外文翻译---浅析建筑材料钢结构检测.doc

Analyses to detect the steel structure of building materialAbstract: the article briefly introduces the construction steel structure material properties and detection methods, focusing on the steel structure detection method and quality detection method in this paper, the analysis, to ensure the quality of light steel structure, steel structure material performance into full play.Key words: steel structure inspection; Steel structural materials; Quality inspection; Quality evaluationSteel structure detection in individual ascension detection technology at the same time, pay attention to the development and implementation of integration, perfect the complete steel structure detection technology, including steel mechanical properties tests (tensile, bending, impact, hardness) fasteners, mechanical performance testing, steel structure (sliding resistance coefficient, axial force), steel metallurgical testing analysis, microstructure analysis, micro-hardness testing), steel, chemical composition analysis, nondestructive testing, steel structure steel structure stress testing and monitoring, coating testing such as complete sets of testing technology.A, steel structure material From the use point of view, strength, plasticity, weldability and cold short destructive is building the basic performance of steel. Monomial index of the material does not represent all of its features, must be based on the comprehensive evaluation indicators of routine test. Assessment should also collect the following data for reference data: in the steel production of time, the supply of steel technology condition and product specifications. Must find out the steel grades, technical indicators, ultimate strength, yield strength, tensile elongation, cold, repeated bending, impact toughness, and chemical composition, etc. Material inspection including steel profiles (including welding h-beam, welded pipe), welding, bolts ball and connection fasteners testing, material, welding, bolts ball is the basic elements of steel structure engineering, its quality is directly related to the quality of the project. Profiles, it is material to grow milling width of specimen and then stretch the cold bending test, the physical properties testing; Welding ball is must be the diameter of the pipe welding according to the standard, then the tensile compressive tests are carried out; Very similar to the bolt and the welding ball, but no compression test; Connection fasteners, mainly is the high strength bolts for us. High strength bolt mainly control the quality of the project including the minimum load detection, pretension the reinspection, torque, the reinspection torque coefficient and coefficient of slip resistance test. Steel material mechanical test and chemical analysis results, should comply with the provisions of the corresponding procedures.B, steel structure detection(a) steel structure thickness of section is measured by thickness gaugeSteel structure because of the influence of the processing accuracy and section of corrosion, the steel structure of the section thickness is often some changes. Especially corrosion section thinning, bearing capacity decreased, the structure safety degree of influence is very big. Therefore, thickness of section steel structure determination is an important task.At present, the thickness measurement is a kind of caliper, one is thickness is measured by thickness gauge. Described below using ultrasonic thickness gauge Numbers of cross section thickness measuring method.The ultrasonic pulse reflection method. Ultrasonic spread from a homogeneous medium to another kind of homogeneous medium, boundary will occur on the surface of acoustic reflection, from the launch of the ultrasonic probe, after a delay block into the piece under test, ultrasonic wave arrived at interface, and be reflected back, be received through delay block and probe receives, measured between the transmitted pulse to the received pulse time, deduct the delay time, according to the relationship between sound velocity, time, distance, and the thickness of the piece being tested. That is, the thickness of the instrument display values. Such as 1.2 100 instrument shows a value of 20.88 mm, 20.88 mm, the accuracy is 0.01 mm.(2) the steel structure coating thickness measurementAnd in identification of steel structure coating quality and coating thickness is an important parameter, therefore determination of coating thickness is an important project.Coating thickness measurement generally magnetic thickness tester is used to test, have the product at home and abroad. Domestic magnetic coating thickness gauge material testing in tianjin factory of the product, name is QCC - type A magnetic thickness gauge.With magnetic thickness gauge, adjusted the instruments, make it has normal work performance.Must first determine the measurement range, the first leg of 0 50 microns, the second leg of 0 500 microns.When measured in the probe contact coating to be tested. Determination of first to remove the coating surface dirt and oil, in case influence precision.When testing coating according to the specific circumstances to determine, first, through the instrument to determine presence of coating, because coating under the action of a long-term environmental damage until disappear coating, coating or not is an important parameter of coating. Because the presence of residual coating is an important structure corrosion level line, is also a permanent evaluation of important boundaries.(3) the steel structure roof deflection measurementGeneral span steel roof truss is larger, such as 21, 24, 30 m), measuring the deflection of more difficult, have to use a lot of force to pull the wire, and wire request has a certain tensile strength. When measuring the key to seize steel wire straightening, the measurements are accurate. At the same time, it is better to have a completed record, the original steel roof truss ever an arch or deflection value after construction. The two values was determined to determine roof stress and deflection under load values. Often due to construction installation, of course, there is the arch, arch after still have after use, the measured deflection value is negative deflection, as a result, the measured values must indicate the positive and negative value.When the deflection is measured to determine best protection, namely, general in the cross point is determined. Such as the clinometer determination of drawn steel wire in case of obstacles in the middle. Such as Angle steel, wire, etc., must be in advance expenditure point on both ends right now, in order to make steel wire straightening. Advance expenditure point, measure the deflection values must be minus the average of the two fulcrum height, is the actual deflection value. Endpoints at the same time to ensure that the span of a fixed position, and both ends have the specialist master mark endpoint endpoint and fixed position and the actual roof endpoint of the distance, in order to the actual measurement of the deflection of span value.C,The quality of the steel structure inspection and evaluationGeometry size deviation, the nonlinear components, the structure is the poor quality of the welding and riveting, primer and paint quality is bad, is the main defect of steel structure in the manufacturing stage; Structure position deviation, transport and installation due to mechanical action local deformation, cause the distortion of the component and connection node component assembly is not accurate, installation quality is poor, packing or pack some fasteners, batten plate, less weld dimension deviation and so on, belong to the installation defects; Actual effects in use process, deviates from the original design of the corrosion of materials and components caused by corrosion of the reduction of cross-sectional area, under alternating load change metal structure strength and fatigue phenomenon and causes damage on the connection of defects in use. As a result of the existence of these defects and influence each other, make different degrees of damage of the structure as a whole and partial.The quality inspection of steel structure in addition to the material mechanics performance testing according to procedures and related to chemical composition analysis, should carry on the bearing capacity, deformation, corrosion, damage detection and comprehensive assessment, to determine their level of quality.(a) material inspection and measurementFrom the use point of view, strength, plasticity, weldability and cold short destructive is building the basic performance of steel. Monomial index of the material does not represent all of its features, must be based on the comprehensive evaluation indicators of routine test. Assessment should also collect the following data for reference data: in the steel production of time, the supply of steel technology condition and product specifications. Must find out the steel grades, technical indicators, ultimate strength, yield strength, tensile elongation, cold, repeated bending, impact toughness, and chemical composition, etc.Steel material mechanical test and chemical analysis results, should comply with the provisions of the corresponding procedures.(2) steel structure component deformation test and evaluationSteel structure of the final comprehensive evaluation is made up of bearing capacity, deformation, corrosion, damage from four aspects carries on the comprehensive consideration and analysis, and mainly carrying capacity level is given.About corrosion and damage of hierarchies, you may refer to the execution of construction acceptance specifications and regulations provisions in steel structure design code. But comprehensive evaluation at the end of the standard regulation:1. When the deformation level lower than the carrying capacity, is determined according to the bearing capacity level.2. When the deformation of two level lower than the carrying capacity, and the corrosion and damage is severe, again according to the lower level to determine bearing capacity.(3) the strength of the steel structure, deformation and defect detectionSteel structure strength and deformation test, commonly used with electrical measuring method and measuring method. Electrical measuring method is to use electrical signal (e.g., current, resistance, capacitance, etc.) changes and its electrical variation in the relationship of mechanical quantity and to determine its mechanical quantity (such as strain and stress); The determination of the scope of the static and dynamic two kinds. Machine is mainly determined the deformation test method (such as deflection, inclination and telescopic deformation identical). In addition, there is surface hardness method, the relationship between the hardness and strength is used to obtain the intensity values.Defect detection on steel structure, the commonly used ultrasonic method and electromagnetic method. To have built steel structure identification, inspection of steel structure material is an important content. Is the most ideal method in the structure of the main stress parts intercepted samples, by tensile test determine the strength of the corresponding indicators. But it will also damage structure, affecting its normal work, and the need for reinforcement. General surface hardness method is used to indirectly infer steel strength.In steel structure buildings, the steel members with welded connections between. So-called weld nondestructive testing, in order to determine the welding structure or welding parts in forming can satisfy the use requirement, in the case of without widespread destructive test to test the weld technology. References:1 Yao Na Zhang Tianshen, Wang Yuanqing, Shi Yongjiu. Beijing landscape of bridge steel structure inspection appraisal and strengthening design J. Engineering and seismic strengthening reform, 2009, (1)Chen Changjian 2. Detection and reinforcement measures of steel structure J. Goods and quality, 2009, (S2)3 Song Songyue Shao Huarong. Small engineering testing technology and management J. Henan science and technology, 2005, (8)YiSiPing 4. Structure detection and reinforcement technology research and engineering practice D. Hefei university of technology, 2006References:1 Yao Na Zhang Tianshen, Wang Yuanqing, Shi Yongjiu. Beijing landscape of bridge steel structure inspection appraisal and strengthening design J. Engineering and seismic strengthening reform, 2009, (1)Chen Changjian 2. Detection and reinforcement measures of steel structure J. Goods and quality, 2009, (S2)3 Song Songyue Shao Huarong. Small engineering testing technology and management J. Henan science and technology, 2005, (8)YiSiPing 4. Structure detection and reinforcement technology research and engineering practice D. Hefei university of technology, 2006浅析建筑材料钢结构检测摘要：文章简要介绍了建筑钢结构材料特性与检测方法，重点对钢结构检测方法与质量检测方法阐述分析，以保证轻钢结构建筑质量，充分发挥钢结构材料性能。关键词：钢结构检测；钢结构材料；质量检测；质量评定钢结构检测在提升单项检测技术的同时，注重发展和实现专业间的一体化，完善了成套的钢结构检测技术，包括钢材力学性能检测（拉伸、弯曲、冲击、硬度）、钢结构紧固件力学性能检测（抗滑移系数、轴力）、钢材金相检测分析（显微组织分析、显微硬度测试）、钢材化学成分分析、钢结构无损检测、钢结构应力测试和监控、涂料检测等成套检测技术。1.钢结构材料从使用角度讲，强度、塑性、冷脆破坏性和可焊性等是建筑钢材的基本性能。材质的单项指标不能代表其全部特征，必须依据常规试验的各项指标进行综合评定。评定中还应收集下述资料作参考数据：钢材生产的时间、钢材供应的技术条件及其产品说明书。必须查明钢材牌号、技术指标、极限强度、屈服强度、受拉时的延伸率、冷变、反复弯曲、冲击韧性与化学成分等。材质检验包括钢材型材（包括焊接H型钢、焊管）、焊接球、螺栓球以及连接紧固件的检测，型材、焊接球、螺栓球是钢结构工程的基本元素，它的质量直接关系到工程的质量。型材的做法是将材料铣成长宽一定的试件然后进行拉伸冷弯试验，对其物理性能进行检测；焊接球是按标准焊上一定直径的配管，然后进行抗拉抗压试验；螺栓球与焊接球差不多，只是没有抗压试验；连接紧固件，对我们来说主要是高强螺栓。高强螺栓的质量主要控制项目包括最小荷载检测、预拉力复验、扭距检测、扭距系数复验及抗滑移系数检测。钢材材质的力学试验和化学分析结果，都应符合相应规程的规定。 2.钢结构检测(1)用测厚仪测定钢结构截面厚度钢结构由于加工精确程度和断面锈蚀的影响，钢结构断面厚度往往有些变化。特别是锈蚀使截面减薄，承载能力下降，对结构安全度影响是很大的。因此，测定钢结构截面厚度是非常重要的一项任务。目前，测定厚度一种是卡尺，一种是用测厚仪测定厚度。下面介绍用超声波数字测厚仪测定截面厚度的方法。采用超声波脉冲反射法。超声波从一种均匀介质传播到另一种均匀介质时，分界面上会发生声的反射，从探头发射的超声波，经过延迟块而进入被测件，超声波到达分界面时，而被反射回来，又通过延迟块被接收探头接收，测出发射脉冲到接收脉冲之间的时间，扣除延迟块时间，根据声速、时间、距离三者关系，求出被测件的厚度。即仪器显示的厚度值。如1.2100mm的仪器显示值为20.88，即20.88mm，其精确度为0.01mm.(2)钢结构涂层厚度的测定在钢结构鉴定中，涂层好坏及涂层厚度是一个重要参数，因此测定涂层厚度是一项重要项目。涂层厚度测定一般用磁性测厚仪测定，国内外均有产品。国产涂层磁性测厚仪用天津市材料试验机厂的产品，名称是QCC-A型磁性测厚仪。用磁性测厚仪时，要调好仪器，使其具有正常工作性能。首先要确定测量范围，第一档为050m，第二档为0500m.测量时，用探头接触被测涂层。测定时首先要清除涂层表面灰尘和油污，以防影响精度。测试时根据涂层具体情况确定，首先通过仪器确定有无涂层，因在长期环境作用下涂层损伤直至消失涂层，涂层消失与否是涂层的重要参数。因为有无残留涂层是结构锈蚀程度一个重要界限，也是永久性评估的重要界限。(3)钢结构屋架挠度的测定钢屋架一般跨度都较大，如21、24、30m等，测量挠度较困难，必须用很大的力把钢丝拉紧，而且钢丝