示了各种对象和操作在 iPhone 操作系统界 面中的用途，但是这些用途并不限制隐喻在软件中的实 施。再回到文件夹这个例子，在软件中一个文件夹的存 储能力与其在真实世界中的物理容量完全无关。 iPhone开发教程 中国移动互联网研发培训专家 As you design your application, be aware of the metaphors that exist in iPhone OS and dont redefine them. At the same time, examine the task your application performs to see if there are natural metaphors you can use. Bear in mind, though, that its better to use standard controls and actions than to stretch a real-world object or action just to fit your applications user interface. Unless the metaphors you choose are likely to be recognized by most of your users, including them will increase confusion instead of decrease it. 当您设计您的应用程序时，请认识到 iPhone 操作系统存在的隐 喻，并且不要对这些隐喻重新定义。同时，检查你的应用程序执 行任务是的表现，看看是否有自然的隐喻可以使用。请记住，相 比为您的应用程序单独增加一个合适的符合真实世界的对象和操 作的用户界面，使用标准的控件和操作反而更好。除非你选择的 隐喻能被您的绝大部分用户理解，包括那些会增加而不是减少用 户困惑的隐喻。 iPhone开发教程 中国移动互联网研发培训专家 Direct manipulation means that people feel they are controlling something tangible, not abstract. The benefit of following the principle of direct manipulation is that users more readily understand the results of their actions when they can directly manipulate the objects involved. 直接操纵意味着人们觉得他们都在控制切实的而不 是抽象的东西。遵循直接操纵的原则的好处是，用 户更容易了解他们的操作对于操纵对象所产生的结 果。 iPhone开发教程之直接操纵 中国移动互联网研发培训专家 iPhone OS users enjoy a heightened sense of direct manipulation because of the Multi-Touch interface. Using gestures, people feel a greater affinity for, and sense of control over, the objects they see on screen, because they do not use any intermediate device (such as a mouse) to manipulate them. 因为其多点触摸界面，iPhone 操作系统的用户享受着 高度的直接操纵的愉悦感受。使用手势操作让用户对他 们在屏幕上看到的对象，感觉上更具亲和力，和控制感 ，因为他们不必使用任何中间设备（如鼠标）操纵它 们。 iPhone开发教程 中国移动互联网研发培训专家 To enhance the sense of direct manipulation in your iPhone application, make sure that: 为了提高你的 iPhone 应用程序中的直接操纵感， 请确保： Objects on the screen remain visible while the user performs actions on them 当用户对在屏幕上的对象执行操作时，要保持他们 可见 The result of the users action is immediately apparent 用户的操作结果是立即地显而易见 iPhone开发教程 中国移动互联网研发培训专家 An iPhone application is better than a person at remembering lists of options, commands, data, and so on. Take advantage of this by presenting choices or options in list form, so users can easily scan them and make a choice. Keeping text input to a minimum frees users from having to spend a lot of time typing and frees your application from having to perform a lot of error checking. iPhone 应用程序是比一个人更善于记忆一些选项列表 ，命令，数据等。利用这个优势，以列表的形式给用户 提供选择或选项，所以用户可以方便地扫描然后做选 择。尽量减少文本输入使用户不必花费大量的时间打字 ，这样也避免了应用程序执行错误检查。 iPhone开发教程之即看即点 中国移动互联网研发培训专家 Presenting choices to the user, instead of asking for more open-ended input, also allows them to concentrate on accomplishing tasks with your application, instead of remembering how to operate it. 提供选择给用户，而不是要求更多开放性的输入， 同时,允许可以让用户集中精力在你的应用程序完 成任务，而不是去记忆如何操作它。 iPhone开发教程 中国移动互联网研发培训专家 In addition to seeing the results of their actions, users need immediate feedback when they operate controls and status reports during lengthy operations. Your application should respond to every user action with some visible change. For example, make sure list items highlight briefly when users tap them. Audible feedback also helps, but it cant be the primary or sole feedback mechanism because people may use iPhone OSbased devices in places where they cant hear or where they must turn off the sound. In addition, you dont want to compete with the iPhone OS system sounds users already associate with system alerts. iPhone开发教程之反馈 中国移动互联网研发培训专家 用户除了要看到他们操作的结果，还需要得到操作 控件时的即时反馈，以及在长时间操作中的状态报 告。您的应用程序应提供明显的变化来响应每个用 户操作。例如，确保列表选项时在用户点击时暂时 的高亮。声音提示也很有效，但它不能成为主要或 唯一的反馈机制，因为人们可能会在无法听到声音 ，或他们必须关闭声音的地方，使用携带 iPhone 操作系统的设备。况且，您也不想与 iPhone 操作 系统的声音进行竞争，因为用户常把它认为是警 告。 iPhone开发教程 中国移动互联网研发培训专家 iPhone OS automatically provides feedback when its temporarily busy by displaying the activity indicator. During operations that last more than a few seconds, your application should show elapsing progress and, if appropriate, display an explanatory message. 当系统暂时繁忙时，iPhone 操作系统自动地提供 操作反馈：显示活动指示器；当系统操作持续超过 好几秒时，你的应用程序应显示消耗时间进度，并 且，如果有的话，显示解释性信息。 iPhone开发教程 中国移动互联网研发培训专家 Animation is a great way to provide feedback to users, as long as its both subtle and meaningful. Animation pervades iPhone OS, even in nonimmersive1applications. As a means of providing feedback, however, it is used to enhance the users experience, not as the focus of the users experience. 动画是向用户提供反馈的一种良好方式，它微妙而富有 含义。动画贯穿于整个iPhone操作系统中，甚至在非 沉浸式应用程序中。但作为提供反馈的一种手段，动画 只是常用于提高用户体验，它本身并不是用户体验的焦 点。 iPhone开发教程 中国移动互联网研发培训专家 Allow users, not your application, to initiate and control actions. Keep actions simple and straightforward so users can easily understand and remember them. Whenever possible, use standard controls and behaviors that users are already familiar with. 让用户，而不是您的应用程序，去触发并控制操 作。保持操作的简单和直接，因此用户能够很容易 地理解并记住他们。尽可能地使用标准的控件和用 户已经熟悉的行为。 iPhone开发教程之用户控制 中国移动互联网研发培训专家 Provide ample opportunity to cancel operations before they begin, and be sure to get confirmation when the user initiates a potentially destructive action. Whenever possible, allow users to gracefully stop an operation thats underway. 在操作执行之前，应提供充分的取消操作的选择， 确保当用户触发一个潜在危险的操作时，与用户进 行确认。尽可能地使用户能够舒服地中止一个操作 的执行。 iPhone开发教程 中国移动互联网研发培训专家 Although the ultimate purpose of an application is to enable a task, even if that task is playing a game, the importance of an applications appearance should not be underestimated. This is because appearance has a strong impact on functionality: An application that appears cluttered or illogical is hard to understand and use. 尽管一个应用程序的最终目的是为了完成某个任务，甚 至可能只是玩游戏，我们也不应低估应用程序外观的重 要性。这是因为外观对功能有很大的影响：如果一个应 用程序看起来很混乱或不合逻辑的话，也必然是很难理 解和使用的。 iPhone开发教程之美学集成度 中国移动互联网研发培训专家 Aesthetic integrity is not a measure of how beautiful your application is. Its a measure of how well the appearance of yo