2011高考英语专题辅导-单项选择题解题技巧（让你从容应对高考） .ppt

,practice and progress,techniques used in multiple choice,单 项 填 空 题,高考题型专题复习,命题特征,解题技巧,专题练习,解题要素,命题要点,multiple choice characteristics,单 项 填 空 的 命 题 特 征,知识覆盖面广 语境地位突出 交际性原则明确 试题题干新颖 迷惑性较大 灵活性较高,multiple choice checkpoints,单项填空的命题要点,情景交际 动词短语 句子结构 介词搭配 连词、代词 形容词、副词 情态动词 动词语态 动词时态 非谓语动词,essential factors in doing multiple choice,分析句子结构,注重意群理解,单项填空的解题要素,一、分析句子结构 句子结构复杂，迷惑性大，稍有疏忽，便会受到干扰项的干扰。解题时必须首先认清主要句子成份。,复杂句子解读的一般规律是,谓语,she,saw,宾语,that her boss, mr. foss， was dead on the floor.,when miss green got to the office early yesterday morning，,who works in a big company，,主语,状语,定语,找到主句及其谓语。,主句是复杂句中 不带连接词的句子,when mrs. green , who works in a big company, got to the office yesterday morning, she saw that her boss, mr. foss, was dead on the floor.,主题（主语）the old english teacher,内容（谓语）will give us a talk,内容修正（状语）when he is free next week,词义限定1（定语） who retired ten years ago-the old english teacher,词义限定2（定语） on how to study english well-a talk,the old english teacher who retired ten years ago will give us a talk on how to study english well when he is free next week.,分析句子结构的一般规律是 1）找到主语确定信息主题 2）找到谓语确定信息内容 3）找到状语确定信息成立的条件 4）找到定语以确定某个名词的准确意义 解读复杂句子的一般规律是 1）解读句子的关键是找到主句的谓语,主句是复杂句中不带连接词的句子。,二、注重意群理解group meaning 意群在英语交际中表达一个词组 一个句子或一个段落的完整的意义。各个意群是一个有机的整体，在意义上不能把里面的单词分割开来。,各个意群是一个有机的整体，在意义上不 能 把它们分割开来。如：,1.jenny is pleasant to _ . a. say b. speak c. talk d. talk to,d,2.occasions are quite rare_ i have the time to spend a day with my kids. (08山东） a. who b. which c. why d. when,d,3. - whom would you rather _with you, mary or june? - _. a. go, neither b. have go, either c. have gone, either d. have to go , both,b,分析句子结构,注重意群理解,remember,strategies used in multiple choice,解题策略：,把握语境信息,strategy one,把握语境 题干中不明确标示解题关键信息，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。,不同的语境传达不同的信息,注意比较:,1. （原题） has sam finished his homework today? i have no idea. he _ it this morning. （nmet 2004 全国ii） （改编） has sam finished his homework today? yes. he _ it this morning. a. did b. has done c. was doing d. had done,c,a,2. （原题） -which of the three ways shall i take to the village ? - _way as you please. (2004 福建) （改编） -which of the two ways shall i take to the village ? - _way as you please. a. each b. every c. any d. either,d,c,3. （原题） what worries me is _ he is going to make the leap from his comfortable life with us to independence.(2009届第一次联考) a. how b. what c. where d. that （改编） what comforts/pleases me is_ he is going to make the leap from his comfortable life with us to independence.,a,d,4. （原题） -the two exercises arent easy, are they ? -yes, _ of us did them right.（第一次联考） none b. all c. no one d. everyone （改编） -the two exercises arent easy, are they ? -yes, _ did them right. -the two exercises arent easy, are they ? -no, _ of us did them right.,应为every/any one of us,不能说everyone/someone/anyone of,b,b/d,a,以语境为切入点,认真思考。不放过 任何细节，把握住题干里所隐藏的信息、 关键词。,解题诀窍,还原或化简句子,strategy two,还原或化简句子 题干以省略句、疑问句 、被动句 、倒装句、强调句等形式，避开考生所熟悉的陈述句结构，从而加大难度。有时题干较长,加入了从句、插入语等修饰部分。,如：1.whom would you rather have _with you ? a.to go b. go c. gone d. going,分析： 测试的知识点是使役动词have的宾语补足语用动词原形表示将要发生的动作。have sb. do sth.,还原为：you would rather have whom _ with you.,一、将疑问句改成陈述句,1.time should be made good use of _our lessons well. a.learning b.learned c.to learn d.learns,we should make good use of time _our lesson well.,c,2.charles babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. a to invent b inventing c to have invented d having invented.,people generally considered charles babbage _the first computer.,c,二、改被动句为主动句,1. it was _ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home arepair brepairing cto repair din repair,还原为：the old man spent the whole morning _ the old clock at home,三、强调句型还原成简单句式,what little tom said to his mother sounded! a what reasonable b how a reasonable c how reasonable d what a reasonable,what little tom said to his mother sounded!很容易发现sound之后应接形容词作表语。,四、 感叹句还原为陈述句,that was we had in london 3 years ago! a wonderful time b a wonderful time c wonderful d wonderfully,可还原为：we had a wonderful time in london 3 years ago。可看出该复合句中有一固定搭配 had a wonderful time（玩得愉快），定语从句中省略了关系代词that。,(that),五、 固定短语还原,六、 补充省略成分,1. -what made you so happy ? -_. a. because of my passing the exam. b. i passed the exam. c. because i passed the exam. d. my passing the exam.,(made me so happy),2. if the weather is fine, well go. if _, _. a. not, not b. no, no c. not, no d. no, not,if you study hard, youll succeed. if not, not.,3.one of the sides of the blackboard should be painted yellow, and _.(2000春季招生) the other is white b. another white c. the other white d. another is white,a少了painted,b和d不能用another,因为木板只有两面，两面中 的另一面只能用the other.,c实际是the other should be painted white的省略,c,1. he believes in himself，_ ， in my opinion, is of the most importance athat bwhich cwhat das 2. the writer，whom i often refer to at the meetings, _ famous for those works ais bare cam dwere,( ),b,七、去掉插入语、分词结构、从句等,a,(,),将不熟悉的疑问句，倒装句，被动句，强调句等 还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可将残缺的部分补出或将插 入语等多余的部分删除。,解题决窍,克服思维定势,strategy three,克服思维定势 利用思维定势的影响设计的题目是最容易让我们上当的题目。因为我们背记了许多语法规则，词汇，词的固定搭配和句子结构等，做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则，结构和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思是就作出了选择，结果当然出错。 例如：,解析容易误认为是考查spend some time (in) doing sth结构而选a，忽视了waiting for这一部分。正确答案应是d。 locked in your room在句子里作方式状语，“（我）被锁在你的房间里等侯”。,1. i will spend a whole evening _ in your room waiting for the thief to arrive. a. locking b. in locking c. being locked d. locked,2. the country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992. (2005山东卷) a. change b. has changed c. changing d. have changed,解析易受sb be used to doing的影响而误选c。根据句意和结构可知, he was used to为定语从句，修饰先行词the country life。此空格应填谓语动词。,正确分析句子结构，正确理解意群，避免定势思维。 在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，我们应就一些常见的、 重要的词、词组及句型加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避 免思维定势的干扰。,解题决窍：,熟悉英语文化,克服母语干扰,strategy four,英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不 同，出题者常利用汉英差异出题。,克服母语干扰,注意：英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，出题者常利用汉英差异出题。,1. -its getting late.im afraid i must be going now. (2004全国） -ok. _ a.take it easy. b. go slowly. c.stay longer. d. see you.,2.-i am afraid i cant return the book to you before friday.(2008重庆卷) -_. a. dont afraid b. be careful c. not at all d. take your time,ill come to see you if _. a. youre convenient b. it is convenient for you c. you feel convenient d. it is convenient with you,he wants to move house, because he hates the _ here. a. crowded traffic b. crowded traffics c. busy traffic d. busy traffics,3. “如果你方便的话”说成英语是 if you are convenient吗?,4.“交通拥挤”的英语是crowded traffic吗?,留心英汉表达差异 ,平时要多读多比较 多归纳，用英语思维，避免chinglish。,解题诀窍：,注重标点符号和连词提示,strategy five,标点符号或连词往往决定句子后半部分的句子成份。,标点符号，连