本科毕业论文-羽毛球的步法对比赛中技战术的影响.doc

羽毛球步法对比赛中技战术的影响 编号： 西安体育学院本科毕业论文（2013届）论文题目羽毛球步法对比赛中技战术的影响作者指导教师指导教师教研室 乒羽教研室学生所属系 运 动 系毕业专业 运动训练学号9目 录1前言12研究对象与方法12.1研究对象12.2研究方法12.2.1文献资料法12.2.2问卷调查法13研究结果与分析13.1羽毛球步法23.1.1羽毛球网前步法23.1.2羽毛球后退步法23.1.3羽毛球中场左右横动步23.2阎良区十二名青少年的观察23.3步法是羽毛球运动的灵魂33.3.1步法对运动员羽毛球技术的影响33.3.2步法对运动员比赛战术的影响33.3.3羽毛球步法的简述54结论与建议54.1结论64.2建议6参考文献7致谢7羽毛球的步法对比赛中技战术的影响摘 要：羽毛球的击球法再比赛中对结果和技术的影响是很大的,步法对技战术的影响也是巨大的.想在发球后抢占主动，发动进攻，关键是发球质量要高，同时还要注重提高对第三拍技术运用的连贯性。发球不仅是羽毛球比赛中每一个比赛段落的开始，也是羽毛球技术方法中唯一可以不受对方击球方法制约，自己可以随意运用的一项技术 。关键词：羽毛球；步法；技战术1.前言：羽毛球是全民业余最好的运动之一，羽毛球的全面的战术和技术的综合发展对羽毛球的全民也是有很大帮助的，羽毛球的步法在羽毛球的技术中占有很重要的位置，所以在接下来的研究中，我们将研究羽毛球的步法对羽毛球队员在比赛中的技战术的影响，其他的影响还有很多，在这里只能研究最重要的一个。2研究对象与方法2.1 研究对象西安市阎良区青少年活动中心羽毛球队12人（9-12岁）。2.2 研究方法2.2.1 文献资料法。针对相关的损伤内容查阅大量国内外相关的文献资料，为本研究提供理论和事实依据。2.2.2 问卷调查法。发放问卷12份，回收12份，有效回收率100%3 结果与分析从羽毛球的步法对技战术的的影响主要有以下几点：1.可以扩大方位范围2.能抢到更多的进攻机会尤其是网前，无论是 推、扑、还是放网 能抢到高点必然会更好3. 加快节奏，羽毛球到后期感觉主要就是速度节奏的较量了，只要你速度节奏比别人快，就能从容的接到每个球，而且对手跟不上节奏的时候就会有更多的漏洞，方便进攻训练前后12名青少年在比赛中步法对技术战术影响如下：表一 训练前后对技战术影响情况 训练前 构成比（%） 训练后后 构成比（%）有影响 7 58.3% 12 100%没影响 2 17.7% 0 0%看情况定 3 25.0% 0 0%3.1 羽毛球步法 3.1.1羽毛球网前步法 步法的话应该是要及时判断2步上网还是3步上网，并且做出正确的启动，第一步是调整身体的，最后一步步伐要大些，并且注意脚尖的朝向，（右手边上网的时候脚尖最好要朝外，这样容易回身调整，不会失去重心，左手边上网的话就是正常的）准备阶段要脚尖着地。3.1.2羽毛球后退步法 后退步法就是从场地中心后退到两个后场区击球的步法。可以分为正手后退步法和反手后退步法两种。正手后退步法可以分为并步（或交叉步，二者步法节奏和移动相同，只是个人习惯问题不同。）和跨步后退两种，可以根据场上情况和个人特点选择使用。头顶后退步法属于正手击球的步法。3.1.3羽毛球中场左右横动步法 中场左右横动主要是还击中场球（包括上手击球和下手击球）时所使用的步法。左右横动大致有两种方法：一是向左移动，二是向右移动。2.2 阎良区十二名青少年的观察这十二名青少年对羽毛球的热忱程度不一样，对羽毛球掌握的情况也有所不同，所以他们对羽毛球步法的理解和运用也有所不同，其中有四名队员对羽毛球非常热爱，几乎每天都会在课余时间训练几个小时了，还有五名队员几乎每周会玩四天左右的时候会玩，每天会晚上三个小时后，还有三个孩子几乎每周只有周末才会玩羽毛球，其中十二个孩子中有四个女孩子其他的都是男孩子，羽毛球在男孩子中间会更好的发展，因为男孩子有比女孩子更强的爆发力，他们的年龄段都在上高一高二，所以他们对运动的领悟能力也是差不多的，在他们运用的羽毛球装备上有一定的区别的，有六个队员运用的球拍市高档次的，其他的六名队员用的是比平常装备要好的中档次的球拍，综上所述他们的条件基本的差不多，所以可以放在一起来评论羽毛球步法对他们不同人员的影响是怎么样子的.3.3步法是羽毛球运动的灵魂3.3.1步法对羽毛球运动员技术的影响羽毛球步法训练是影响羽毛球比赛发挥的主要因素，良好的步法移动是完整技术动作的保障，移动速度快，步法运用合理，击球动作协调，连贯且击球失误较少，步法练习中增加了对速度训练中能够增加羽毛球技术水平，良好的脚步移动和速度训练是羽毛球完成技术的保证，要想提高羽毛球运动的速度，不仅仅要提高跑步的速度，而且要提高下肢运动的肌肉，对于力量训练和耐力训练针对性的练习，否则，提高速度会受到相当程度的局限和影响，安排速度训练应该以时间短，强度大，单位时间内能量消耗为原则，练习步法也应该是这样的原则，有计划，科学系统的进行训练，才能取得良好的效果。3.3.2 步法对羽毛球比赛战术的影响一场羽毛球比赛中，运动员在35平方米的场地上（单打），根据战术需要，配合上肢运动，灵活、迅速的移动来回不停地奔跑击球，必须做各种急起急停、各种方向移动、转向、回起、跳跃等动作。步法是羽毛球运动的基础，这种步法应该突出两块，即启动快和回收快，无论在任何位置击球后，都应该迅速向中心位置回位，也就是说，在步法中要突出速度。可见步法对羽毛球比赛中战术的影响是很重要的，步法的快慢以及步法的准确性在羽毛球战术中起决定作用，羽毛球战术主要包括：发球战术的应变；接发球强攻战术的应变；单个技术的进攻战术应变；组合技术的进攻战术应变；以路线和区域组成进攻战术的应变；不同的战术在以下做简要的阐述3.4羽毛球步法的简述 步法的关键不光在脚上，看了很多高水平的录像后，也尝试拍摄了一些身边业余高手、爱好者的录像，把这几种选手的步法进行对比分析，在经过近乎枯燥的观看、研究之后，似乎得出了这样的一个结论：羽毛球单打步法的关键不光在脚上，而在于：身体上半部分的重心与下半部分脚步的结合移动，以及身体移动与击球手法的结合。为了行文的方便，在下文中，我们简称这种协调调配结合为手脚技术结合。我们观看专业顶级选手的比赛，总是感叹为什么他们的步法并不是飞快，但是总能打出很好的球呢？我想这个问题不只困扰了我一个人。我们先来解析鲍春来，像他这样手长脚长、身体条件特别出色的选手，他的中心脚几乎不会长时间的离开场地重心，他的重心移动则比中心脚移动多出大约一米五的范围（请注意：身体重心是位于中心脚和移动脚之间的），他的击球手腕则又比自己的中心多出一米五的范围，最后他的击球点又比手腕长出了半米多的范围（这部分其实就是击球长度在击球过场中的绝对投影距离）这几个范围就好像几个同心圆，围场在场地重心。明白了这个道理之后，我们就知道了职业高手的击球为什么总这么自如，因为他们的手脚技术结合得好。他们打球旺旺运用手腕的力量，一些顶尖选手则运用手指的力量，所以他们的大臂在击球中几乎是不发力的，小臂也不用屈曲发力，可以说整个手臂的长度都可以用来延长接球点的范围。腰腹部位也是同样的道理，一些业余爱好者，他们也能够把球在自己的后场打到对方的后场，但是他们的这种击球几乎是用尽里全身的力气，从大腿蹬步到腰部发力再抡大臂，最后在引拍击球，这样的话，自己的身体重心和中心脚几乎都要移动到球点的附近了，这样下身的脚势必就要比职业选手多跑了几乎三米的距离，这就是职业选手与业余选手在手脚技术配合上的巨大差距。看夏煊泽比赛，正手上网击球，他的支撑脚（也就是移动脚）几乎踩在发球线上，二中心脚几乎就没有离开“T”点（双打术语：近于场地中心）。此时他的臂几乎是伸直的，在这样的情况下，他可以很轻松的选择房网、搓网前、勾对角、平推后角和底线高球。但是这样的一个姿势对于业余高手来说都很难把球挑高过头顶到对方底线，因为手臂是伸直的，击球只能运用手腕和手指的力量、很多业余爱好者则更是连网前球都很困难了，因为对他们来说，网前球的时候身体的重心都要靠近网口，否则手感真的是难以保证、再说盖德，他身体条件很好，而且力量比较足，但是他的柔韧性却不是那么的好即便是这样，他在头顶击球的时候，整个身体重心与击球点的连线已经和地面呈60度角了，这样的身体姿势打头顶球对于业余高手来说几乎是达不到的，而且盖德在这样的情况下还可以把球很稳定的打到对方后场、而业余高手们在这样的时候一定选择反手击球了，龚智超这位柔韧性之王在身体情况极佳的时候，几乎可以在场中心后仰，接对方的平高球，在头顶位击高远球，这样的姿势连王连香可能都要自愧不如了，再来看我们业余选手爱好者们，在击球过程中整个身体舒展不开，在盘在飞快的移动，身体重心一定要跟着击球点跑，这样一来脚步的移动就不得不加快很多了。所以说，本人得出这样的结论：羽毛球单打，步伐的关键不光在脚上，而在于手脚技术的结合。脚步移动快固然可喜，但是如果有意识地练习手脚技术的结合，加强手腕、手指的推拍击球力量，才可以在更高的水平上展现步法移动的效率。4 结论与建议由羽毛球运动中的步法在比赛中起到决定性的作用，所以针对步法的训练和改进我们应该进一步的进行大量的全面的研究和探讨，只有好的步法好的步法和身体的配合在能达到最后的比赛的胜利和真正诠释羽毛球运动的真正意义，无论羽毛球运动发展到哪一步，步法都是影响羽毛球技术高低的关键所以，所以我们学习羽毛球的同学要认真的研究羽毛球的步法对羽毛球的影响，对我们练习好羽毛球有很大的帮助，对我们取得比赛的胜利也是有很大的帮助的.4.1 结论 羽毛球步法在羽毛球比赛中对运动员的出拍速度和击球速度都有一定的影响，而且步法的关键不光在脚上，而在于手脚技术的结合。脚步移动快固然可喜，但是如果有意识地练习手脚技术的结合，加强手腕、手指的推拍击球力量，才可以在更高的水平上展现步法移动的效率。但是羽毛球单打，双打的比赛中步法对运动员技术和战术的影响是不容忽视的。总的来说有以下几点：（1） 好的步法可以扩大防守范围（2） 能抢到更多的进攻机会 尤其是网前 无论是 推、扑、还是放网 能抢到高点必然会更好（3） 能加快节奏，羽毛球到后期感觉主要就是速度节奏的较量了，只要你速度节奏比别人快，就能从容的接到每个球，而且对手跟不上节奏的时候就会有更多的漏洞，进攻方便。4.2 建议 所以提高羽毛球步法是很重要的一下是几点提高羽毛球步法的方法：（1） 抓好反应灵敏性的训练（2） 提高速度的关键是发展力量（下肢伸肌的力量训练和大腿外展群肌的力量训练以及躯干群肌的力量训练等）（3） 柔韧性和协调性的训练（拉韧带练习、跳绳练习、翻滚练习、其他球类练习等）（4） 羽毛球步法速度是否提高，首先要抓好反应灵敏性的练习、运动员的神经系统反射过程的快慢，直接影响步法速度过程的快慢，反应灵敏性是提高步法速度的前提。（5） 羽毛球运动员在场上快速准确的步法，必须有较好的下肢力量，发展下肢力量对移动步法发展是非常重要的。参考文献1浴华 ,专项速度训练队羽毛球运动员步法的影响【G】。辽宁体育科技 20122 彭美丽,羽毛球技巧图解【M】。北京体育大学出版社。20013 肖杰,羽毛球【M】江苏科学技术出版社2012-4-14 长谷川博幸, 羽毛球技术百答 【M】人民体育出版社 2001（1）5 马启伟, 体育心理学【M】 北京高等教育出版社1997 6 陈雪红 球类运动教学与训练【M】 哈尔滨地图出版社 2007（49）7 程永民 梁承谋 优秀羽毛球运动员选材的理论基础与模型构建【J】第七届全国体育大会论文摘要 汇编（二） 20048 冯秋明 羽毛球教学中的步法移动技术【J】 体育教育学刊 2003（04） 9 金花 糖酵解供能系统对羽毛球运动能力的影响【J】 体育科学 1998（03）10 薛林峰 羽毛球入门与战术图解 【M】 蓝天出版社 2010-9-1致 谢感谢常铂老师对我的论文进行指导，并给予批评和纠正。常老师以其严谨求实的治学态度、高度的敬业精神、兢兢业业、孜孜以求的工作作风和大胆创新的进取精神深深地感染和激励着我。他渊博的知识、开阔的视野和敏锐的思维给了我深深的启迪。感谢乒羽教研室每一位老师帮助我完成这篇论文，使我能够更好的走向社会。在此我再次表示深深的感谢。我相信，以后我会做的更好。请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that youllwait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan Hailar Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round - the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the countrys largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder. The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as its time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If itrains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulangs misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters Festival. In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentines Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their home-grown day for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the Chinese Valentines Day. More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying Sales on Chinese Valentines Day! in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness. A large-scale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday. The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province, Gansu province and 14 other regions. It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years. AsAPECis going on in Beijing, the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history. The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent. It connected the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was in my school and it was the first year when he came here. We became colleagues. And there was nothing special happening during that year. He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me. But we did not know each other till he became my colleague and his office desk was just in front of me. There was only a glass between us. So actually we could see each other when we both look up. But it is not the main reason that really draws us close. How we become close to each other was something seems quite natural. We went out to play badminton with other colleagues and we sometimes chatted for a while. He is a man of few words but somehow sometimes will say something really humorous. Then one day, to my great surprise, I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk. It was just the flower I had talked about with my colleague the other day, and I thought it was her who put the flower there. But the truth is not. It was the humble guy sitting in front of me. He just simply said ,”well, I caught sight of this flower and thought that its beautiful and you may like it”. I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present. Maybe it is the sincerity and the true self that impress me. I thanked him and some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beautiful flower and they noticed that something romance happened there. Then later on, there were some little surprises once in a while. Once, there was something wrong with my drawer and I had complained about it unconsciously. And he fixed it for me. Then the other day, he placed several pink diamond roses beside the flower with a piece of paper saying” I love you more than I can say! Diamond stands for marriage, rose stand for love. I hope you are mine, become my wife. You are the only girl who I really want to spend the rest of my life to stand by.” Although there were some grammar errors but I got what he meant. He meant so clear and so direct. And actually, I accepted him some days earlier. I was just waiting for him to break the ice. So finally, the common interests and the common understanding brought us together. Some people say the relationship and the feeling will change after getting hitched. You will find that love is no longer strong and there is always lack of passion and whats worse you may find out many bad habits of your partner, which never appear when you are first in love before the marriage. It seems that many faults turn up after you truly living together and see each others face the moment you open your eyes in the early morning. But