英语专业综合教程第一册unit.doc

Unit 3 Whatever Happened to Manners?Section One Pre-reading Activities2I. Reading aloud2II.Cultural information2III. Audiovisual supplements2Section Two Global Reading4I. Text analysis4II. Structural analysis4Section Three Detailed Reading5Text I5Section Four Consolidation Activities14I. Vocabulary Analysis14II Grammar Exercise19III. Translation exercises21IV. Exercises for integrated skills22V. Oral activities23VI. Writing Practice24VII. Listening Exercises25Section Five Further Enhancement28I. Text II28II. Memorable Quotes30Section One Pre-reading ActivitiesI. Reading aloudRead the following sentences aloud, making a pause between sense groups.1. Do you remember a time | when people were a little nicer, | a little softer, | a little gentler with others?2. I recently got a thank-you note from a guest | who attended a 40th birthday party | that Frank and I hosted | for Franks daughter-in-law.3. Now, | I know we all have busy lives, | but the note my guest sent me | didnt take long to write.4. Being on time for lunch dates, | for example, | shows the person were meeting | that we value his or her precious time | as much as we do our own.5. If you re a husband, | how long has it been | since you walked in the door | with a rose for your wife?II.Cultural information1. QuoteJohann Wolfgang von Goethe: A mans manners are a mirror in which he shows his portrait.2. MannersGood manners are very important in the communication of daily life. Everyone likes a person with good manners. But what are good manners? How does one know what should do and what should not do when trying to be a good-mannered person?Here are some common examples. A person with good manners never laughs at a people in trouble. Instead, he (she) always tries to consult or offer help to the person. When he (she) takes a bus and sees an old man or a sick man, he (she) always gives his (her) seat to him. He doesnt interrupt other people when they are talking. Ideas of what are good manners vary in different regions. For example, people in Western countries usually kiss each other to show their greetings, whereas in China, kissing in public is something unusual and sometimes be regarded as impolite to somebody else. So it is important to know the polite and impolite behaviour before you go to a region. But it is always right to be kind and helpful to others. III. Audiovisual supplementsWatch a video clip and answer the following questions.1. Why is the girl disappointed after she talked with people in the market?2. Eliza, the girl in the video clip, was a flower girl in the market before she was taught the standard English and manners. What do you think about peoples manners? How can manners change a person?Answers to the Questions:1. Maybe she knew them before. But they couldnt recognize her even after talking with her. So she felt disappointed.2. Open.Video Script:Flower Girl: Buy a flower, Miss?Eliza: Yes, please.Man 1: Oh, good morning, Miss. Can I help you?Eliza: Do you mind if I warm my hands?Man 1: Go right ahead, Miss.Eliza: Yes?Man 2: Excuse me, Miss. For a second, I thought you were somebody else.Eliza: Who?Man 2: Forgive me, maam. Early morning light playing tricks with my eyes.Man 1: Can I get you a taxi, maam? A lady like you shouldnt be walking alone around London this hour of the morning.Eliza: No, thank you.Section Two Global ReadingI. Text analysisWhat is this essay concerned with?This essay is concerned with the necessity and significance of good manners.II. Structural analysis1. How is the essay organized? The essay is organized chiefly by means of the following methods: (1) the main idea is used as the main framework of the text; (2) the deductive method is employed in most of the paragraphs; (3) the writers personal experiences and some typical examples are made good use of as convincing evidence; (4) some key phrases, each of which stands in a single line, are used as subtitles.2. Work out the structure of the text by completing the table. Paragraph(s)Main idea1The writer puts forward her viewpoint: nowadays, many people show a lack of good manners; they are less friendly or less polite than people in the past.2-4The writer raises and proves her opinion: good manners are a sort of hidden beauty secret,which can make one feel better with a nice image.5-10The writer points out and illustrates the favorable influence of some specific good manners on the receivers.11The writer concludes that good manners are infectious; meanwhile, she expresses her sincere wish for a polite society.Section Three Detailed ReadingText I Whatever Happened to Manners?Linda Dano1. Do you remember a time when people were a little nicer, a little softer, a little gentler with each other? I certainly do, and I feel that much of the world has somehow gotten away from that. I see such a difference in New York City, for example, from when I first moved here more than 20 years ago: people rushing into elevators without giving those inside a chance to get off first, never saying “Thank you” when others hold a door open for them, or “Please” when they want a coworker to hand them something, never giving a wave or nod of appreciation when another motorist lets them pull out into traffic.2. We get lazy, and in our laziness we think that something like a simple “Thank you” doesnt really matter. But it can matter very much. The fact is that no matter how nicely we dress, how beautifully we decorate our homes, or how lovely our dinner parties are, we cant be truly stylish without good manners. 3. In fact, I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret. Havent you noticed that the kindest, most generous people seem to keep getting prettier? They become Cary Grant or Lauren Bacall right before our eyes. Its funny how that happens, but it does.4. Take the long-lost art of saying “Thank you.” Like wearing a little lipstick or making sure your hair is neat, getting into the habit of saying “Thank you” can make you feel better about yourself, and then you look better to everyone around you. A gracious manner not only sets an excellent example for your children and grandchildren but it adds priceless panache to your image.5. Positive ThankingOf course, saying “Thank you” does wonders for the person on the receiving end too. I recently got a thank-you note from a guest who attended a 40th birthday party that Frank and I hosted for Franks daughter-in-law. The note was lovely enough, but even lovelier was the fact that the guest had also included a recipe for a dish Id complimented her on at an earlier gathering. It was a sweet gesture that made me feel terrific and put me in a great mood. What a gift!6. Many of us know we should write thank-you notes, but we think we dont have the time or energy. Now, I know we all have busy lives, but I bet the note my guest sent me didnt take long to write. If you feel like a feel because youve put off sending a card, write a note that says, “I should have done this two weeks ago, but I didnt want to let another day go by without telling you how much I enjoyed your party.” Its much better than not writing at all.Magic Words 7. Just as powerful as a thank-you note is the simple phrase “Excuse me.” Dont you just hate it when someone knocks an enormous carry-on bag into your head when hes barreling down the aisle to board an airplane and then doesnt bother to say hes sorry? But when someone does stop and turn around and genuinely apologizes, doesnt it melt away most if not all of the irritation you felt?8. Same for holding the door open for others when you see their hands are full. Ill even do this for a hotel bellman carrying my luggage. Just because his job is to carry my bags doesnt mean he doesnt appreciate a little gesture that makes his life a wee bit easier. And punctuality is not a thing of the past, either. Being on time for lunch dates, for example, shows the person were meeting that we value his or her precious time as much as we do our own.9. Bringing Manners HomeAnd for heavens sake, we shouldnt forget to use good manners with our own families. Thats where it counts the most because those are the people we love the most. How lovely it would be to put a card on your spouses pillow at night to say “Thank you” for some dear thing he or she did for you or even just to say “I love you.” 10. Similarly, bringing home the most insignificant little presents for people you cherish will go a long way. It shows theyre in your thoughts and you want to make them happy. If youre a husband, how long has it been since you walked in the door with a rose for your wife? Or maybe her favorite candy even if its just a Snickers bar. Youd sure get my attention if you brought me a Snickers! I firmly believe spouses should be gracious about the routine things they expect each other to do. Show that you dont take the other person for granted. He or she is much more likely to treat you the same way.11. Good manners are infectious. Now, if we could just get everyone to catch them!Words and ExpressionsParagraph 1Questions:1) Which sentences in the first paragraph imply that in a general sense, people now are less gentle, less friendly or less polite than people in the past?The first two sentences of the first paragraph. 2) What examples does the writer give to show that many people in New York City are not friendly or polite with one another?The writer employs the following examples to illustrate the bad manners of people in New York City: People rush into elevators without giving those inside a chance to get off first; they never say “Thank you” when others hold a door open for them, or “Please” when they want a coworker to hand them something; they never give a wave or nod of appreciation when another motorist lets them pull out into traffic.Words and Expressions1. appreciate: vt.1) to recognize with gratitude; be grateful fore.g. We appreciate your helping us.2) to recognize or understand that something is valuable, important or as describede.g. Theres no point buying him expensive wines he doesnt appreciate them.Derivations:appreciation: n. appreciative: adj.Synonyms: enjoy, understandComparison: appreciate, enjoyappreciate: It means “to be thankful or grateful for something,” as well as “to like or value something for its good qualities.”e.g. We really appreciate all the help you gave us last weekend.enjoy: It stresses taking pleasure in a situation one is in, esp. to find satisfaction in doing something, and often appears in the structure of “ enjoy oneself”.e.g. Now that I am free, I can enjoy music for a while.既然有空，我可以享受一下音乐。2. pull out:1) (of a motor vehicle, boat, etc.) to move out of a sidewayse.g. A car suddenly pulled out in front of me. 一辆汽车突然横冲到我面前。2) to leave or departe.g. When I arrived, the train was pulling out of the station.Activity: Making a dialogueDirections: Make a dialogue with your partner. You are supposed to use the following words and phrases as many as possible. appreciate, appreciation, get away, somehow, pull outSentences:Do you remember a time when people were a little nicer, a little softer, a little gentler with each other? (Paragraph 1)Paraphrase: Years ago, people were kind and generous with each other, but now people are less gentle, less friendly or less polite than people in the past. Paragraphs 2-4Questions:1) According to the writer, how do good manners build up your image? (Paragraph 4)No matter what you wear,good manners make you feel better and look better, which can set good examples for your children and grandchildren.2) How do you understand the sentence “we cant be truly stylish without good manners”? (Paragraph 2) If we do not show good manners, we cannot be really stylish even though we wear the most stylish clothes, or decorate our homes most stylishly.Words and Expressions3. gracious: adj.1) behaving in a pleasant, polite, calm waye.g. The losing team were gracious in defeat. He was most gracious to everyone, smiling and thanking them.2) characterized by kindness and warm courtesy especially of a king to his subjectse.g. The queen was gracious enough to invite us. 女王亲切地邀请了我们。 He is gracious to his inferiors. 他待下级和蔼可亲。Synonyms: courteous, nice4. priceless: adj. describing an object which has such a high value, especially because it is rare, that the price of it cannot be calculatede.g. In its spacious halls are displayed over 8,000 priceless relics.在它宽敞的大厅里，展出了8000多件珍贵文物。Her one priceless asset is her unflappability.她有一点是非常难能可贵的，就是她遇事冷静。Synonym: preciousComparison: priceless, preciouspriceless: refering to something that is worth a lot of money or can not be calculated in monetary termsprecious: emphasizing the fact that something is valuable, rare and important, and should not be wasted, lost or used badlye.g. Pandas are precious creatures.熊猫是珍贵的动物。You should make good use of every precious minute to study.你应很好利用宝贵的每一分钟去学习。Her knowledge and experience would make her a priceless (= extremely useful) asset to the team.她的知识和经历对于整个团队来说是无价之宝。5. panache: n. a stylish, original and very confident way of doing things that makes peopleadmire youe.g. The orchestra played with great panache. 交响乐团的演奏十分优雅动听。Synonyms: dash, style, eleganceActivity: Sentence Making Direction：You are supposed to make sentences by using the following words as many as possible. gracious, priceless, panache, preciousSentences:1. . we cant be truly stylish without good manners (Paragraph 2) Paraphrase: If we do not have polite ways of treating other people and behaving in pubic, we cant be truly fashionable and attractive.Translation: 没有良好的习惯，我们不可能真正成为时尚的人。2. I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret. (Paragraph 3) Paraphrase: I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret whose nature cant be understood and explained.Question: What will good manners lead us to be?Good manners will lead us to be beautiful and attractive figures. 3. but it adds priceless panache to your image (Paragraph 4)Paraphrase: but a kind, gracious manner makes you look much more stylish, charming and admirable, contributing invaluably to your image.Paragraphs 5-10Questions:1) What good manners does the writer suggest that we should display? We should say Thank youwhen we are invited or helped, say Excuse me when we apologize,be punctual and bring good manners home.2) Do you agree with the writer that good manners with our families count the most? Justify your reply. (Paragraph 9) I couldnt agree more. Because family members are the people we love most. Its natural for us to show affectionate concern for them and make them feel nice and comfortable. So good manners matter the most among family members.Words and Expressions6. wonders: n. objects that cause a feeling of great surprise and admirationCollocation:do wonders for: If you say that a person or thing does wonders, you mean that they have a very good effect on something.e.g. Regular physical exercises will do wonders for your health.Synonyms: miracle, marvel, phenomenonDerivation: wonderful adj.7. compliment vt. to praise or express admiration for someoneCollocation: compliment sb. on sth.e.g. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation.Synonym: praise, applaud, flatterDerivations: complimentary: adj. praising or expressing admiration for someone compliment: n.Comparison: compliment, complement compliment: praise somebody for somethingcomplement: make something else seem better or more attractive when combining with itTranslation:1) 他连看都没看一眼，就称赞了她的新衣服。 He complimented her on her new dress without even looking at it.2) This wine complements the food perfectly. 用这种酒配这种菜肴最妙不过了。8. mood: n. the way you feel at a particular timee.g. His mood suddenly changed and he became calm. 他的情绪突然一变，冷静了下来。 The public mood changed dramatically after the bombing. 爆炸案发生后，公众的气氛急剧转变。 Im not in the mood to disagree with you. 我没有心思跟你争论。 Hes always in a bad mood (ie irritable and angry) on Mondays. 他每个星期一情心情都很差。Collocations:1) be in no mood for sth./to do sth.: to not want to do something with someone else, often because you are angry with them e.g. I was in no mood for chatting. Hes in no mood for (telling) jokes/to tell jokes. 他没心情说笑话。2) be in the mood: to feel like doing or having something e.g. Im not really in the mood for shopping.9. put off: to hold back to a later timee.g. She keeps putting off going to the dentist. 她老是拖延着不去看牙病。 Dont put off until tomorrow what can be done today. 今日事今日做。Synonyms: postpone, delay, prolong10. barrel: vi.(inf.) to travel somewhere very quickly e.g. We were barreling along the free way at 180 kph.11. irritation: n. when someone is made angry or annoyed, the person tends to develop irritation or feel annoyed by a source of irritation or annoyancee.g. The traffic noise is a constant irritation to city dwellers.车辆的噪音对城市居民是永无止境的骚扰。Derivations: irritate vt. irritable adj. irritating adj. 12. punctuality n. the quality or habit of being on timee.g. Our boss urged on us the significance of punctuality. 老板向我们强调守时的重要性。Derivation: punctual adj.13. count 1) vt. to say the names of numbers one after the other in order, or to calculate the number of people or things in a groupe.g. Count your mone