2018年高考英语一轮复习每日一题第21周阅读理解词义猜测题含解析.docx

阅读理解词义猜测题高考频度： 难易程度：1. （2017浙江卷）Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camels hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged （蓬乱）. His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The cats lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamins cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamins drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings（版画） by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamins parents if he might take the boy to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(风景) painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said,Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.21. What is the text mainly about?A. Benjamins visit to Philadelphia.B. Williams influence on Benjamin.C. The beginning of Benjamins life as an artist.D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.【文章大意】本文属于记叙文，主要讲了美国绘画之父Benjamin在决定要成为一名画家之前的经历。21. 2.A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common. After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world, and the baby is, well, just playing.right? Perhaps, but some developmental psychologists (心理学家)have argued that this play is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge, it falls to the ground and, in the process, it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact(相互作用):bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the babys investigation and the scientists experiment appear to share the same aim (to learn about the natural world), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesnt like Dove chocolate.Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.53. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. The world may be more clearly explained through childrens play.B. Studying babiesplay may lead to a better understanding of science.C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.D. Ones drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有共同之处。53. 【参考答案】B 【巧学妙记】规律方法一、如何概括文章大意？1. 做概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心思想往往是每段主题句的综合。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意。2. 在选择答案时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。规律方法二、如何总结段落大意？段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想会在首句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。主题句具有鲜明的概括性，句子结构简单，段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表达的主题思想。主题句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有时作者没有写出明显的主题句，要学会根据段落内容去概括主题句。You get on an almost-empty bus, but the next passenger decides to ignore all the empty seats to sit right next to you. While you are waiting in line at the supermarket, the next customer stands just behind you shouting into his phone.These are attacks of the personal space invaders(侵略者). Though preferences for personal space differ from culture to culture, we Britons do love our independence and personal space.As the British customs website Debrett has said, as a British person, somebody standing too close may make you focus less on what somebody is saying than on how close they are to you. Simple acts like putting an arm around someone you dont know that well may seem friendly in China, but they can make us very uncomfortable. The website explains: The British are not back slappers (拍打者) or touchers and generally do not show affection (喜欢) in public.Being a British person around people from other countries can therefore be full of problems. People from many European countries such as France and Spain kiss each other on the cheek when they meet, yet to us this seems too friendly and touchy-feely.Simple matters like how close others stand can be problems to Britons who want to keep their own personal space. Giving advice on how to behave around a British person, Debretts says that if you can feel the warmth of their worried breath upon your face, then youre standing too close.So, are British people unfriendly? No. The website explains that we are not as indifferent as we may seem, but very friendly and helpful to foreigners. However, we do have different ideas about our own space to many people from other countries. Just let us know if youre going to come any closer than arms length, and youll be fine! 1. What is the article mainly about?A.How to make friends with British people.B.Some tips on British table manners.C.Ways in which British people show affection.D.British