大学英语B级语法部分网考辅导.pptVIP

大学英语B网考辅导 语法精讲与样题分析 主讲 曾仲贤 语法知识归纳 一、非谓语动词 二、情态动词和虚拟语气 非谓语动词 非谓语动词动名词 分 词 不定式 现在分词 过去分词 语态 时态 主动被动 不定式 一般式 to doto be done 完成式 to have doneto have been done 动名词 一般式 doingbeing done 完成式 having donehaving been done 分词 一般式 doingbeing done 完成式 having donehaving been done 非谓语动词的三种形式 语法知识归纳 一、非谓语动词 1、哪些动词接不定式，哪些接动名 词，哪些动词即可接不定式，又可接 动名词，但是词义不同。 2、不定式、动名词的复合结构及其 时态和语态。 3、不定式符号to的省略与否。 4、现在分词与过去分词的区别。 1、接不定式作宾语的动词有 afford, agree, decide, determine, expect, hope, manage, refuse, offer, pretend等。 55. He _ to arrange a loan through a finance company. (test 1) A. tried B. succeeded C. managed D. endeavored c 考点分析：succeed (in) doing sth, endeavor to do sth表示“尝试、试图”， 而magage to do sth表示“设法做某事” 2、不定式中的to是否省略 1)感官动词feel, hear, listen to, see, look at, notice, watch 以及使役动词have, let, make 等动词后，不定式不带to,但是，当这些 动词变成被动语态时，动词不定式要加 上to.如： Mum makes me eat eggs every day. Im made to eat eggs every day (by mum). 2)不定式用作介词but和except的宾语时 ，如果其前有do的某种形式，不定式不 带to,否则不定式要带to.如： 46. That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but _the police. (test 4) A. called in B. calling in C. call in D. to call in 49.They talked in whispers, but still, I couldnt help but _ their conversation. (test 5) A. overhear B. to overhear C. overhearing D. overheard A D 注意：在but构成的习惯用语中不带to: can not help but do(不得不） can do nothing but do can not choose but do can not do anything but do(只能做) 3)在情态动词如：had better, would rather than之后不用to, 动词help后，to 可带可不带。 3、下列动词或动词词组后只接动名 词作宾语 1)admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, consider, escape, enjoy, finish, mind, practise, risk, suggest 52. I dont know why she avoids _ his opinion on the subject. (Test 3) A. to give B. to be given C. giving D. being given c 50. Her sun-tanned face suggested that she_ in excellent health. (Test 6) A. be B. is C. was D. were c 2) cant help, cant stand, give up, feel like, put off, be busy, have difficulty /trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time, be used to, see to, be opposed to, be sentenced to, admit to, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to 46. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _ for her exam. (Test 1) A. to prepare B. to be prepared C. preparing D. being prepared c 57. I _ going to the doctor, but I wish I hadnt. (Test 1) A. pick out B. make out C. give off D. put off d 46. The match was cancelled because most of the members _ a match without a standard court. (Test 6) A. objected to having B. objected to have C. were objected to have D. were objected to having a 4、1)下列动词或词组后既可以跟动 名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语 ，但意义上又区别，要特别注意。 forget / remember to do sth 忘记/记住去做某事 doing sth 忘记/记住已做某事 53. If I had remembered _ the window, the thief would not have got in. (Test 3) A. to close B. closing C. to have closed D. having closed a stop to do sth 停下来接着做另一件事 doing sth 停止做某事 try to do sth 努力/试图做某事 doing sth 尝试着做某事 mean go on to do sth 意欲/想/企图做某事 doing sth 意味着做某事 to do sth （做完某事）接着做另一件事 doing sth 继续做同一件事 (=go on with sth) 2) 动词need, require, want和be worth need/require/want doing/to be done sb. to do sth. The window needs/requires/wants cleaning. to be cleaned. be worth +n. doing The place is worth visiting.(主动表被动含 义。 5、分词 现在分词和过去分词 1）区别：掌握八个字。 分词 现在分词：主动、进行 过去分词：被动、完成 2）过去分词和现在分词的被动式都可以 表示被动的意义，但各自的时间的概念 不同：过去分词表示动作完成或已经发 生，而现在分词的被动式表示动作正在 进行，还未完成。 46. Air pollution _, this city is still a good place to live in. (Test 3) A. being greatly reduced B. greatly being reduced C. to greatly reduce D. greatly to reduce a 47. Many Americans worry about leisure and hurry from one activity to the next, _ little time to stop and think. (Test 3) A. leave B. leaving C. left D. to leave b 54. Cambridge has announced plans to establish a business school _the masters degree in the business administration. (Test 3) A. representing B. offering C. presenting D. supplying b 考点分析：represent的意思是“代表”， offer 意 为“提供”，present意为“提出” ， supply意为“供 应” 53. _ such a good chance, he planed to learn more. (Test 5) A. Giving B. Having given C. Having been given D. To be given c If he_ such a good chance, he planed to learn more. A. was giving B. had given C. had been given D. was to give 52. Having been asked to speak at the convention _. (Test 6) A. some notes were prepared for Dr. Smith B. Smith prepared some notes C. The convention members were pleased to hear Dr. Smith D. Some notes were prepared by Dr. Smith b 49. The concert usually takes place at the Peoples Square, with the audience _ on the ground. (Test 1) A. seating B. seated C. be seating D. to seat b 二、情态动词和虚拟语气 （一）情态动词 重点掌握“情态动词+完成时”的用 法 1. must + have done: 表示对过去的一种 肯定的推测，意为“肯定”“一定”。 2. may (might) + have done: 用于肯定和 否定句，表示对已发生的是事情的推测 ，相当于“可能”“大概”，但不太肯定。 3. should (ought to) +have done: 该结构一 般用于虚拟语气，肯定句表过去没有发 生但却发生的事，译为“本应”；否定句 表示过去发生了本不该发生的事，译为“ 本不该”。 47. Although Jack made a foolish mistake, we _ at him. (Test 4) A. ought to have laughed B. oughtnt to have laughed C. ought to laugh D. should not to laugh b 47. Five minutes earlier, _ we could have caught the last train. A. and B. or C. so D. but c 5. neednt + have done: 表示不必做的事 却做了， 可译为“其实不必” 4. could (not) + have done: 表过去的时间 ，说明某事可能（不可能）发生；肯定 句表示某事过去本可以做但却未做；否 定句表示某事过去本来不应该做但做了 。 二）虚拟语气 1、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中 2、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用 3、虚拟语气用在as if (as though), even if (even though)中 4、在It is (high) time (that)句型中，也需用虚 拟语气。从句中的动词用过去式。 5、用于if only引导的句中。 构 主 从 成 句 时态 虚拟条件句主句 与现在事实 相反的假设 If + 主语+动词的过去式 （be 动词用were） 主语+should /would /could /might+动词 原形 与过去事实 相反的假设 If + 主语+had +过去分 词 主语+should /would /could /might +have+ 过去分词 与将来事实 相反的假设 If + 主语+动词的过去 式 If + 主语+were to do If + 主语+should do 主语+should /would /could /might+动词 原形 1、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中 53. If I had remembered _ the window, the thief would not have got in. (Test 3) A. to close B. closing C. to have closed D. having closed a 50. If the whole program _ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. (Test 1) A. was not planned B. were not planned C. would not be planned D. had not been planned d 2、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用 49. We desire that the tour leader _ us imme- diadately of any changes in plan. (Test 4) A. inform B. informs C. informed D. has informed a 当suggest, propose, desire, advice等含有建议的 意思时，that从句习惯用（should)+动词原形 50. Her wish was that he _ at Beijing Univer- sity at once. (Test 5) A. studies B. studied C. study D. will study c 考点分析：在would rather、would prefer后的宾 语从句中，需用虚拟语气，其构成为动词用过 去式。 49. Most insurance agents would rather you _ anything about collecting claims until they inves- tigate the situation. (Test 6) A. dont do B. didnt do C. would not do D. do b 在It is +形容词或过去分词或特定的名词+ that 的主语从句中： 形容词有：advisable, desirable, essential, impor- tant, necessary, normal, strange 过去分词有：decided, desired, demanded, ordered, required, suggested 特定的名词有：advice, decision, desire, demand, suggestion, wish, proposal, idea 48. This is very difficult operation. It is essential that you _ for emergency (Test 6) A. are to be prepared B. would prepared C. be prepared D. must be prepared c 3、虚拟语气用在as if (as though), even if (even though)中 54. Determined to _ as if everything were normal, he responded with a kind of indif