实验分校高三英语.ppt

20112011年高考语法复习年高考语法复习 名名 词词 recite 1.born 2.study law 3.fight against 4.be sentenced to five years of hard labour 5.blow up 6.to 7.later 8.freed 9.was made president 10.set up Only in that way _ work out the math problem. A. can you B. you can Only when he returned _ find out the truth. A. did we B. do we C. we did 考题点击： _ can you expect to get a pay rise. (01北京春季) A. With hard work B. Although work hard C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard C 解析：can you expect 是倒装句，此处四个选项 中只有 Only + 状语开头的句子才需倒装。以 so; such; only 加状语或状语从句开头的句子要倒装。 Access 接近，利用的权利 Every student has free access to the library. All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police. A new approach to foreign languages He told me all her hopes, dreams and fears. 1欢迎来到今年英语演讲比赛的现场。 2.主题是我最喜欢的英语小说。 3.这个活动旨在提高学生的听说能力，并且 帮助学生养成读好书，以使他们的想象力 和创造力收益。 1.每个选手都应该注意下面的要求。 First Second Third 2.最终，我希望今年的演讲比赛能取 得很大的成功。 1、名词的单、复数; 2、可数与不可数名词的转换； 3、名词作定语； 4、名词的搭配; 5、词语辨析； 高考考点分析 问题问题1 1： - How many does a cow have? - Four. AstomachesBstomach CstomachsDstomachies 以 s, sh, ch, x等结尾的名词变复数时加 es； 但如果以 ch 结尾的名词发音为 k时，只加 s。 另外，以辅音字母 +y 结尾的名词变复数时，需将 y 变成 i，再加 -es；以元音字母 +y 结尾的则直接 加 -s。以辅音字母加 y 结尾的专有名词变复数时 ，也直接加 -s。 问题问题2 2： The _ of the building are covered with lots of _. Aroofs; leaves Brooves; leafs Croof; leafDroofs; leafs 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加 s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofs b. 去 f, fe 加 ves， 如：half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves； 问题问题3 3： When the farmer returned home he found three _ missing. Asheeps Bsheepes Csheep Dsheepies 当sheep; deer; fish表示数量时，单复数同形 ；如果表示不同种类，则需加 s 或 es。 单复数同形的名词有： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese, works, means, 问题问题4 4： Some _ visited our school last Wednesday. AGermanBGermen CGermansDGermens 国家人的名词需要记住三种情况： 1、单复数同形：Chinese; Japanese; 3、加 s 或 -es：German Germans 问题问题5 5： _ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. (1993 上海) A. The EvensB. The Evens C. The EvensesD. The Evenses 专有名词的复数与定冠词连用，常用来表示“一家 人”或一家之中的两个或几个重要的人。如： - Who did you spend last weekend with? - _. (98上海) A PalmersB The Palmers C The PalmersD The Palmers 问题问题6 6： Mr Smith has two _, both of whom are teachers in a school. Abrothers-in-lawBbrother-in-laws Cbrothers-in-laws Dbrothers-in law 以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成 复数，如：managers-in-chief; fathers-in-law。如 果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加 s。如： grown-ups。 问题问题1 1： He gained his _ by printing _ of famous writers. (NMET95) A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works 抽象名词和物质名词被称为不可数名词。本题中 wealth 为不可数名词，works 作“作品”解，属单 复数同形的可数名词。 问题问题2 2： Can you give us some _ about the writer? Ainformations Binformation Cpiece of informations Dpieces information 大多数不可数名词都不可能转化为可数名词，常 见的有：information; news; advice; progress; fun 如： This is not a match. Were playing chess for _. A habit B hobby C fun D game (2001上海春季) 问题问题3 3： Many people agree that _of English is a must in international trade today. (NMET96) A. a knowledge B. knowledges C. knowledge D. the knowledge a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。 Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (U) These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (C) b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。 This factory produces steel. (U) We need various steels. (C) c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。 Our country is famous for tea. Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。 d. 抽象名词有时也可数。 four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations 四个现代化 many interests 许多兴趣 问题问题1 1 The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. (01北京春季) A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycles shop 名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。 如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系 2) 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。 如：goods train (货车) arms produce 武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷 问题问题2 2 It took us quite a long time to get here. It was _ journey. （05北京春季） A. three-hour B. a three hour C. a three-hour D. three hours “数词+名词”构成的合成词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单 数形式。 如： a ten-mile walk； a five-year plan 但是如果不用连字符，就需用复数的所有格。 The village is far away from here indeed. Its _ walk. （04上海春季） A. a four hour B. a four hours C. a four-hours D. a four hours 问题问题3 3： There are only twelve _ in the hospital. Awoman doctors Bwomen doctors Cwomen doctor Dwoman doctor man, woman, gentleman等作定语时， 其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 如：a man worker men workers a woman teacher women teachers 问题问题1 1 Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi. (N 19993) A. way B. choice C. possibilityD. selection 可以将“ have no choice but to do ”视为一 个结构，现在考查这类搭配的题有很多，如： I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ of direction.（05 浙江卷） Aidea Bfeeling Cexperience Dsense 类似的题还有： 问题问题1 1 Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_. （05天津卷） (C) A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind 高考试卷中考查名词词义辨析的题目越来越 多了，这就要求我们在平时的学习过程中注意同 类词的比较和辨析，同时尽可能从阅读过程中汲 取更多的知识。本题的意思是参加体育锻炼的目 的是增强体质和力气。 20112011年高考语法复习年高考语法复习 主谓一致主谓一致 1、用and连接两个并列成分； 2、介词with 伴随主语； 3、就近原则； 4、各种代词的主谓一致; 5、短语和从句作主语； 6、定语从句中的主谓一致。 高考考点分析 问题问题1 1： When and where to build the new factory _ yet. （1991 NMET） A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 这个句子看上去是and连接的两个并列短语充当主 语，本应用复数形式的谓语，但这两个短语表达 的是同一事件的两个方面，可以看成是一个整体 ，因此使用单数的谓语动词；而从句意可判断此 句谓语动词需使用被动语态， 归纳一： 1两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用and连 接，谓语用复数 Tom and Dick are good friends. 但若表示一个集合体时则用单数。 A singer and dancer was present at the party. The worker and writer is talking to the students。 Bread and butter tastes good. 类似的表达式有： ( a needle and thread, a horse and cart, a watch and chain, a coat and tie, truth and honesty, medical help and cure) 2用 and 连接的两个名词若被 no, each, every, many a 修饰，则谓语动词用单数。 No bird and no beast is seen in the bare island. Many a boy and many a girl has made such a funny experiment. At Christmas each boy and each girl is given a present. 3. 如果 and 后面加 no 或 not, 谓语也用单数形式， My friend, and not hers, is chosen to join the army. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 问题问题2 2： A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift . （1990NMET） A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 主语后有as well as, like, with, together with, but, except, besides,等，谓语应于前面主语保持一致 A professor, together with some students, was sent to help in the work. No one but the teachers is allowed to use the room. 问题问题3 3： Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. (1989 ) A. is B. are C. am D. be 以连词or, eitheror , neither nor, there be, not onlybut also 连接的复合主语，其谓语与其相 邻的那个名词的数保持一致。 Eg. You or I am to be invited. 问题问题4 4： Nobody but Jane _the secret. (1986) A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known either, neither, each, every 或no + 单数名词和 由some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词都作 单数看待。 Each of us has a new pen . Everything around us is matter. 问题问题5 5： The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons . (1996 NMET) A. were, was B. was , was C. was, were D. were; were. a number of 表示“很多”的意思，修饰可数 名词的复数。The number of表示“数量，号码”作 主语，其谓语动词用单数形式。 问题问题6 6： _ of the southern hemisphere (南半球) _ with water. A. Four-five; is covered B. Four-fifths; is covered C. Four-fifth, are covered D. Four-fifths, are covered. 由“a lot of , (lots of, plenty of, the rest of ) +名词” 构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数名词”构成的 短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后 面名词的数而定。 Three-fourths of the surface is sea . 问题问题7 7： All but one_here just now . (1997 NMET) A. is B .was C. have been D. were what, who, which, any, more, most, all 等代词 可以是单数，也可是复数，主要依意思而定。 A) Which is your pen ? 哪是你的笔？ Which are your pens? 哪些是你们的笔？ B) All can be done has been done . All have gone to the park . 问题问题8 8： He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. (02上海春) A. is B. are C. have been D. has been who, which, that 作定语从句的主语时，其谓语取决 于先行词。 Those who want to go should sign your names here. He is one of the students who have passed the exam. He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. 问题问题9 9： Mathematics _ the language of science. (1978 ) A. is B. are going to be C. are 以-ics结尾的学科名词，如“mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, 等，形式上为复数，实际为单数， 它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 另外：复数名词用作书，电影、戏剧、报刊、国家等 名称时，谓语动词用单数。 His “selected Poems”_ first published in 1965. (78) A. were B. was C. has been 问题问题1010 His family _ all football fans. A. is B. has been C. are being D. are 一些集体名词做主语，如果看作一个整体，谓语 动词用单数；如果指其中的成员，谓语用复数 但people, police, cattle等只能用复数 My family is a big family. My family are listening to the radio. The police are trying to catch the thief. 问题问题1111 The rich _ not always happy. A. is B. has C. have D. are 形容词加定冠词 the 表示一类人时，谓语动 词用复数。 What a life the poor were living! The young are happy to give their seats to the old. 问题问题1212 1. Growing vegetables _ constant watering. A. need B. are needed C. is needed D. needs 2. What I say and think _ no business of yours. A. is B. are C. were D. both A and B 当动名词短语、不定式短语和从句作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。如果用 and 连接两个从句或短 语作主语，则需看是表示一个整体还是不同的两 件事。题（2）中的 “What I say and think” 既可 理解为同一件事也可理解为不同的两个动作。 （注意：从句作主语时有时需根据表语来定。） 问题问题2 2 If this dictionary is not yours，_can it be? (NMET2001) Awhat else Bwho else Cwhich elses Dwho elses 除了不定代词外，另一种可以与else连用的词就是疑问词。 else 结构的所有格是在else后加-s。 1. it作人称代词,代替前面提到的事物. 2. it指代时间,季节,距离. 3. it作形式宾语,常用在6123结构中.(think , find, make, believe, ) 4. it作形式主语. 当动名词,不定式,从句作主语 时,常用it作形式主语. 5. It is that.的强调句型. 内容提要 1代替上文中提到过的人或事物。指代人时 ，一般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。 例如： Who is the baby? Its my teachers son Who is that gentleman? Its my friend, TomHe (不可用It) wants to see you 【典型例题】 (NMET2001) The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. they B. it C. one D. which B 2用于表达天气、环境、时间、距离、季 节等。 Its half an hours walk from here to our school Its nice and warm hereBut its two oclock now, and its time for us to go to school 注意下列几种表示时间的句型 .It is time ( about time ,high time ) that . Its high time that we left. .It is the first ( second . ) time that . Its the first time that I have been praised. .It is since . Its three years since they got married. .It is / was . when . It was 1949 when the PRC was founded. .It is / was . before . It will be two years before we meet again. 3. We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的it 作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我 们可称该句型为“6123结构”。 6 指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel； 1 指的是形式宾语 it； 2 指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名 词； 3 指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短 语, 动名词短语或 that 引导的宾语从句。 4. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 此句型中的真正主语是不定式短语，主句中的形 容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难 易，安全等情况的形容词，常见的形容词有： important, necessary, natural easy , safe , common , normal , hard , difficult , dangerous , unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant 在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如：It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party It作形式主语时的几个常见句型: . It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式如果须要逻辑主语，则 须要前置介词 of, 而句型中的形容词必须是 能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词，常见的有： bad , brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish , good （好心的）, honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice（有教养的）, polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. . It takes sb. . to do sth. “做要花某人” It took me ages to repair my computer. . It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中 的表语可以是 no good , no use , no value, no importance Its no use crying over the spilt milk. . It doesnt matter whether ( if ) . 不论（是否）没关系 It doesnt matter whether he is for my plan or not. . It happens (seems, appears ) that. It happened that I had seen this problem in some book. . It is said (reported, learned) that . “据说”（据报道，据悉） It is said that he has gone to New York to attend a medical meeting. . It is a pity ( a shame . ) that . It is a pity that we have lost the match with a close score. . It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural.) that . 记住that 后的从句应用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去 . It is suggested ( ordered . ) that . that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动 词原形），should 可以省常译为据建 议；有命令） . It is up to sb. to do sth. 该句型为“该由某人做”。该句型中 up 后的to是介词。 It is up to him to clean our classroom today. 今天应由他做教室清洁。 It is up to parents to teach their children manners. 该由父母教孩子礼貌。 5. It is + 被强调部分 + that . 将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置 于 that 之后被强调部分可以是主语，宾 语，表语或状语强调的主语如果是人， that 可以由 who 换用如果把这种句型结构 划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子这也 是与其 它从句区别判断的方法 注意注意: It is not until + 被强调部分 + that . 强凋“直到才”，需将 not 置于 until 之前 1.It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with face and an hour hand was made (NMET97，单项填空) Athat Buntil Cbefore Dwhen 2._computers play such an important part in our daily life? AWhy it is that BWhy is it that CWhy was it that DWhy is it B A 3. It was only when I reread his poems recently _I began to appreciate their beauty Auntil Bthat Cthen Dso 4. It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages_ attracted the audiences interest. A. so that B. that C. what D. in which B B 问题3: 1. (01北京春)Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her. A. whileB. the moment C. suddenlyD. once 2. (1998上海) I thought her nice and honest _ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first timeD. by the first time 3. _ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report. A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had heD. Hardly he had B C C 小结： 1一些词，如the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan等也可引导一个时 间状语从句，相当于as soon as的意思。 I didnt wait a moment, but came immediately you called. 2一些含有time的名词短语，如every time, each time, next time, by the time等，以及the day, the year, the morning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。 The day he returned home, his father was already dead. Next time you come, please bring your composition. 3. 如果hardly或no sooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必 须用部分倒装结构。 Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 问题4: 1. (03北京春) Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? Yes. He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. when 2. (03上海) A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until 3. It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star. A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then C D B 小结： till, until和notuntil： 1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词 是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所 表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停 止”。如： We waited until he came. 2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句 为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如： He wont go to bed till/until she returns. 3till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it. 4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法： It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. 问题5: 1. (03年北京) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse. A. until B. when C. beforeD. as 2. (04福建) Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when 3. (06四川)Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the room_I could say a word. A. before B. untilC. whenD. after 4. (05北京春) It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. because C C A B 连接词before的小结： 一、含义 1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 2 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. 3 Please write it down before you forget it. 4Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. “才” “不到就” “趁” “还没来得及” 二Before从句中谓语不用否定式。如： Before they reached the station, the train had gone. 三1）句型It will be/was段时间before“还要过多久才” 如：It will be two years before he leaves the country. 2）句型It will be/was not一段时间before“不多久就” 如： It wasnt two years before he left the country. 3）句型It is段时间since时间的计算一律从since从句的 动作完成或状态结束时算起。如： It is three years since she was in the army. It is three years since she joined the army. 1. _ he heard this, he got very angry. 2. I met Lucy_ I was walking along the river. 3. _ a child, he lived in the countryside. A. when B. while C. as 对比训练 1 A B C 1. We were about to leave_ it began to rain. 2. She thought I was talking about her son, _, in fact, I was talking about my son. 3. Hardly had I finished my composition _ the bell rang. A. when B. while C. as D. during 对比训练 2 A B A 1. Child _ she is, she know a lot. 2. He did the experient _ he was told. 3. The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper, but not _ good. A. during B. as C. so D. though E. both B and C 对比训练 3 E B B 1. He would have a look at the bookstores _ he went to town. 2. We decide to finish the work on time, _ happens. 3. If we work with a strong will, we overcome any difficulty, _ great it is. 4. Ill give the book to _ likes English. A. whenever B. whoever C. whatever D. however 对比训练 4 A C D B 对比训练 5 1. It will be years _ we meet again. 2. It is ten years _ I came to this town. 3. It is ten years ago _ I came to this town. A. when B. that C. before D. since C D B 对比训练 6 D B A 1. _ it rains, the game will be played on time. 2. _ I was twenty, I had never been away from my hometown. 3. _ he were there, he couldnt help us. A. Even if B. Untill C. Till D. Unless 对比训练 7 1.Go and get your coat. It is _ you left it. 2. You are free to go _ you like. A. there B. where C. wherever D. when B C 对比训练 8 1. The article is written in such easy English _ all of us can read it. 2. The arti