句子成分.ppt.Convertor.doc

词类、句子成分、句子类型一.词类分类词类名称作用句子成分例词全称简称实词名词Nounn.人或事物的名称主、宾、表、同位、补足、定Lily, childhood,visitor, beauty代词Pronounpron.代替名词数词等主、宾、表、同位、定I, we, none, who,which, whatever, their数词Numeralnum.表示数目或顺序主、宾、表、同位、补足、定one, ninth, 60%动词Verbv.表示动作或状态谓absorb, celebrate,devote, change形容词Adjectiveadj.表示事物的特征表、定、状、补effective, popular,pretty, interesting副词Adverbadv.表示动作或状态的特征表、状、补curiously, bravely,straight, hard 虚词冠词Articleart.用在名词前，帮助说明其意义a, an, the介词Prepositionprep.用在名词、代词前说明与其他词的关系in, before, of, 连词Conjunctionconj.用来连接词与词或句与句and, when, until, once感叹词Interjectioninterj.表示说话时的感情或口气Oh, ah, aha,名词 专有名词 普通名词 普通名词：可数 不可数可数： 个体名词 集体名词 不可数：物质名词 抽象名词代词 1. 人称代词 主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 2. 物主代词 名词性物主代词 my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their 形容词性物主代词 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs 3. 反身代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself 4. 相互代词 each other, one another 5. 指示代词 this, that, these, those, such, same, so 6. 疑问代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 7. 关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that 8. 连接代词 who, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever9. 不定代词 some, somebody, someone, something, any, anybody, anyone, anything, no, nobody, no one, nothing, every, everybody, everyone, everything, one, none, all, each, both, another, other, either, neither, many (more, most), much (more, most), few (fewer, fewest), a few, little (less, least), a little, several, enough, half, certain数词 基础词 thirteen, fifteen, eighteen, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty, ninety 序数词 first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, twenty-first, thirtieth小数 0.6 zero(o) point six, 3.26 three point two six, 64.37 sixty-four point three seven分数 1/3 one third, 2/3 two-thirds, 2 2/3 two and two-thirds百分数 5% five percent, 45% forty-five percent动词 实义动词：及物动词和不及物动词 系动词：be, turn, become, get 助动词：基本助动词和情态动词 be, do, have, 连词 并列连词和从属连词1. 并列连词 表并列关系：and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor 表转折关系：but, yet (然而), while (然而), whereas (然而) 表示选择关系：or, eitheror, or else(否则), notbut, otherwise (否则) 表示因果：so, for2. 从属连词1). 引导名词性从句的连词：that, whether, if, what, who, where, when, why, whoever, whatever, whichever2). 引导定语从句的连词：关系代词：which, that, who (m), whose 关系副词：when, where, why 3). 引导状语从句的连词： (1). 时间状语从句：when, while, as, after, before, since, till, until等 (2). 地点状语从句：where, everywhere, anywhere, somewhere等 (3). 原因状语从句：because, since, as, now, that等 (4). 条件状语从句：if, unless, as/so long as等 (5). 目的状语从句：in order that, so that等 (6). 结果状语从句：suchthat, sothat, (so) that等 (7). 让步状语从句：although, though, even though, even if, whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever, while (尽管),as(虽然), whetheror等 (8). 方式状语从句：as, as if, as though等 (9). 比较状语从句：than, as (so)as等二.句子 1.句子成分(主语，谓语，宾语，定语，状语，补语，表语）1). 主语 主语是一个句子的主体，是一个句子需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语可由名词、代词或数词、动词非谓语（不定式和动名词）和名词性从句（主语从句）充当。The plane has just taken off at the airport.We often speak English in class.Two times five is ten.To swim in the Lijiang River is a great pleasure.Playing football in the street is dangerous.Who will be our new director hasnt been decided.It is dangerous playing with fire.2). 谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。一般放在主语之后。 谓语可由动词或动词短语充当He practises running every morning. He takes good care of his mother.You may keep the book for two weeks.Youd better not take the magazine out of the reading room.We are students.3). 宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词后面。但英语介词后也要用宾语。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词或分词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、宾语从句。I love music. We should learn from him.How many books do you have? I have twenty.We should take the wounded to the hospital.He pretended not to see me. She didnt know what to do next.I enjoy listening to popular music. I think that he is fit for the job.4). 表语 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征或状态，一般位于系动词（be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句充当。My English teacher is an American. Is it yours? Thats all I want to tell you.The weather has turned cold. He is always the first to enter the classroom.The speech is exciting. The teacher was pleased with my spoken English.The machine is out of order. My father isnt in. He is out.The truth is that he has never been abroad.5). 定语 定语对名词或代词加以修饰或限定。定语可由形容词、分词（短语）、名词、代词、名词所有格、不定式、动名词、介词短语、和定语从句从当。Guilin is a beautiful city. His watch is expensive.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.There are thirty women teachers in our school.Doctors advice, Marys parents, reading roomOur monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.He is reading an article about how to learn English. Who is the girl in red?There is nothing that worries him.6). 状语 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词、或整个句子，说明动作或状态的特征。状语由副词及副词性短语、介词（短语）、不定式（短语）、分词（短语）、名词（短语）、从句等充当。Light travels most quickly. Factories and buildings are seen here and there.He has lived in the city for ten years.Not knowing what to do, he decided to ask the teacher for advice.Encouraged by the teacher, I made up my mind to learn English well.Wait a minute. Come this way.It is very difficult to live where there is little water.7). 宾语补足语 用来补充说明宾语的成分，一般由名词、形容词或动词非谓语形式担任。当这种结构的主语和宾语互相转换，用于被动语态时，宾语补语则成了主语补足语。Everyone calls him Uncle Ben. He is called Uncle Ben.We found the bank robbed the night before. The bank was found robbed the night before.8). 同位语 名词或代词后跟有别个名词或词组，对前者作补充说明，称为同位语。名词性从句也可以作同位语，即同位语从句。The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large numbers of foreign friends.The news that he had invented a new type of car delighted us.9). 独立成分 主要指与全句没什么语法关系的插入语、肯定词、否定词或感叹词。Eh, no, no, I wont go to the concert. You see, I am busy now.2. 句子种类 1). 按句子结构 (1). 简单句