2014高考英语二轮语法篇专题：专题3代词(it的用法).ppt

专题三 代词(it的用法) 英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称 代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词 、关系代词和不定代词八种。 附表 ： 代词类别词类别 例词词 例句 人称 代词词 主格 I, we, you, he, she, it, they She teaches us English. 宾宾格 me, us, you, him, her, it, them Who is it? Its me. 物主 代词词 形容 词词性 my, your, his, her, its, our, their This is our classroom. His father is an engineer. 名词词性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs. This is her coat. Mine is over there. Something has gone wrong with my bike. May I use yours? This book isnt mine; its Toms. Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party. 反身代词词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves Tom taught himself Chinese. She loves me for myself, not for my money. She is not quite herself today. I myself can repair the bike. The table itself has only three legs. 指示代词词 this, that, these, those There is this seat here, near me, or there is that one in the fourth row. Which will you have, this or that？ The weather of Zhanjiang is better than that of my hometown. TV sets made in Nanjing are better than those made here. Hello, this is Jack. Who is that speaking? 相互代词词 each other, one another We began to know each other gradually. 疑问问代词词 who, whom, what, which, whose To whom did you speak on the campus? Which city do you like, Beijing or Shanghai? 关系代词词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as This is the pencil whose point is broken. Ive never seen such a book as you spoke of. 不定代词词 some, any, one, either, neither, all, none, each, somebody, no one, nothing, something, anything, everything, everybody I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with everything. Alan sold most of his belongings. He has hardly anything left in the house. 【考点一】考查another, other, others, the other与the others 的辨析 another, other, others, the other与the others用法如下表： 不定代词词 用法说说明 用法举举例 another another常用来指三者 或三者以上中的“另外 一个”。 I dont like this coat. Show me another, please. other 只作定语语，常与复数 名词词或不可数名词连词连 用；但如果前面有the, this, that, some, any, each, every, no, one及 my, your, his 等时时， 则则可与单单数名词连词连 用 。 There are other ways to do this exercise. Do you have any other question(s)? 不定代词词用法说说明用法举举例 others 是other的复数形式 ，泛指别别的人或物（ 但不是全部），不能 作定语语 。 Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. the other 常与one连连用，构成 ：one.the other.。 表示“全部其余的一 个或几个”。 He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. the others 特指其余的人或物。 Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 【即学即练】 单项填空 If you want to change for a double room, youll have to pay _ $15. A. another B. other C. more D. each 解析：选A。句意为：如果你想换一间双人房间，你得再付15美 元。“another+数词+复数可数名词”表示在原有基础上多出的数量 。other, more也有“再、又”之意，但位置与another不同，应使用 “数词+more/other+复数可数名词”结构。 【考点二】考查some， any， (a) little， (a) few的用法 （1）some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句。注意下列 特殊情况： some后接单数可数名词，意为“某一”时，相当于“a certain+单 数可数名词”。 在表示请求或邀请的句子中，当期望对方给予一个肯定的答复 时，通常用some,不用any。 在肯定句中表示“任何，无论哪一个”，后接可数名词单数形式 时，通常用any，不用some。 Any book will do-I just want something to read on the train. 用于肯定的条件句中，意为“什么，一个(些)”。 He asked me if I had any books in my desk. if any是固定词组，意为“若有的话”。 （2）few和little可用作代词和形容词。few和a few可以修饰或代替 可数名词复数。few有否定含义, a few有肯定含义, little和a little可 以修饰或代替不可数名词。little有否定含义, a little含肯定含义。 Can we do our work better with less money and few people? 【考点三】考查复合不定代词 some, any, every, no常与 one, body, thing构成复合不定代词。 这类不定代词有：something(某事，重要的人或事物), anything(什 么事物，任何事物，无论什么事物), nothing(没有东西，什么也没 有，不重要的人或事)，everything(一切事，最重要的事)， someone=somebody(某/有人，重要的人)，everyone=everybody (每 个人，所有人)，anyone=anybody(任何人，无论谁，重要的人)等 。 something, anything, nothing和everything指物，它们在句中作 主语时谓语动词应用单数形式。somebody, anybody, nobody和 everybody用以指人。 它们还与别的词构成很多习语，如：for nothing(徒劳，免费)， nothing but(仅仅，只不过)，anything but(根本不，一点也不，绝 非)，all but(几乎，差不多)，everything but(除了之外所有的) 。 nothing和nobody/ no one表示全部否定。 不定代词后跟else时，表示“另外的，其他的”；形容词修饰 something/anything/nothing时，应置于不定代词之后。 【考点四】考查both， either， neither， all， any， none的辨 析 both, either, neither, all, any, none用法见下表： 代词词 意义义 用法说说明 用法举举例 both 两者 都 表示肯定含义义， 可作主语语、宾语宾语 、 定语语和同位语语。 Both of us are fond of music. Ill take both of the books with me. Juan and Adams both agreed to cooperate . either 两者 中 的任 何 一个 表示肯定意义义，强调调 个体，可作主语语、宾宾 语语和定语语。 If you keep still, you can sit on either end of the boat. neither 两者 都不 表示两者否定，可作 主语语、宾语宾语 和定语语。 Neither of these words is correct. all 全部(三 者或三 者以上) 表示全部肯定， 可作主语语、宾语宾语 、 表语语、定语语和同位语语。 We are all here. We all go to bed at 10 oclock. All (the) girls are out. any 三者或 三者以 上的任 何一个 用法见见【考点二】 When shall we meet again? Any time you like. none 三者或 三者以 上的人 或物的 全部 否定 表示全部否定，在与of 连连用或回答how many/much的提问时问时 只 能用none。 None of these three words are (is) correct. How many sheep did you see on the hill? None. 【考点五】考查替代词it(them), one(ones), that(those)的用法 替代词词 可数与否 泛指与特 指 代替什么 定语语位置 one (ones) 可数泛指 a/an+名词词 代替名词词前置定语语 、后置定 语语 that (those) 可数/不可 数 特指 The +名词词 代替名词词 后置定语语 it (them)可数/不可 数 特指 同一东东西 人，物， 事 无定语语 Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one (=a present ) that I have never seen. Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones (=many presents ) that I have never seen. The book on the desk is better than that / the one under the desk. The books on the desk are better than those / the ones under the desk. 【即学即练】 单项填空 The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from _ spoken in England.(2008宁夏) A. which B. what C. that D. the one 解析：选C。句意为：在美国说的英语与在英国说的英语略有一点 不同。为了避免重复，要用替代词代替前面出现的同一事情，但 此处English为抽象名词，也是不可数名词，要用that, 而不用the one。the one代替可数名词时，可与that互换。 【考点六】考查it的用法 用法说说明用法举举例 指时间时间 、距离、天气、环环 境等。 Its too late to go there now. Its getting colder and colder now. Its about ten minutes - walk from my home to the school. It was very quiet at the moment. 用来代替指示代词词this或that 以及复合不定代词词something, anything, nothing等。 Whose jacket is that? It is hers. Nothing is wrong, is it? 指代前面提到的不明 身份的人、物或事。 I dropped my watch and it broke. There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. Our team won the football match. Have you heard about it? 指性别别不明的婴婴儿或用于确 认认某人的身份。 The baby no more cried as soon as it saw its mother. 常与表示“爱爱、恨”等心理活 动动的动词连动词连 用，it后常接时时 间间或条件状语语从句。 I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand. I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. I like it in autumn when the weather is clear and bright. 谈话谈话 双方心里都 明 白的人或情况。 I didnt recognize it was you. How is it(=your life, work) going? Very well. it用作形式主语语、 形式宾语宾语 It is quite certain that he will be at the meeting. I find it strange that she doesnt want to go. Its no use saying any more about it. It is hoped that one day they will have enough animals to set them free. It is suggested that the sports meeting (should) be put off until next week. It is a pity (that) you missed the sports meeting last week 用法说说明用法举举例 It 句 型 Its time for sth. Its time to do sth. Its time for sb. to do sth. Its (about/high) time + that-从 句(从句谓语谓语 用过过去式，有时时 也用“should+动词动词 原形”) Its time for supper. Its time to get up. Its time to do our work. Its time that we should go/ went to bed. It is/was first (second) time+that-从句 It is/has been+时间时间 段+since- 从句 It was/ will be + 时间时间 段 + before-从句 It is the first time that Mr. Smith has visited China. It was the first time that Mr. Smith had visited China. It is/has been three years since he finished the work. It was three years before he finished the work. It will be three years before he finishes the work. Itbe被强调调部分that who其他 It was Karl thatwho bought Mary a bicycle on her birthday. It was Mary that Karl bought a bicycle for on her birthday. It was a bicycle that Karl bought Mary on her birthday. It was on her birthday that Karl bought Mary a bicycle. 【难点】辨析none， nobody， no one， nothing 用nobody, no one, nothing，none完成下列句子 Whats in the box ? _ . Who is in the classroom? _. How many people are there in the park? _. 【解析】nobody, no one, nothing和none常用作简略答语，一般情 况下，nothing回答what问句； nobody和no one回答who问句； none回答how many或how much问句。所以题填Nothing；题 填Nobody或 No one；题填None。 注意：none 后面可加of引导的介词短语，而 something/anything/everything/nothing; someone/anyone/everyone/no one 却不能。 2013年高考真题 【2013江西】23. _ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it. A. AnybodyB. EverybodyC. NobodyD. Somebody 1【答案】C 【解析】考查代词。根据句意，不可能会有人40年都擅长一个事情，如果他不喜欢的话。 故答案选C。 【2013辽宁】29. To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then _ of her colleagues. A. that B. one C. ones D. those 2【答案】A 【解析】考查代词。根据句意“先赢得了学生的信任，然后赢得了同事的信任”，此处用于 替代不可数名词trust，应用that；如果替代可数名词复数用those或the ones。 【2013山东】21. Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like _ of them very much. A. eitherB. any C. each D. another 3【答案】A 【解析】考查代词用法。根据句意：我在纽约和芝加哥都居住过，但这两个地方我都不是 很喜欢。短语noteither=neither（两者都不），故答案选A。 【2013陕西】22. Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost of her enthusiasm for life. A. some B. neither C. none D. all 4【答案】C 【解析】考查代词。根据句意：虽然Rosemary这些年患上了一种严重的疾病，但是她并 没丧失对生活的一点热情，可知选否定词，排除AD；而neither指两者，应排除，故C。 【2013四川】2.The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than_ on the small ones. A. one B. this C. that D. it 5【答案】C 【解析】考查代词用法。本题考查比较句型中比较对象的替代，通常可以用that替代不可 数名词、those替代可数名词复数。比较对象the traffic为不可数名词，故使用that来替代 ，答案为C。 【2013天津】12. At our factory there are a few machines similar to described in this magazine. A. them B. these C. those D. ones 6【答案】C 【解析】考查代词。本题考查用于比较对象替代的代词。比较对象的替代通常可以用that 替代不可数名词，those替代可数名词复数，故此处用those替代比较对象machines。翻 译为：在我们工厂有一些与这份杂志中描述相似的机器。 【2013新课标II卷】14. Its an either-or situation - we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do . A. others B. either C. another D. both 7【答案】D 【解析】考查代词。根据句意：这是一个只能二选一的处境我们可以今年买一辆新车 ，或我们去度假，但是我们不可能两件事都做，notboth表不完全否定。故选D。 【2013浙江】11. Half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears. A. these B. some C. ones D. those 8【答案】D 【解析】考查代词。横线后有后置定语surveyed in 16 countries，根据句意，被调查的 那些人中的一半，可知选D。 【2013重庆】31. Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is A. another B. the other C. one another D. one 9【答案】A 【解析】考查代词用法。A项“（泛指）另一个，再一个”；B项“（特指）两者中的另一个 ”；C项“互相”；D项“一个”；根据句子意思：回收是保护环境的一种方式；再利用是另一 种方式，可知选A。 1. When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say _ for me?(2010福建) A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 解析：选C。考查不定代词的用法。句意为：当你向约翰逊先生引 荐我的时候，请为我说些好话，好吗？something表示“某事，某物” 。everything表示“任何事物，一切”；anything表示“任何事物”； nothing表示“没有什么”，都不合句意。 2. If our parents do everything for us children, we won t learn to depend on_ .(2010上海) A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves 解析：选D。考查反身代词的用法。depend on oneself意为“自力更 生”。主语为we，因此应为ourselves。 3. You are a team star! Working with _ is really your cup of tea.(2010安徽) A. both B. either C. others D. the other 【2013安徽】27. This project requires close teamwork. will be achieved unless we work well together. A. Nothing B. Anything C. Something D. Everything 10【答案】A 【解析】考查代词。根据句意：除非我们一起合作良好，否则的话不会取得任何成就。故 选A。 【2013福建】35. A society cannot be successful if it throws tradition away, but it cannot be successful _ if we do something to stop progress. A. either B. neither C. too D. also 11【答案】A 【解析】考查代词用法。根据句意，一个社会不可能会成功如果.，一个社会也不会成 功如果。表示“也不”，故选A。 2010高考真题 1. When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say _ for me?(2010福建) A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 解析：选C。考查不定代词的用法。句意为：当你向约翰逊先生引 荐我的时候，请为我说些好话，好吗？something表示“某事，某物” 。everything表示“任何事物，一切”；anything表示“任何事物”； nothing表示“没有什么”，都不合句意。 2. If our parents do everything for us children, we won t learn to depend on_ .(2010上海) A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves 解析：选D。考查反身代词的用法。depend on oneself意为“自力更 生”。主语为we，因此应为ourselves。 3. You are a team star! Working with _ is really your cup of tea.(2010安徽) A. both B. either C. others D. the other 解析：选C。考查代词的用法。句意为：你是一个有团队精神的人 ！与别人合作对你来说太容易了。others其他人；the other两个中 的另一个；both两个都；either（两者之中）任一的。A、B、D三 项均不符合句意。 4. Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age.(2010山东) A. it B. that C. what D. one 解析：选D。考查代词的用法。句意为：帮助别人是一种习惯，一 个你在很小时就能学会的习惯。句中“you can learn even at an early age”是省略了关系代词that 的定语从句，that在定语从句中作learn 的宾语。空格处与前句中的habit构成同位关系，one用来代替前面 出现的泛指的单数名词a habit，避免重复。 5. _ in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum. (2010天津) A. Anything B. Nothing C. Everything D. Something 解析：选B。考查复合不定代词的用法。句意为：没有什么能像第 一次参观故宫博物院一样给我留下如此深刻的印象。从题中so.as. 搭配来看，空白处需要否定词，而A、C、D三项均表示肯定意义。 6. The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city. (2010陕西) A. that B. this C. it D. one 解析：选A。考查代词的用法。句意为：西安市中心的房租比这个 城市其他地段的房租都贵。所填词用于比较状语从句中，指代句 子的主语the cost，即指代不可数名词，用that。 7. On my desk is a photo that my father took of _ when I was a baby. (2010四川) A. him B. his C. me D. mine 解析：选C。考查代词的用法。句意为：我桌上有一张我父亲在我 小时给我拍的照片。take a photo of sb.意为“给某人照相”，此处应 用人称代词的宾格。 8. Neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth things over between them. (2010全国) A. others B. the other C. another D. one other 解析：选B。考查不定代词的用法。neither含有“两者都不”之意， 一方对应另一方，应用the other指“两者中的另一个”。 9. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _ of them again. (2010重庆) A. neither B. either C. each D. all 解析：选B。考查代词的用法。句意为：在战争年代他脾性大变 ，身体也垮了，并且再也没有恢复过来。由“his temper and health”可以排除C项和D项，由后面的never表示否定，可知，选 either。never either是全部否定，相当于neither。 10. Swimming is my favorite sport. There is _ like swimming as a means of keeping fit. (2010江西) A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 解析：选C。考查不定代词的用法。句意为：游泳是我最喜欢的 运动。作为保持健康的一种方式，没有什么比游泳更好的了。 “there is nothing like.”意思是“没有比更好的”。 11. _ thats important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction. (2010浙江) A. One B. All C. Everything D. Anything 解析：选B。考查不定代词的用法。句意为：重要的是你正在努力 并且朝着正确的方向前行。分析四个选项的意思，all后加that引导 的定语从句，符合语境。 12. The doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday. (2010全国) A. this B. that C. one D. it 解析：选D。考查代词it的用法。句意为：医生认为度假对你有好处 。代词it用作形式主语，代替后面真正的主语“to have a holiday”。 this, that, one都不可用作形式主语。 13. The fact that she was foreign made _ difficult for her to get a job in that country. (2010辽宁) A so B. much C. that D. it 解析：选D。考查代词it的用法。句意为：她是外国人这一事实使她 在那个国家中很难找到一份工作。句中for her to get a job in that country是动词不定式的复合结构作made的宾语，difficult是宾语补 足语，此处要用it作形式宾语。so, much和that均不能作形式宾语。 14. His advertisement income this year is about $36 million, over threes times _ of last year.(2010山东省济南市高三第一次模 拟考试) A. that B. what