110教学教案高英1.ppt

lesson 10,the trial that rocked the world,i. aims and contents of teaching:,1. comprehend and paraphrase the text, master the language points, finish all exercises after the text. 2. enlarge the vocabulary, be familiar with the style and rhetoric devices: pun, assonance, oxymoron, understatement 3. group work: presentation: the climax of the trial.,ii. pre-reading questions:,1. tell something about the author from this article. 2. what do you think of the struggles between fundamentalists and modernists? what did that show? 3. try to elaborate the views of darrow and malone and that of brans? 4. did john scopes lose or win the case? 5. what do you think is the message of the article? why was so much attention paid to this trial?,iii. background knowledge:,1. religions god: the deity, the divinity, holy one, jehovah, the lord, providence, the almighty, the creator and etc. there is only one god in heaven. but the belief in god has developed three religious sections: christianity, judaism and islam.,iii. background knowledge:,christianity: roman catholic protestant orthodox eastern church trinity: the holy father, the holy son and the holy spirit/ghost, with jesus christ as its incarnation.,iii. background knowledge:,bible : name of the christian scriptures, the old testament and the new testament. old testament: christian name for the hebrew bible, the first portion of the christian bible genesis: first book of the old testament which tells the origin of the world and of man,iii. background knowledge:,bible: new testament: the distinctive christian portion of the bible gospel: greek word for good news. the first four books of the new testament. fundamentalism: conservative religious movement. its aim is to maintain word for word interpretations of the bible. nowadays this word can apply to other religions.,iii. background knowledge:,2. american governing system a. legislature: parliament-congress and senate b. executive: the president and his administration c. judicial: the federal supreme court,iii. background knowledge:,3. civil law: 4. criminal law 5. jury 6. counselor / counsellor,vi. detailed study, paragraph 1 p166:,a buzz ran through the crowd as i took my place in the packed court on that sweltering july day in 1925. 1. buzz: a noise of a low hum, low confused whisper 2. sweltering: very hot, causing unpleasantness, torrid, sultry 10,vi. detailed study, paragraph 1 p166:,the counsel for my defence was the famous criminal lawyer clarence darrow. leading counsel for the prosecution was william jennings bryan, 3. counsel: a group of one or more lawyers (barristers) acting for someone in a court of law 4. prosecution: the act of bringing a criminal charge against sb. in a court 11,vi. detailed study, paragraph 1 p166:,bryan, the silver-tongued orator three times democratic nominee for president of the united states, and leader of the fundamentalist. 5. silver-tongued: (lit.) able to give fine persuading speeches, eloquent 6. orator: a good public speaker, a person who delivers an oration (formal and solemn public speeches) 12,vi. detailed study, paragraph 1 p166:,7. nominee: a person who has been named officially for election to a position, office, honour, etc. a nobel prize nominee / a presidential nominee bryan was a leader of the foundamentalist movement that had brought about my trial. 13,vi. detailed study, paragraph 2 p166:,now i was involved in a trial reported the world over. 9. involve: to cause sb. to become connected or concerned dont involve other people in your mistakes. translate: 不管喜欢不喜欢，我们都被牵扯进去了。 we are all involved, whether we like it or not. 14,vi. detailed study, paragraph 2 p166:,seated in court, ready to testify on my behalf, were a dozen distinguished professors and scientists, led by professor kirtley mather of harvard university. 10. testify: to make a solemn statement, esp. under oath in a court of law, of what is true 翻译：证人在法庭上作证。 the witnesses testify / give evidence in the law court. 15,vi. detailed study, paragraph 2 p166:,more than 100 reporters were on hand , 11. on hand: available, present, cf: within reach: the distance one can reach at hand: near in time or place 16,vi. detailed study, paragraph 2 p166:,always have your dictionary on hand / within reach / at hand when you study. 翻译：1. 请于12点正出席。 2. 我现在手头有很多重要工作 1. please be on hand at 12 sharp. 2. i have a great deal of important work on hand. 17,vi. detailed study, paragraph 2 p166:,darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder as we were waiting for 12. reassure: comfort and make free from fear the doctor reassured the sick man about his health. assure: try to cause to believe or trust in sth.; promise the captain assured the passengers that there was no danger. 18,vi. detailed study, paragraph 1 p167:,the case had erupted round my head not long after i arrived in dayton as science master 13. erupt: (of a volcano) to explode and pour out fire here, emerge, happen quickly, come down upon unexpectedly and violently; paraphrase: i was suddenly engulfed by the whole affair. 19,vi. detailed study, paragraph 1 p167:,the fundamentalists adhered to a literal interpretation of the old testament. 14. adhere to: to favour strongly, stick firmly to; the wallpaper wont adhere to the ceiling. they adhere to the contract. 20,vi. detailed study, paragraph 2 p167:, and the state legislature had recently passed a law prohibiting the teaching of “any theory that denies the story of creation as taught in the bible.“ 15. prohibit: to forbid, to ban to prohibit the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors forbid is more direct and familiar, while prohibit is more formal or official; 21,vi. detailed study, paragraph 4 p167:,then you have been violating the law. 16. violate: to disregard or act against sth. solemnly promised, break this is considered as a violation of the constitution. if you violate someones privacy or peace, you disturb it. 22,vi. detailed study, paragraph 6 p167:,“lets take this thing to court,“ he said, “and test the legality of it.“ 17. legality: the condition of being lawful; lawfulness the legality of this action will be decided by the court. 23,vi. detailed study, last paragraph p167:,when i was indicted on may 7, no one, least of all i, anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in u. s. history. 18. indict: to indict sb. for a crime means to charge them with it officially five men were caught at the scene and indicted. 24,vi. detailed study, last paragraph p167:,cf: accuse, charge, prosecute, blame one accuses sb. of cheating. one charges sb. with cheating. one prosecutes sb. for theft. one blames sb. for the failure. 25,vi. detailed study, last paragraph p167:,least of all: to an insignificant degree nobody need worry, you least of all/ least of all you. least of all would i lie to you. 翻译：没人感到高兴，尤其是jenny. nobody seemed amused, least of all jenny. 26,vi. detailed study, paragraph 2 p168:,the trial began on july 10, our town of 1,500 people had taken on a circus atmosphere. take on: begin to have (a particular quality, appearance, etc), assume sth. he has taken on some irritating mannerism. her eyes took on a hurt expression. 27,vi. detailed study, paragraph 2 p168:,the buildings along the main street were festooned with banners. 20. festoon: if you festoon sth. with decorations, lights or other things, you spread or hang these things over it in large numbers in order to decorate it. the garden was festooned with coloured lights. 28,vi. detailed study, paragraph 2 p168:,the streets around the three-storey red brick law court sprouted with rickety stands selling hot dogs, religious books and watermelons 21. sprout: to grow or come out, appear and spread rapidly n. new growth of a plant, shoot 翻译：豆芽， 竹笋 bean sprouts / bamboo shoots 22. rickety: weak in joints and likely to break、 29,vi. detailed study, paragraph 2 p168:,evangelists set up tents to exhort the passersby. 23. evangelist: one who preaches the gospel (good news) 24. exhort: urge earnestly or advise strongly sb. to do sth. to exhort sb. to do good / to work harder, etc. 30,vi. detailed study, paragraph 2 p168:, fundamentalists, arrived to cheer bryan against the “infidel outsiders “ among them was john butler, who had drawn up the anti-evolution law. had never been out of his native county. 25. cheer: support and encourage, shout in praise, approval or support 26. infidel: (old & derog.) (used esp. in former times by christians and muslims of each other) someone who does not follow ones own religion, unbeliever 27. draw up: to form and usu. write,vi. detailed study, paragraph 3 p168:,the judge john raul, a florid-faced man who announced: “im just a reglar mountaineer jedge.“ bryan, ageing and paunchy, tennessees brilliant young attorney-general, tom stewart. 28. florid: (of a persons face) having a red skin 29. paunchy: (derog. and humour) (esp. of a man) having a fat stomach, pot belly 30. attorney-general: chief law officer and legal expert of the government of a state 33,vi. detailed study, paragraph 2 p168:,besides theshrewd 68-year-old darrow, 31. shrewd: clever in judgement, esp. of what is to ones own advantage he is a shrewd and sometimes ruthless adversary. 翻译：一个精明老练的律师洞悉一切花招。 a shrewd lawyer who knows all the tricks 34,vi. detailed study, paragraph 2 p168:,my counsel included the handsome and magnetic dudley field malone, 43, and arthur garfield hays, quiet, scholarly and steeped in the law. 32. steep: soak, to let sth. stay in a liquid for softening, bringing out a taste etc. leave the coffee to steep for 5 minutes 35,vi. detailed study, paragraph 2 p168:,in a trial in which religion played a key role, darrow was an agnostic, malone a catholic and hays a jew. 33. agnostic: person who believes that one can only have knowledge of material things and that nothing is or can be known about god or life after death cf: atheist: person who doubts the existence of god 36,vi. detailed study, paragraph 1 p169:,of the 12 jurors, three had never read any book except the bible. one couldnt read. as my father growled “thats one hell of a jury!“ 34. growl /au/: to say sth. in a low rough and rather angry voice. the dog growled at me. 37,vi. detailed study, paragraph 2 p169:,after the preliminary sparring over legalities, darrow got up to make his opening statement. 35. preliminary: introductory, preparatory 36. spar: to box without hitting hard, argue or dispute (with sb) the children are sparring with each other. 38,vi. detailed study, paragraph 3 p168:,darrow drawled. “i know what he is here for, too. he is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant, and it is a mighty strong combination.“ 37. drawl: say slowly with vowels greatly lengthened, humorously and dramatically drawl out ones words 38. rampant: widespread and impossible to control bigotry: the state of having very strong, unreasonable attitudes and opinions,vi. detailed study, paragraph 3 p168:,it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until .。 the glorious age of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted faggots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and culture to the human mind. 39. bigot: one who obstinately or intolerantly devoted to his own opinions and prejudices, esp. religious beliefs. 41. fagot: a bundle of sticks of firewood 42. enlighten: cause to understand, 41,vi. detailed study, paragraph 3 p168:,my pupils testified, grinning shyly at me, that i had taught them evolution, but added that they had not been contamianted by the experience. 43. contaminate: to make impure, bad by mixing with dirty/ poisonous matter dont eat the food, it may have been contaminated by the flies. 42,vi. detailed study, paragraph 2 p170:,“he said man had reasoning power.“ “there is some doubt about that,“ darrow snorted . 44. snort: to make a rough noise by blowing air down the nose, to express impatience or anger by this sound we ran when the bull began to snort. snore: breathe heavily/noisily through the nose/mouth while asleep 43,vi. detailed study, paragraph 3 p170:,in one hand he brandished a biology text as he denounced the scientists who had come to dayton to testify for the defence. 46. brandish: to wave sth. threateningly stressing threat. i shall brandish my sword before them. 47. denounce: to criticise severely and publicly, announce threateningly the newspapers denounced the new taxes. 44,vi. detailed study, paragraph 4 p170:,“the bible,“ he thundered in his sonorous organ tones, “ is not going to be driven out of this court by experts who come to testify that they can reconcile evolution, with its ancestors in the jungle, with man made by god in his image and put here for his purpose as par t of a divine plan. 48. sonorous: having a pleasantly full loud sound the sonority of the bass voices 45,vi. detailed study, paragraph 4 p170:,“the bible,“ he thundered in his sonorous organ tones, “ is not going to be driven out of this court by experts who come to testify that they can reconcile evolution, with its ancestors in the jungle, with man made by god in his image and put here for his purpose as par t of a divine plan. 49. reconcile: make peace between, make friendly again i cannot reconcile the two points of view. 46,vi. detailed study, paragraph 4 p170:,“the bible,“ he thundered in his sonorous organ tones, “ is not going to be driven out of this court by experts who come to testify that they can reconcile evolution, with its ancestors in the jungle, with man made by god in his image and put here for his purpose as par t of a divine plan. 50. jungle: tropical forest too thick to walk through easily. 51. image: likeliness, form, copy 52. divine: of, related to, or being god or a god 47,vi. detailed study, paragraph 5 p170:,as he finished, jaw out-thrust, eyes flashing, the audience burst into applause and shouts of “amen“. 53. thrust: to push forcefully and suddenly, to make a sudden forward stroke with a sword, knife, etc. he thrust the fork into the meat. 54. applause: n. applaud: v. everyone stood up to applaud. 48,vi. detailed study, paragraph 5 p170:,gone was the fierce fervour of the days when bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire. 55. fervour: passion, zeal, enthusiasm, intense heat speak with great fervour fervent: showing strong and warm feelings, hot, passionate a fervent love / hatred 49,vi. detailed study, paragraph 5 p170:,56. arena: an area of land or a large room where sports, entertainment and public events take place. the city built a new sports arena. after world ii japan entered the arena of international trade. 57. prairie: (in north america) a wild treeless grassy plain. 50,vi. detailed study, paragraph 5 p170:,the crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with the hot breath of his oratory as he should have. 58. scorch: to burn (part of ) a surface so as to change its colour, taste the hot iron scorched the tablecloth. a scorched-earth policy the hot weather scorched the grass. 51,vi. detailed study, last paragraph p170:,malone popped up to reply. “mr. bryan is not the only one who has the right to speak for the bible, he observed. “mr. bryan, with passionate spirit and enthusiasm, has given most of his life to politics.“ 59. observe: to make a remark, to say, to comment 60. passion: strong, often uncontrollable feeling he expressed his burning passion for the woman he loved. passionate: filled with passion, eager 52,vi. detailed study, paragraph 1 p171:,he appealed for intellectual freedom, and accused bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion. 63. appeal: 1) to make a strong request for help, support, mercy; beg he appealed to me for help. 2) v. please, attract, interest peking opera is too old-fashioned to appeal to people any longer. 53,vi. detailed study, paragraph 1 p171:,64. intellect, intellectual, intelligence, intelligent intellect: the ability to understand or deal with ideas and information, the ability to reason rather than to feel or act. intellectual: adj. concerning the intellect, able to show unusual reasoning powers n. a person who works and lives by using his mind. 54,vi. detailed study, paragraph 1 p171:,intelligence: a. ability to learn and understand quickly b. information gathered by the government or the army about their countrys enemies and their activities. 翻译：智商： intelligence quotient (iq) intelligent: having or showing powers of reasoning or understanding. 55,vi. detailed study, paragraph 1 p171:,an intellectual or intellectual person is one who has developed his brain and is highly educated. one can be very intelligent / have great intelligence, without knowing much. a small child with a clever quick mind is intelligent but he can hardly be an intellectual. 翻译：知识分子 56,vi. detailed study, paragraph 1 p171:,65. duel: unlawful fight between two persons who have quarrelled, usu. with swords or pistols, at a meeting arranged and conducted according to rules, in the presence of two other persons called seconds. 57,vi. detailed study, paragraph 2 p171:,“there is never a duel with the truth,“ he roared. “the truth is eternal, immortal and needs no human agency to support it! “ 66. agency: truth does not need any human influence to support it. 67. mortal: n. a human being as compared with a god, a spirit, etc. all human beings are mortal. adj. causing death; fatal a mortal wound, enenmy, hatred, 58,vi. detailed study, paragraph 3 p171:,when malone finished there was a momentary hush. then the court broke into a storm of applause that surpassed that for bryan. but although malone had won the oratorical duel with bryan, the judge ruled against permitting the