教外国人汉语第1课.ppt

CHINESE LANGUAGE N hu shu hn y (zhng wn) ma? Can you speak Chinese? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 r S Y sn b q w sh ji li Instruction on Chinese PhoneticsInstruction on Chinese Phonetics 1. Chinese syllables1. Chinese syllables Syllable Syllable is is the the basic basic unit unit of of Chinese Chinese phonetics. phonetics. Chinese Chinese syllables syllables are are combined combined of of initials, initials, finals finals and and tones. tones. Generally Generally speaking, speaking, one one Chinese Chinese character character indicates indicates one one syllable. syllable. For For example: example: the the syllable syllable “m”, “m”, is is combined combined of of initial initial “m”, “m”, final final “a”, “a”, and and the the first first tone, tone, corresponded corresponded with with the the character character “ “ 妈妈”, ”, which means “mom, mother”.which means “mom, mother”. Initial + Final +Tone Initial + Final +Tone SyllableSyllable 2. Initials and finals in Chinese2. Initials and finals in Chinese The The consonant consonant at at the the beginning beginning of of one one syllable syllable is is called called “initial”, “initial”, and and the the rest rest part part of of the the syllable syllable is is called called “final”. “final”. For For example: example: in in syllable syllable “hn”, “hn”, “h” “h” is is initial, initial, and and “an” “an” is is final. final. Some Some of of the the Chinese Chinese syllable syllable have have no no initials, initials, but but they they must must have have finals finals and and tones, tones, like i like i 爱（爱（lovelove）. . Initial + Final +Tone Initial + Final +Tone SyllableSyllable bpmfdtnl gkhjqxzhch shrzcsyw InitialsInitials a o eiu aieiuiaooui ieeeranenin unnangengingong FinalsFinals Tones are one of the most important Tones are one of the most important characteristics of Chinese phonetics. There characteristics of Chinese phonetics. There are four basic tones in Chinese: first tone, are four basic tones in Chinese: first tone, second tone, third tone and fourth tone. second tone, third tone and fourth tone. Combinations of same initials and finals but Combinations of same initials and finals but different tones have different meanings.different tones have different meanings. For example: shu For example: shu water water shu shu sleep sleep 3. Tones in Chinese3. Tones in Chinese The first tone The second tone The third tone The fourth tone Four Tones in ChineseFour Tones in Chinese Tones Features the first toneflat the second tonerising the third tonefirst falling down, then rising the fourth tonefalling down 1.Finals:1.Finals: a o e i u a o e i u Class OneClass One Chinese Phonetics Chinese Phonetics Chinese Phonetics Chinese Phonetics Chinese Phonetics Chinese Phonetics Class OneClass One Pronunciation essentials While pronouncing u, the tongue is held backward While pronouncing u, the tongue is held backward with the lips being rounded and moved forward as with the lips being rounded and moved forward as much as possible. While e is a back, mid-high and much as possible. While e is a back, mid-high and unrounded vowel. If it is difficult to pronounce e, unrounded vowel. If it is difficult to pronounce e, you can pronounce o first, and transform into e by you can pronounce o first, and transform into e by extending the duration of o while spreading the extending the duration of o while spreading the angles of your lips.angles of your lips. Class OneClass One Pronunciation essentials Both i and Both i and are front and high vowel. But when are front and high vowel. But when pronouncing i, the lips should be flat. While pronouncing i, the lips should be flat. While pronouncing , the lips must be rounded up. The pronouncing , the lips must be rounded up. The pronunciation of i is similar to the “ee” in “cheese”. pronunciation of i is similar to the “ee” in “cheese”. When you practice , you can pronounce i first, and When you practice , you can pronounce i first, and gradually transform into by extending the duration gradually transform into by extending the duration of i, then round up the lips and keep the tongue of i, then round up the lips and keep the tongue position unchanged.position unchanged. Class OneClass One Pronunciation essentials While pronouncing u, the tongue is held backward While pronouncing u, the tongue is held backward with the lips being rounded and moved forward as with the lips being rounded and moved forward as much as possible. But much as possible. But is a front and high vowel. is a front and high vowel. When is pronounced, you should hold your When is pronounced, you should hold your tongue forward with rounded lips.tongue forward with rounded lips. 1. My name is . w de mng z sh .w de mng z sh . w jio. w jio. 2. I am . w sh .w sh . Class OneClass One 3.Whats your name? n jio shn me mng z?n jio shn me mng z? 4. Nice to meet you. hn hn go xng rn sh go xng rn sh n.n. Class OneClass One A : n ho! (A: Hello!) B: n ho! (B: Hello!) A: w jio Mary, n jio shn me mng z? (A: My name is Mary, whats your name?) B: w jio Tom. (B: My name is Tom.) A: hn go xng rn sh n. (A:Nice to meet you.) B: w y sh. (B: Me too.) Class OneClass One Class OneClass One Key Words: I w my w de you n (single)/ n men(plural) your n de/ n men de am/is/are sh name mng z(n.); jio(v.) what shn me happy go xng know/meet rn sh A:N ho!你好！ Hello! /Hi! B:N ho!你好！ Hello!/Hi! A:Nn ho!您好 ！ Hel