2014年高考英语总复习专项专题课件：名词性从句.ppt

语法专项突破语法专项突破 语法专项十 名词性从句 1 1主语从句主语从句 (1)(1)主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。引主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。引 导主语从句的词如下：导主语从句的词如下： whowho，thatthat，whichwhich，whatwhat，whenwhen，wherewhere ，howhow，whetherwhether，whywhy，whoeverwhoever， whicheverwhichever，whateverwhatever等。如：等。如： 知识必备 What What I I want want to to drink drink is is coffee.coffee.我想喝的是我想喝的是 咖啡。咖啡。 That That you you are are coming coming to to London London is is the the best best news I have heard this long time.news I have heard this long time. 长长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要去久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要去伦伦 敦。敦。 When When they they will will come come hasnt hasnt been been made made public.public. 他他们们来的来的时间时间 没有公布。没有公布。 Whatever you want can be found here.Whatever you want can be found here. 你在你在这这里可以找到任何你想要的。里可以找到任何你想要的。 (2)(2)主主语语从句可以放在句子后面，而用从句可以放在句子后面，而用it it作形作形 式主式主语语放在句首，尤其是放在句首，尤其是thatthat引引导导的主的主语语 从句常用于此种句式中，即：从句常用于此种句式中，即：It Itbebe adjadj / / n n . .thatthat clauseclause。但。但whatwhat，whateverwhatever， whoeverwhoever，whicheverwhichever引引导导的主的主语语从句一从句一 般不后置。如：般不后置。如： It It is is very very difficult difficult to to cool cool damaged damaged nuclear nuclear reactors.reactors. 冷却受冷却受损损核反核反应应堆很堆很难难。 It is a pity that you missed such a fine talk.It is a pity that you missed such a fine talk. 很很遗遗憾你憾你错过错过 了如此美好的了如此美好的谈话谈话 。 (3)whoever(3)whoever，whateverwhatever，whicheverwhichever引引导导的的 主主语语从句：从句：whoeverwhoever相当于相当于anyone anyone whowho， 表明泛指关系，表示表明泛指关系，表示“任何任何的人都，的人都， 凡是凡是的人都的人都”。whateverwhatever相当于相当于 anything anything thatthat，表示，表示“所所的一切，无的一切，无 论论”。whicheverwhichever意意为为“无无论论哪个；哪个； 无无论论哪些哪些”。既可指人，也可指物；既可。既可指人，也可指物；既可 单单独使用，也可修独使用，也可修饰饰名名词词，也可以跟，也可以跟ofof短短 语连语连 用。如：用。如： Whoever comes will be welcome.Whoever comes will be welcome. 谁谁来都会来都会欢欢迎。迎。 Whatever Whatever was was said said here here must must be be kept kept secret.secret. 在在这这里所里所说说的一切都要保密。的一切都要保密。 Whichever Whichever of of us us fulfils fulfils his his task task first first will will lend a helping hand to others.lend a helping hand to others. 无无论论我我们们中哪一个先完成了任中哪一个先完成了任务务都将帮助都将帮助 其他人。其他人。 Whichever Whichever book book you you choose choose doesnt doesnt matter matter to me.to me. 你你选选哪本哪本书书不关我的事。不关我的事。 2 2宾语从句宾语从句 (1)(1)宾语宾语 从句在复合句中作主句的从句在复合句中作主句的宾语宾语 。引。引 导宾语导宾语 从句的从句的词词如下：如下： thatthat，whatwhat，whetherwhether，if if，wherewhere，whenwhen， whateverwhatever，whoeverwhoever等。如：等。如： We must find out who did all this.We must find out who did all this. 我我们们必必须查须查 明明谁谁做了做了这这个。个。 We We are are wondering wondering if if the the nuclear nuclear radiation radiation will affect China.will affect China. 我我们们担心核担心核辐辐射是否会影响到中国。射是否会影响到中国。 He walked to where I stood.He walked to where I stood. 他朝我站的地方走他朝我站的地方走过过来。来。 (2)(2)由由whateverwhatever，whicheverwhichever，whoeverwhoever， whoseverwhosever引引导导的的宾语宾语 从句。如：从句。如： You You may may do do whatever(anything whatever(anything that)you that)you like.like. 你可以做任何你喜你可以做任何你喜欢欢的事。的事。 Return Return the the book book to to whosever whosever (anyone (anyone whose)name is on it.whose)name is on it. 把把书还给书书还给书 上写名字的人。上写名字的人。 Ill read whichever book(any that)I like.Ill read whichever book(any that)I like. 我将我将读读我喜我喜欢欢的的书书。 (3)(3)介介词词后的后的宾语宾语 从句。如：从句。如： Tom Tom is is a a nice nice boyboy，except except that that he he is is sometimes late for school.sometimes late for school. 汤汤姆是个很棒的男孩，除了有姆是个很棒的男孩，除了有时时上学上学迟迟到到 。 I I always always think think of of how how I I can can improve improve my my spoken English.spoken English. 我我总总是在考是在考虑虑如何提高口如何提高口语语。 The The teacher teacher is is pleased pleased with with what what she she has has said.said. 老老师师很高很高兴兴听到她听到她说说的的话话。 (4)(4)形容形容词词后的后的宾语宾语 从句从句(that(that可省略可省略) )。如：。如： Were Were glad glad that that our our football football team team has has won won the match.the match. 我我们们很高很高兴兴我我们们的足球的足球队赢队赢 了比了比赛赛。 (5)(5)非非谓语动词谓语动词 后的后的宾语宾语 从句。如：从句。如： Realizing Realizing that that it it was was just just a a difference difference in in the the customcustom，the the foreigner foreigner smiled smiled and and said said nothing.nothing. 当外国人意当外国人意识识到到这这只是只是习惯习惯 上的不同，就上的不同，就 笑笑什么也没笑笑什么也没说说。 On On being being asked asked whether whether he he had had had had any any good good food food in in ItalyItaly，he he answered answered “ “TerribleTerrible” ” 当被当被问问到他是否在意大利享受到他是否在意大利享受过过美食美食时时， 他回答他回答“很糟很糟”。 (6)(6)宾语宾语 从句中的形式从句中的形式宾语宾语 it it。 在在“及物及物动词动词 宾语宾语 宾语补宾语补 足足语语”的的结结 构中，构中，宾语宾语 如果是由从句来担任，如果是由从句来担任，则则通常通常 放在放在宾补宾补 的后面，用形式的后面，用形式宾语宾语 it it来代替它来代替它 ，此，此时时，thatthat一般不可省。如：一般不可省。如： I I made made it it clear clear that that I I was was determined determined to to carry out the plan.carry out the plan. 我很清楚，我已下定决心我很清楚，我已下定决心实实施施这项计这项计 划。划。 (7)(7)宾语宾语 从句中的虚从句中的虚拟语拟语 气：气： desiredesire愿望，愿望，demanddemand要求，要求，insistinsist坚坚决要决要 求，求，orderorder命令，命令，requestrequest请请求，求，suggestsuggest建建 议议，proposepropose提提议议，建，建议议等等词词后的后的宾语宾语 从从 句用虚句用虚拟语拟语 气。气。宾语宾语 从句的从句的谓语谓语 形式：形式： shouldshoulddodo，shouldshould可以省略。如：可以省略。如： He He insisted insisted that that she(should)stay she(should)stay here here for for another week.another week. 他他坚坚持持认为认为 她她应该应该 在在这这再待一周。再待一周。 They They suggested suggested that that we(should) we(should) start start at at once.once. 他他们们建建议议我我们们立即开始。立即开始。 wishwish后的后的宾语宾语 从句用虚从句用虚拟语拟语 气。气。 I wish I had met him yesterday.I wish I had met him yesterday. 我希望昨天我希望昨天见过见过 他。他。 3 3表语从句表语从句 (1)that(1)that和和whatwhat引引导导的表的表语语从句的区从句的区别别： thatthat引引导导表表语语从句从句时时，充当，充当连词连词 的作用，的作用， 没有没有实际实际 意意义义，不作句子成分；，不作句子成分；whatwhat引引 导导的表的表语语从句，既充当从句，既充当连连接代接代词词的作用的作用 ，又作句子成分。如：，又作句子成分。如： Our Our plan plan is is that that well well go go there there once once a a week.week. 我我们们的的计计划是我划是我们们一周去一次。一周去一次。 Thats what he said.Thats what he said.那就是他那就是他说说的的话话。 (2)(2)引引导导表表语语从句从句时时，用，用whetherwhether，不能用，不能用if if 。如：。如： The The question question is is whether whether he he has has signed signed the the contract.(contract.(不能用不能用if)if) 问题问题 是他是否已是他是否已经签经签 了合同。了合同。 (3)reason(3)reason后面的表后面的表语语从句用从句用thatthat引引导导；定；定 语语从句用从句用whywhy或或thatthat引引导导。请请比比较较下面两下面两 个复合句：个复合句： The The reason reason why why we we dont dont trust trust him him is is that that he often lies.he often lies. 我我们们不信任他的原因是他不信任他的原因是他经经常撒常撒谎谎。 You You must must tell tell him him the the reason reason why/that why/that you you wont accept his offer.wont accept his offer. 你必你必须须告告诉诉他你不接受他他你不接受他报报价的原因。价的原因。 (4)(4)由由连连接副接副词词引引导导的表的表语语从句。如：从句。如： That is where the great writer used to live.That is where the great writer used to live. 那就是大作家以前住的地方。那就是大作家以前住的地方。 That is why the sports meet was put off.That is why the sports meet was put off. 那就是运那就是运动动会被推会被推迟迟的原因。的原因。 (5)(5)表表语语从句从句还还可用可用asas，as as if/thoughif/though引引导导。 如：如： Things were not as they seemed.Things were not as they seemed. 事情并不像他事情并不像他们们看到的那看到的那样样。 It looks as if it is going to rain.It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去好像要下雨了。看上去好像要下雨了。 as as if if引引导导表表语语从句从句时时，谓语动词谓语动词 可用可用陈陈述述 语语气，也可用虚气，也可用虚拟语拟语 气。如：气。如： When When a a pencil pencil is is partly partly in in a a glass glass of of waterwater ，it looks as if itwere broken.(it looks as if itwere broken.(虚虚拟语拟语 气气) ) 当当铅铅笔的一部分在一杯水中笔的一部分在一杯水中时时，它看上去像，它看上去像 断了。断了。 4 4同位语从句同位语从句 (1)(1)同位同位语语从句常放在从句常放在factfact，newsnews，ideaidea， truthtruth，hopehope，problemproblem，informationinformation， beliefbelief，thoughtthought，doubtdoubt等名等名词词的后面，的后面， 是是对对前面的名前面的名词词作作进进一步的解一步的解释释，说说明明 前面的名前面的名词词的具体的含的具体的含义义。如：。如： The The hope hope that that he he may may recover recover is is not not gone gone yet.yet. 他恢复的希望他恢复的希望还还没有破没有破灭灭。 The The problem problem whether whether we we should should continue continue to to do do the the experiment experiment has has been been solved.(ifsolved.(if 不能代替不能代替whetherwhether来引来引导导同位同位语语从句从句) ) 是否我是否我们应该继续们应该继续 做做实验实验 的的问题问题 已已经经解决解决 了。了。 I have no idea when he will come back.I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他将何我不知道他将何时时回来。回来。 There There is is no no doubt doubt that that the the nuclear nuclear reactor reactor crisis will have a great effect on Japan.crisis will have a great effect on Japan. 毫无疑毫无疑问问核反核反应应堆危机将堆危机将对对日本日本产产生极大生极大 影响。影响。 (2)(2)同位同位语语从句与定从句与定语语从句的区从句的区别别： 同位同位语语从句是从句是对对前面名前面名词词的内容作的内容作进进一步一步 的解的解释释、说说明，引明，引导词导词 thatthat只起引只起引导导作用作用 ，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。 定定语语从句是从句是对对前面名前面名词进词进 行修行修饰饰、限制、限制 ，引，引导词导词 在句中作一定的句子成分。如：在句中作一定的句子成分。如： The The news news that that they they had had won won the the game game soon spread over the whole school.soon spread over the whole school. 他他们赢们赢 得比得比赛赛的消息很快就的消息很快就传传遍了整个学遍了整个学 校。校。( (此句此句为为同位同位语语从句，从句，进进一步解一步解释释 “ “the newsthe news” ”的内容的内容) ) The The news news you you told told me me yesterday yesterday was was really really disappointing.disappointing. 你昨天告你昨天告诉诉我的消息真的很令人失望。我的消息真的很令人失望。( (此此 句是定句是定语语从句，它指的是从句，它指的是“你昨天告你昨天告诉诉我我 的那个消息的那个消息”) ) 1 1巧借不及物动词，善断连接词。巧借不及物动词，善断连接词。 名名词词性从句的一个关性从句的一个关键键点是点是选选用用连连接代接代词词 还还是是连连接副接副词词。如果。如果这这个从句中的个从句中的谓语谓语 是不及物是不及物动词动词 ，后面跟的一定是状，后面跟的一定是状语语，再，再 根据缺少的意思根据缺少的意思选择选择 when, when, where, where, whywhy或或 howhow。如：。如： 技巧点拨 I I prefer prefer shutting shutting myself myself in in and and listening listening to to music all day on Sundays.music all day on Sundays. Thats_ Thats_ I I dont dont agree. agree. You You should have a more active life.should have a more active life. A Awherewhere B Bhowhow C CwhenwhenD Dwhatwhat 解析：解析：该句的意思是该句的意思是“那就是我不同意的地那就是我不同意的地 方所在方所在”。 “ “_ _ I I dont dont agreeagree” ”是表语从句，该是表语从句，该 从句的谓语是不及物动词从句的谓语是不及物动词agree(agree(同意同意) )，不，不 需要宾语，也不缺少主语，所以此处不可需要宾语，也不缺少主语，所以此处不可 能用连接代词能用连接代词whatwhat，而应该用连接副词作，而应该用连接副词作 状语，根据上下文可知，空格处应该表示状语，根据上下文可知，空格处应该表示 “方面；点方面；点”，只有，只有wherewhere可表达此意。可表达此意。 这是一道有极好区分度的试题。这是一道有极好区分度的试题。 做此类试题，关