电大流通概论01次任务及答案.doc

电大流通概论考试复习资料01次任务一、单项选择题（共45道试题，共45分。）1.第一次社会大分工是（ ）。 A. 畜牧业与农业的分离B. 手工业与农业、畜牧业的分离C. 商业与农业、畜牧业的分离D. 商业与手工业的分离2.解决供需矛盾的最公平、最稳定、最经常、最有效的途径是（）。 A. 自行生产B. 赠与或乞讨C. 诈骗或掠夺D. 交换3.第三次社会大分工与前两次社会大分工的根本差别是产生了（）。 A. 手工业B. 农业C. 畜牧业D. 商业4.商业对国内生产总值的贡献程度，可用来衡量的指标有（）。 A. 商业所实现的产值占国内生产总值的比例B. 商业所实现的产值占劳动就业率的比例C. 商业所实现的产值占国民收入的比例D. 商业所实现的产值占第三产业产值的比例5.商人资本是最早出现的（）。 A. 资本形态B. 货币形态C. 商品形态D. 交换形态6.零售商业的服务对象是（）。 A. 再销售者B. 个人消费者C. 产业用户D. 事业用户7.业态是零售商业的()。 A. 企业形态B. 组织形态C. 经营形态D. 管理形态8.对有店铺零售商业来说，形成差别化甚至垄断经营的最重要因素是（）。 A. 店铺选址B. 商品价格C. 商品组合D. 广告与促销9.以下属于无店铺零售商业的是（）。 A. 超级市场B. 仓储是商店C. 邮寄商店D. 便利店10.零售商业的金融功能主要体现为（）。 A. 分期付款B. 有奖销售C. 售后服务D. 降价销售11.无论是近期还是中远期，将成为我国零售商业的主流业态的是（）。 A. 百货店B. 超级市场C. 便利店D. 购物中心12.POS系统也叫销售时点系统，其最大作用是有利于零售商进行（）。 A. 单品管理B. 店铺管理C. 现金管理D. 部门管理13.开发、制造PB商品的主体是（）。 A. 制造商B. 批发商C. 零售商D. 消费者14.零售商与零售商之间的竞争是一种()。 A. 异业竞争B. 垂直竞争C. 垄断竞争D. 水平竞争15.零售商业的事业主体是（）。 A. 个体零售商(业户)B. 制造商C. 法人零售商(企业)D. 批发商16.对零售业进行分类时，业种的分类是根据（）。 A. 经营商品的大类B. 行业C. 企业性质D. 店铺选址17.对零售业进行分类时，业态分类是根据（）。 A. 销售方式B. 经营环境C. 企业性质D. 行业特征18.特许连锁是一种以（）为基础的零售企业经营方式。 A. 契约B. 股份C. 信誉D. 资本19.仓储商店一般采取（）形式。 A. 股份制B. 会员制C. 连锁制D. 合伙制20.作为一种商业积聚形态，购物中心与（）有很多相似之处。 A. 超级市场B. 商业街C. 百货店D. 仓储商店21.百货商店的目标市场是（）。 A. 高中档顾客B. 普通大众C. 流动顾客D. 各个消费层次的顾客22.超级市场的目标市场是()。 A. 高中档顾客B. 普通大众C. 流动顾客D. 各个消费层次的顾客23.核心商圈的基本顾客来源是（）。 A. 工作人口B. 流动人口C. 居住人口D. 外地人口24.一般来说，次级商圈的顾客大约占（）。 A. 5570%B. 1525%C. 1015%D. 10%以下25.“零售引力法则”是由（）提出的。 A. 威廉雷利B. 戴维霍夫C. 尼尔森D. 豪威尔26.在店铺选址应避免的地域中，不正确的是（）。 A. 快速车道旁B. 同类商店集聚地C. 高层建筑物内D. 店铺密度过大的地区27.一般来说，一个店铺的卖场面积应占店铺使用面积的（）。 A. 6070%B. 7080%C. 8090% D. 5060%28.通道的宽度因客流量及卖场面积的大小而不同，但最低应保持在（）之间。 A. 0.50.6米B. 0.60.7米C. 0.70.8米 D. 0.80.9米29.超级市场的主通道可保持在（）之间。 A. 0.81.2米B. 0.91.5米C. 2.13.5米 D. 1.82.1米30.一般来说，商品陈列高度的有效范围在离地面的0.61.8米之间，其中黄金段的高度一般在（）之间。 A. 1.21.8米B. 0.851.2米C. 0.50.85米 D. 0.10.5米31.考虑卖场灯光照明度时，（）部分配置的光度最强。 A. 卖场最里面B. 卖场前面C. 卖场侧面D. 卖场中部32.在橱窗陈列设计时，对于新产品、特色产品应采用（）。 A. 系统式陈列B. 专题性陈列C. 特写式陈列D. 季节性陈列33.在货柜选择上，工业消费品一般以（）为主。 A. 玻璃货柜B. 木制货柜C. 金属货柜D. 塑料货柜34.超级市场商品陈列中，最常用和使用范围最广，且比较适合周转快的商品的陈列形式是（）。 A. 分类陈列B. 整齐陈列C. 集中陈列D. 主题陈列35.顾客在购买过程中，愿意花费较多的时间观察、询问、比较选择的商品属于（）。 A. 日用品B. 选购品C. 应急品D. 特殊品36.表示商品发展性的指标是（）。 A. 行业销售增长率B. 市场占有率C. 资金利润率D. 资金周转率37.对于大批量期货交易可采取（）的采购方式。 A. 市场选购B. 合同定购C. 计划收购D. 预购38.对于农产品收购可采取（）的采购方式。 A. 市场选购B. 合同定购C. 计划收购D. 预购39.采购批量与采购费用的关系是（）。 A. 成正比B. 成反比C. 没有比例关系D. 不确定40.采购批量与保管费用的关系是（）。 A. 成正比B. 成反比C. 没有比例关系D. 不确定41.营业员接待顾客待机的时间长短与商品价格高低（）。 A. 成正比B. 成反比C. 没有比例关系D. 成正态分布42.对于售货人员的不礼貌使顾客受到伤害的投诉可采用（）方式解决。 A. 现金退还B. 商品或价格调节C. 服务调节D. 向顾客表示歉意43.主力商品的数量和销售额，一般要占商品总量和全部销售额的（）。 A. 2030%B. 4050%C. 7080%D. 90%左右44.零售企业在经营商品的（）期，可以采取为生产企业代销的方式。 A. 投入期B. 成长期C. 成熟期D. 衰退期45.消费者购买心理的哪个阶段（），通常喜欢看看同类产品不同品牌，试试商品，所以营业员应该特别注意商品的陈列方式，一定要排列整齐、美观，而且容易看得清楚。 A. 观察阶段B. 兴趣阶段C. 欲望阶段D. 评价阶段二、多项选择题（共30道试题，共30分。）1.社会分工的发展产生了两个效果（）。 A. 提高了劳动生产率B. 加深了不同部门、行业之间的相互依赖C. 产生了商品交换D. 导致了供需矛盾的加剧2.要进行商品交换必须具备两个前提条件（）。 A. 社会分工B. 产权明晰C. 货币媒介D. 劳动者的技能与熟练程度3.商业的主要构成要素是（）。 A. 必须以盈利为目的B. 必须有独立的组织C. 必须从事商品生产D. 必须从事专业化和社会化的商品交换4.物物交换的局限性在于（）。 A. 商品价值无法得到充分、准确的体现B. 交换双方必须彼此都需要对方的产品C. 商品要有剩余D. 交换形式简单5.零售商业的特点是（）。 A. 交易次数频繁，交易批量小B. 对店铺选址及店铺设计有较高的依赖度C. 经营场所分散，经营受商圈的限制D. 具有固定的交易场所6.零售商业的分类方法通常有两类（）。 A. 业种分类B. 业态分类C. 功能分类D. 区域分类7.影响零售商业的因素有（）。 A. 政治法律因素B. 宏观经济因素C. 消费者需求D. 竞争状况8.各国政府对零售商业的干预大致有两个层次 A. 通过一般经济政策B. 通过专门的经济政策C. 通过政府的行政性干预D. 通过法律干预9.店铺外观设计的功能是 A. 让顾客确知店铺的存在B. 吸引顾客来店C. 美化环境D. 促进销售10.店铺内部设计的功能是()。 A. 提高店铺利用率B. 方便顾客流动C. 形成良好的购物氛围D. 刺激消费者的需求11.便利店的生存与发展需要三个基本条件()。 A. 消费者夜生活时间延长B. 单身家庭或单身消费者的大量存在C. 家务劳动的外部依赖程度高D. 讲求购物环境12.我国的连锁商业在业态形式上以（）为主。 A. 超级市场B. 便利店C. 百货店D. 专业店13.超级市场的业务流程可以概括为()。 A. 开架销售B. 自主服务C. 小车携带D. 出门结算14.连锁店的产生与发展需要具备相应的基本条件是()。 A. 具有较高的工业生产水平B. 国民收入及消费达到一定水平C. 有较好的运输、通讯及物流条件D. 统一、开放、有序的市场体系15.自由连锁经营的基本原则是()。 A. 统一营销行动原则B. 利益一致原则C. 适时调整原则D. 造福社会、造福消费者原则16.购物中心的主要功能是（）。 A. 购物B. 休闲C. 娱乐D. 仓储17.仓储商店的突出优势时（）。 A. 以廉价吸引顾客B. 投入费用低C. 地处市中心繁华区D. 为顾客提供较完善的自我服务设施18.()属于无店铺零售企业。 A. 邮购商店B. 专卖店C. 电视售货D. 访问售货19.判定零售业态的标准是()。 A. 组合的独特性B. 广泛的影响性C. 模仿流行性D. 时间的持久性20.店铺选址时的客流分析对象包括（）。 A. 客流类型B. 客流规模C. 客流目标D. 客流速度E. 客流滞留时间21.在进行店铺建筑造型设计时，主要应考虑（）。 A. 建筑物形状B. 建筑物的高度C. 建筑材料D. 建筑物的外表颜色22.卖场设计包括（）。 A. 卖场划分B. 面积分配C. 卖场布局D. 卖场装修23.一个地区的商业区或购物区类型包括（）。 A. 中心商业区B. 副中心商业区C. 商业小区D. 购物中心E. 独立店区24.按照经营商品的构成分类，可以分为（）。 A. 主力商品B. 辅助商品C. 关联商品D. 高档商品25.按照商品的用途分类，可分为（）。 A. 消费品B. 耐用品C. 消耗品D. 服务E. 资本品26.企业商品目录一般包括（）。 A. 经营商品目录B. 残损商品目录C. 必备商品目录D. 降价商品目录27.最佳商品组合的标志是（）。 A. 发展性B. 竞争性C. 稳定性D. 盈利性28.消费者产生购买信心主要来自于（）。 A. 相信商品B. 相信商店或制造商C. 相信营业员介绍D. 相信第一印象29.大多数顾客投诉的原因来自于（）。 A. 商品方面B. 服务方面C. 顾客自身方面D. 情绪方面30.商店服务品质的高低取决于（）。 A. 服务意识B. 服务态度C. 服务技术D. 仪表举止E. 售后服务三、判断题（共25道试题，共25分。）1.只要有社会分工，就一定会有商品交换。 A. 错误B. 正确2.商业完全代替了生产者的交换职能。 A. 错误B. 正确3.商业的事业内容是组织与组织之间的商品交换，而不是组织内部的产品分配、调拨。 A. 错误B. 正确4.制造商或消费者的购销活动也是重要的商业活动。 A. 错误B. 正确5.按流通阶段进行分类，可将商业划分为批发商业与零售商业。 A. 错误B. 正确6.批发商业是“城市服务产业”，零售商业是“城市形成产业”。 A. 错误B. 正确7.商业产出弹性系数的经济意义是商业每增长一个百分点,也使国民经济增长一个百分点。 A. 错误B. 正确8.在商品生产的条件下，生产和交换在空间上是分离的。一般来说，商品生产越发展，这个空间距离就会越缩小。 A. 错误B. 正确9.零售商业是一个充满竞争的行业，因此，政府没有必要对零售商业进行任何干预。 A. 错误B. 正确10.零售商业必须要有店铺，因此，没有店铺就无法经营。 A. 错误B. 正确11.休闲娱乐功能是零售商业所独有的功能。 A. 错误B. 正确12.消费者到商店购物所支付的成本就是指消费者购买商品的价格。 A. 错误B. 正确13.对有店铺零售商来说，店铺设计与商品陈列可提供制造市场差别的丰富机会。 A. 错误B. 正确14.零售商的销售过程是销售人员与顾客自始至终的双向沟通过程。 A. 错误B. 正确15.超级市场的产生被称作零售业的第一次革命。 A. 错误B. 正确16.百货商店是实行自我服务和一次集中结算的售货方式。 A. 错误B. 正确17.特许连锁是所有权与经营权的统一集中。 A. 错误B. 正确18.自由连锁的集中程度低于正规连锁，高于特许连锁。 A. 错误B. 正确19.加盟连锁企业的独立性低于正规连锁，高于自由连锁。 A. 错误B. 正确20.店铺选址应尽可能靠近人口密度高的地区。 A. 错误B. 正确21.店铺出入口设计时要注意，出入口位置一定要设在店铺的中央。 A. 错误B. 正确22.商品陈列时应尽量进行“裸露陈列”即让顾客能直接接触到商品。 A. 错误B. 正确23.商品陈列背景设计时，商品色彩与背景颜色呈补色时，顾客视觉效果最佳。 A. 错误B. 正确24.商品结构中的主力商品是指高档商品。 A. 错误B. 正确25.顾客服务的内容就是销售货真价实的商品。 A. 错误B. 正确请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2016年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released from nerve endings (terminals) in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. It is synthesized within the nerve terminal from choline, taken up from the tissue fluid into the nerve ending by a specialized transport mechanism. The enzyme necessary for this synthesis is formed in the nerve cell body and passes down the axon to its end, carried in the axoplasmic flow, the slow movement of intracellular substance (cytoplasm). Acetylcholine is stored in the nerve terminal, sequestered in small vesicles awaiting release. When a nerve action potential reaches and invades the nerve terminal, a shower of acetylcholine vesicles is released into the junction (synapse) between the nerve terminal and the effector cell which the nerve activates. This may be another nerve cell or a muscle or gland cell. Thus electrical signals are converted to chemical signals, allowing messages to be passed between nerve cells or between nerve cells and non-nerve cells. This process is termed chemical neurotransmission and was first demonstrated, for nerves to the heart, by the German pharmacologist Loewi in 1921. Chemical transmission involving acetylcholine is known as cholinergic. Acetylcholine acts as a transmitter between motor nerves and the fibres of skeletal muscle at all neuromuscular junctions. At this type of synapse, the nerve terminal is closely apposed to the cell membrane of a muscle fibre at the so-called motor end plate. On release, acetylcholine acts almost instantly, to cause a sequence of chemical and physical events (starting with depolarization of the motor endplate) which cause contraction of the muscle fibre. This is exactly what is required for voluntary muscles in which a rapid response to a command is required. The action of acetylcholine is terminated rapidly, in around 10 milliseconds; an enzyme (cholinesterase) breaks the transmitter down into choline and an acetate ion. The choline is then available for re-uptake into the nerve terminal. These same principles apply to cholinergic transmission at sites other than neuromuscular junctions, although the structure of the synapses differs. In the autonomic nervous system these include nerve-to-nerve synapses at the relay stations (ganglia) in both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions, and the endings of parasympathetic nerve fibres on non-voluntary (smooth) muscle, the heart, and glandular cells; in response to activation of this nerve supply, smooth muscle contracts (notably in the gut), the frequency of heart beat is slowed, and glands secrete. Acetylcholine is also an important transmitter at many sites in the brain at nerve-to-nerve synapses. To understand how acetylcholine brings about a variety of effects in different cells it is necessary to understand membrane receptors. In post-synaptic membranes (those of the cells on which the nerve fibres terminate) there are many different sorts of receptors and some are receptors for acetylcholine. These are protein molecules that react specifically with acetylcholine in a reversible fashion. It is the complex of receptor combined with acetylcholine which brings about a biophysical reaction, resulting in the response from the receptive cell. Two major types of acetylcholine receptors exist in the membranes of cells. The type in skeletal muscle is known as nicotinic; in glands, smooth muscle, and the heart they are muscarinic; and there are some of each type in the brain. These terms are used because nicotine mimics the action of acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors, whereas muscarine, an alkaloid from the mushroom Amanita muscaria, mimics the action of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter produced by neurons referred to as cholinergic neurons. In the peripheral nervous system acetylcholine plays a role in skeletal muscle movement, as well as in the regulation of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. In the central nervous system acetylcholine is believed to be involved in learning, memory, and mood. Acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl coenzyme A through the action of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase and becomes packaged into membrane-boundvesicles. After the arrival of a nerve signal at the termination of an axon, the vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, causing the release of acetylcholine into thesynaptic cleft. For the nerve signal to continue, acetylcholine must diffuse to another nearby neuron or muscle cell, where it will bind and activate areceptorprotein. There are two main types of cholinergic receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic. Nicotinic receptors are located at synapses between two neurons and at synapses between neurons and skeletal muscle cells. Upon activation a nicotinic receptor acts as a channel for the movement of ions into and out of the neuron, directly resulting indepolarizationof the neuron. Muscarinic receptors, located at the synapses of nerves with smooth or cardiac muscle, trigger a chain of chemical events referred to as signal transduction. For a cholinergic neuron to receive another impulse, acetylcholine must be released from the receptor to which it has bound. This will only happen if the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft is very low. Low synaptic concentrations of acetylcholine can be maintained via a hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. This enzyme hydrolyzes acetylcholine into acetic acid and choline. If acetylcholinesterase activity is inhibited, the synaptic concentration of acetylcholine will remain higher than normal. If this inhibition is irreversible, as in the case of exposure to many nerve gases and some pesticides, sweating, bronchial constriction, convulsions, paralysis, and possibly death can occur. Although irreversible inhibition is dangerous, beneficial effects may be derived from transient (reversible) inhibition. Drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase in a reversible manner have been shown to improve memory in some people with Alzheimers disease. abstract expressionism, movement of abstract painting that emerged in New York City during the mid-1940s and attained singular prominence in American art in the following decade; also called action painting and the New York school. It was the first important school in American painting to declare its independence from European styles and to influence the development of art abroad. Arshile Gorky first gave impetus to the movement. His paintings, derived at first from the art of Picasso, Mir, and surrealism, became more personally expressive. Jackson Pollocks turbulent yet elegant abstract paintings, which were created by spattering paint on huge canvases placed on the floor, brought abstract expressionism before a hostile public. Willem de Koonings first one-man show in 1948 established him as a highly influential artist. His intensely complicated abstract paintings of the 1940s were followed by images of Woman, grotesque versions of buxom womanhood, which were virtually unparalleled in the sustained savagery of their execution. Painters such as Philip Guston and Franz Kline turned to the abstract late in the 1940s and soon developed strikingly original stylesthe former, lyrical and evocative, the latter, forceful and boldly dramatic. Other important artists involved with the movement included Hans Hofmann, Robert Motherwell, and Mark Rothko; among other major abstract expressionists were such painters as Clyfford Still, Theodoros Stamos, Adolph Gottlieb, Helen Frankenthaler, Lee Krasner, and Esteban Vicente. Abstract expressionism presented a broad range of stylistic diversity within its largely, though not exclusively, nonrepresentational framework. For example, the expressive violence and activity in paintings by de Kooning or Pollock marked the opposite end of the pole from the simple, quiescent images of Mark Rothko. Basic to most abstract expressionist painting were the attention paid to surface qualities, i.e., qualities of brushstroke and texture; the use of huge canvases; the adoption of an approach to space in which all parts of the canvas played an equally vital role in the total work; the harnessing of accidents that occurred during the process of painting; the glorification of the act of painting itself as a means of visual communication; and the attempt to transfer pure emotion directly onto the canvas. The movement had an inestimable influence on the many varieties of work that followed it, especially in the way its proponents used color and materials. Its essential energy transmitted an enduring excitement to the American art scene. Science and technology is quite a broad category, and it covers everything from studying the stars and the planets to studying molecules and viruses. Beginning with the Greeks and Hipparchus, continuing through Ptolemy, Copernicus and Galileo, and today with our work on the International Space Station, man continues to learn more and more about the heavens. From here, we look inward to biochemistry and biology. To truly understand biochemistry, scientists study and see the unseen bystudying the chemistry of biological processes. This science, along with biophysics, aims to bring a better understanding of how bodies work from how we turn food into energy to how nerve impulses transmit. Chemistry is a science that explains how salt, something on every table in the world, can be made from sodium and chlorine, two elements that are poisonous to humans. From its beginnings, when Aristotle defined the existence of the atom, to modern chemistry, which combines atomic theory and organic chemistry, this field continues to advance our lives. In technology, youll find many of the things that make life easier today. This includes medical advances like MRI machines, fuel-efficient transportation, portable computing devices, and flat screen televisions. Advances in the field of technology continue to amaze and astound. Modern computing technology is able to communicate wirelessly to the Internet and to other devices advances that have freed computers from desks and made technology and information available to more and more people. Enrico Carusos ascendancy coincided with the dawn of the twentieth century, when the world of opera was moving away from the contrivedbel canto(“beautiful singing”) style, with its emphasis on artifice and vibrato, to averismo(“realism”) approach. The warmth and sincerity of his voiceand personalityshone in this more natural style and set the standard for contemporary greats like Luciano Pavarotti, Placido Domingo, and JosCarreras. Through his exploitation of the nascent phonograph industry, Caruso is also largely responsible for the sweeping interest in opera of the 1910s and20s. And for this, Stanley Jackson wrote in his bookCaruso,he may never be rivaled, for later tenors could not hope to find themselves in a similarly fortuitous position and thus would m