外文翻译--智能竞赛抢答器.doc

附件1：外文资料翻译译文 智能竞赛抢答器1.介绍无线电发射设备都工作在无线电频率，因此对设备的要求较高，一般都是在非常困难的生产和检验工作的条件下完成的，而目前的无线技术的应用越来越广泛，特别是对于无线电爱好者多项业务来说，为了使所有的高频检测设备达到标准几乎是不现实的，因为设备非常昂贵。针对这些实际情况，有许多专业生产无线数据传输的无线收发模块，专业的完成了所有高频部分的生产和调试工作，用户只需提供电源和要发送的编码数据，接收器可以输出的数据要以发送的原始数据为目的，也可以作为无线电技术的应用推广。从应用的角度来看目前的无线收发模块，可分为两大类： AM和FM收发器模块和收发器模块。在无线广播，电视，通信，遥控，遥测和其他设备或系统中，除了使用调幅（AM ） ，还广泛用于频率调制（FM）。 调制的以下两个主要性能比较：1. 抗干扰能力 调频的主要优点是其具有强大的抗干扰性能。所谓的抗干扰性，主要是指输入信号的噪声比在相同条件下（信噪比简称S / N）比其他的设备要低 。电源频率分量的调频波与载体分离出来的力量相差不大。 MFM调制系数越大，不仅它的边缘系数更加频繁，而且增加的速度越快，这意味着在电力载波频率为动力的情况下，AM频率波功率越大，则边缘系数越大。而最大运营商唯一动力相当于一半（当调制指数MAM = 1时）。因此，对比AM和FM波可具有侧功率更大的频率，这意味着它能够更好地克服内置的信道和噪声带来的干扰。其次，可以从调解和分析之间的比较接收信号。 AM信号作为所述信息的结果已被列入调幅信号的幅度（振幅调制信号和振幅成正比）。包络检测器的呼叫（也称为幅度解调）溶液不能抑制寄生调幅干扰以及信息对包含在高频振荡的FM信号的干扰，因此用引起的寄生限幅器（或在增加频率鉴别器的比例有限的作用）来除去干扰。因此，无论从所接收的信号功率还是解调器的分析发射频率信号的余量，都能说明调频系统比调幅系统的抗干扰性能更好。2. 占用带宽 因为调频系统作为宽带频率占用带宽的结果，所以调频只适合通过FM频带（30Hz的-30GHz的）来使用。对于中，长波频段（MW:1000-100M，长波10-1公里），则需要使用AM或SSB调制的。3. 转换能力 通过用调制信号为调频波，其平均功率等于最大功率瞬时FM载波频率的变化值，FM发射系统;和AM发射机系统是利用AM信号来启动的，此时MAM= 1的最大发射功率等于平均功率（载波功率）的4倍。如果AM发射器和FM发射器处引入的相同类型的电源管的结束时，根据最大功率估计，该FM发射器发射功率调幅发射机将需要焙烧4倍的平均功率。4.调幅发射机功率放大器要求严格 发射波的振幅是变化的，这就需要将变焦的反向控制一个更高的电压，需要采用管的更高的击穿电压，就能容易地刺穿管的振幅调制信号。因为FM发射器是在该幅度，所以不易被刺穿。5. 生产成本比较 FM系列生产的测试设备是一个复杂的过程，所以需要测试配备综参议，因为屏蔽室生产的检测设备相当昂贵，所以检测设备直接决定了性能的稳定性，除此之外还需要专业技能符合需求的工人。 AM的生产设备相比较容易的多，因此该阈值用于生产调频产品是比生产调幅产品要高得多，因此，处于上述的原因产生了一倍以上的成本之间的差额。调幅收发组件，虽然它的成本较高，但是产生了更多的方便，所以在当前广泛使用的形式之下是性价比不太高的，使用这种模式，本文还重点推出这个模块无线发射模块 。DF数据发射频率为315M ，采用SAW谐振器的稳定频率，具有高频率的稳定性，在-25 85度之间变化，仅仅为3ppm / 的频率漂移，在这之间的环境温度下特别适用于多个无线重新集合mote的控制和数据传输系统。表示滤波的晶体谐振器的频率稳定度，而一般的LC振荡器的频率稳定度和一致性较差，即使再高品质的微调电容，在温度变化和振动已被转移的情况之下，它也很难保证将产生良好的频率点迁移。DF不具有代码以启动模块的集成电路，所以增加了一个数据调制三极管Q1 ，这种结构可以很容易制成，由其它固定编码电路，滚动码和单片机接口电路组成，而不必考虑编码电路的电压和信号的大小，以此范围内的输出值的工作。例如，使用PT2262或者SM5262匹配电路，例如编码，数据直接到其前17引脚输出然后输出到DF数据输入模块。DF数据模块具有较宽的工作电压范围，为3 12V，当前发射频率上的电压的变化基本上是相同的，并且接收器模块支持任何需要调整的发射器模块才能够接收稳定。当3V，约20 50米，发送功率变小，打开传输距离的点火电压时， 5V的电压为约100 200米，当9V的电压大约为300500米，当烧成时电压12V为最佳工作电压，以推出更好的结果。当电压和功率的增加大于l2V的，有效辐射功率没有明显的改善。不同的电路参数，具有不同的传输功率和传输距离，为了获得更好的效果，必须被连接到一个天线上，选择最佳的天线导线通常为25厘米长，最长距离的传输是可以设置的，因为无线电信号传输时是受多种因素的影响，所以从标称只有一半或更少实用距离时，需要开发来观察。 DF数据模块采用ASK调制模式，以降低功耗，当数据信号停止时发射电流为零，该数据信号发送器和DF的输入电阻可以使用或可以不直接连接到电容耦合，也有肯能DF模块不能够正常开展工作。数据DF级别的数据应该是为了获得更高的调制效果接近实际工作电压的模块。 DF安装在主板的边缘最好，或者垂直发射模块应围绕设备超过5mm从参数的分布的影响来看就小多了。 DF模块的传输距离与信号的频率和幅度调制通常受点火电压和电池容量，发射天线，接收机灵敏度，发送和接收环境等因素影响。一般在约800米的距离开始触发最大发射，有时也会在有障碍物的情况下，距离会缩短，由于折射和反射的过程中无线电信号传输将形成一批死亡和不稳定的地区，不同的收发器环境将来自不同的环境。用户必须注意的是，在使用有这种程序的应用模块时，曾出现过这样的情况，在这里告知大家，希望大家能够在这方面有一定启用户参考应用的意识： （ 很多厂商都作出同样的标志，或在实际使用特定的测试环境）我们棋牌室的无线呼叫系统的设计，采用了发射模块的1500米我们只在一个开放此模块有仅有500米的条件下才能正常接收试验，并且远离室内就不能接收了，约30米的实际距离左右效果最好，环境如下： 层高2.6米全部发射装置安装在一个封闭的盒子里。为了实现可靠的函数调用，我们增加了信号放大中继器的效果后实现的功能和中继器相同，这里所说的是我们的网站，介绍高功率无线信号中继器。上面的例子说明，无线设备的发送和接收有更好的传输性能，而且会大大降低衍射的性能。1. 超级可再生选择接收器 超级可再生检波电路实际上是一个由高频振荡器构成，采用电容三点式振荡器，振荡频率和火线的发射频率的高频振荡器间歇振荡控制的电路。而间歇振荡是在通过的过程中，这反过来又控制着高频振荡器和间歇振荡产生高频振荡的振荡。间歇振荡频率由电路（通常一百到几百千赫）的参数确定。选用的低频，并且该电路具有更好的抗干扰性能，但是的接收灵敏度较低，与此相反，选用高频时，有较好的接收灵敏度，但抗干扰性能变差。再生检测电路具有高增益，没有控制信号的接收，由于从热电路本身之外的干扰和干扰的杂散信号，产生一种独特的噪声，称为超噪声，噪声的频率范围为0.3 5kHz的，声音之间像水般的“耳语”的声音。在没有信号的，超高层的噪音时，通过滤波器的输出噪声电压放大，当控制信号到达时，电路谐振，超噪声被抑制，开始生产高频振荡器振荡，输出信号。高层次的电路元件可再生相关的检测器电路，通过缩放级别来处理运算放大器的输出信号输出到无线接收器来检测信号。2. 超外差接收机解调接收器 超外差接收机电路和超外差收音机具有相同的工作原理。接收到的信号将被放大，并产生递减的本地振荡信号的振幅，产生一个固定频率的中频信号，该中频信号中包含的低频幅度调制控制信号提供给中频信号，以此得到两个或三个级放大，检波然后，包含取出的指令将在正确的远程控制信号之下转变为低频信息或中频信号。由于中频放大器具有自动增益控制环路，因此可以设计出非常高性能的增益和调节工作电路，使两者超外差接收器的信号增强或减弱，能做到基本相同的放大倍数，而且还因为使用了IF放大器的，其信号可以达到一个大的放大率，它会使电路接收机的灵敏度大大提高，通常为至多约度0.1mV ，并且检测器电路超级再生相比超外差接收器模块接收器的灵敏度上，或选择性方面有很大的提高或减除更多的干扰。附件2：外文原文（复印件） Intellectual Competition Quiz Machine1. Introduction Radio transmitter devices are working in the radio frequency, so the requirements of the device is higher, the general time it is very difficult to complete under the conditions of production and testing work, and at present the application of radio technology for more and more widely, especially for radio enthusiasts to a number of business that, in order to have all the high-frequency testing equipment is almost unrealistic, because the equipment is very expensive. In response to these actual circumstances, with many professional manufacturer specializing in wireless data transmission for the wireless transceiver modules, will be high-frequency part of the work of installation and commissioning of all production sites in the professional completed, the user just to provide power and to be sent encoded data, the receiver can output data to be sent end of the original data, it can be the application of radio technology to promote. From the current radio transceiver module of the application point of view, can be divided into two categories: AM and FM transceiver module and transceiver modules。 In the wireless radio, television, communications, remote control, telemetry and other devices or systems, in addition to the use of amplitude modulation (AM), but also widely used in frequency modulation ( FM). The following two main properties of modulation compared：1. Anti-interference capacityThe main advantage of FM is its strong anti-interference performance. The so-called anti-interference, and mainly refers to the input signal-noise ratio (SNR referred to as S / N) under the same conditions, the FM receiver output signal to noise ratio large AM receiver in the output signal to noise ratio. FM than AM and strong anti-interference system can be two reasons for the launch signal power system size for analysis. FM wave edge of the power frequency component is separated from the carrier out of power. MFM modulation coefficient the greater the number of its edges is not only more frequent, and the rate of increase, which means that power in the carrier frequency into power while the proportion of large, and the AM frequency wave power while the largest carrier only power equivalent to half (when the modulation Index MAM = 1 pm). Therefore, Bobby AM and FM wave can have a greater frequency of side power, which means that it is better able to overcome the built-in channel or the noise and interference. Secondly, can receive signals from the comparison between mediation and analysis. AM signal as a result of the information has been included in the amplitude of AM signal (amplitude modulation signal and the amplitude is proportional to), solution of the envelope detector calls (also called amplitude demodulation) can not suppress parasitic AM interference; and information on the FM signal included in the high-frequency oscillations change the instantaneous frequency, the interference caused by the parasitic amplitude limiter (or with a limited role in the proportion of increase frequency discriminator) removed. Therefore, regardless of the margin from the launch frequency signal from the received signal power or the analysis of the demodulator, the FM systems are better than the anti-jamming performance of the system AM.2. Occupied bandwidthFM systems as a result of broadband frequency occupied bandwidth, FM is only suitable for over FM band (30Hz-30GHz) use. For the medium and long-wave band (MW:1000-100m, long-wave 10-1 km), while the use of AM or SSB Modulation.3. Transmitter powerFM transmitter system launched by the instantaneous FM carrier frequency changes with the modulation signal for the FM wave-wave, and its average power equal to the maximum power; and AM transmitter system is the AM signal to launch, when the MAM = 1 when the largest transmission power equal to average power (carrier power) 4 times. If the AM transmitter and FM transmitter at the end of the introduction of the same type of power tubes, according to the maximum power is estimated that the FM transmitter emits power AM transmitter is fired 4 times the average power.4. AM transmitter power amplifier for the demanding pipe Launched wave amplitude is the amplitude modulation signal with the change, which the reverse of the zoom control a higher voltage, should adopt a higher breakdown voltage of the tube, or easily puncture the tube. And FM transmitter is the amplitude in the state, the tube can not easily be puncture.5. Comparison of production costs FM series production of its testing device is a complex process, so the need for testing is equipped with fully mechanized Senate, shielding room of the production of expensive testing equipment, testing equipment directly determine the stability of performance, but also the needs of professional skilled workers. AM production devices are relatively easy to many, so the threshold for the production of FM products is much higher than the production of AM products, therefore the difference between the cost of production more than doubled. Above both the performance and cost, the users of the two cases must be understood that the current widely used form of the AM transceiver components, because of its higher cost and at the same time more convenient for production, so request is not too high on some occasions, the use of this model, this paper also focused on the introduction of this module.Wireless Transmitter Module DF data transmitter frequency for 315M, the use of SAW resonator frequency stabilization, high frequency stability, when the environmental temperature between -25 +85 degree changes, the frequency drift of only 3ppm / c Particularly suitable for a collection of multiple wireless re mote control and data transmission system. SAW resonator frequency stability after the crystal, and general LC oscillator frequency stability and consistency of poor, even with high-quality fine-tuning capacitance, temperature changes and vibration has been transferred it is difficult to ensure good frequency point migration will occur. DF does not have code to launch module integrated circuits, and an increase of a data modulation transistor Q1, such a structure can be easily made it, and other fixed coding circuit, a rolling code and single-chip interface circuits, without having to consider the work of coding circuit voltage and output value of the size range of the signal. For example, using PT2262 or SM5262 matching circuits, such as coding, the data directly to the output of their first 17 feet then to DF data input module. DF data module has a wide operating voltage range 3 12V, when the voltage changes in firing frequency is essentially the same, and the transmitter module of the receiver module supporting the need for any adjustment will be able to receive stable. When the firing voltage of 3V, the open transmission distance to about 20 50 meters, less transmission power, when the voltage of 5V is about 100 200 meters, when the voltage of 9V is about 300 500 meters, when fired when the voltage of 12V for optimum operating voltage, with the launch of better results. When the voltage and the power increase is greater than l2V, effective radiated power not markedly improved. Different circuit parameters, have different transmission power and transmitting distance, the launch in order to obtain better results, must be connected to an antenna, choose the best antenna wire 25 centimeters long, the best long-distance transmission can be erected, because the radio When signal transmission is affected by a number of factors, so the general practical distance from the nominal only half or even less, this point needs to be developed to observe. DF data module using ASK modulation mode to reduce power consumption, when the data signals to stop when the emission current zero, the data signal transmitter and DF input resistance can be used or can not be directly connected to capacitive coupling, or DF module will not be able to launch normal work. Data DF-level data should be close to the actual operating voltage modules in order to obtain the effect of higher modulation. DF preferably vertical launch modules mounted on the edge of the motherboard should be left around the device more than 5mm to the impact from the distribution of parameters. DF module transmission distance and signal frequency and amplitude modulation, firing voltage and battery capacity, transmitting antenna, receiver sensitivity, send and receive environment. Generally the largest launch in the open distance of about 800 meters, there are obstacles in the circumstances, the distance will be shortened, due to radio signal transmission in the process of refraction and reflection will form a number of death and instability in the region, different transceiver environment will have different from the transceiver. This is the users must pay attention to, and the author of such modules in the use of application, there had been such a situation, where he was introduced to everyone, hope that they will be applied in this regard to a certain Kai User reference: We Card Room for the design of a wireless call system, uses the 1500 meters of the launch module (many manufacturers are making the same logo, or when the actual use of specific test environment.) This module of our Department in an open have experimented with in the 500 meters to the normal reception, but the use of here, away from the room after 5 can not receive, the actual distance of about 30 meters or so, the environment as follows: floor height of 2.6 meters, all the launch devices are installed in a closed box package. In order to achieve reliable function call, we increased the levels for signal amplification repeater after the realization of functions and the repeater are talking about here is our web site to introduce high-power wireless signal repeater. The above examples illustrate, the wireless device to send and receive a straight line better transmission performance, and performance will greatly reduce the diffraction.Wireless Receiver Module1 super renewable detector receiver Super Renewable detector circuit is actually a by intermittent oscillation control of high-frequency oscillator, the high-frequency oscillator using three-point capacitance oscillator, oscillation frequency and the transmitter frequency of the firing line. And intermittent oscillation is the oscillation in the high-frequency oscillations generated by the process, which in turn controls the high-frequency oscillator and intermittent oscillations. And intermittent oscillation frequency is determined by the parameters of the circuit (usually a hundred to a few hundred kHz). The low frequency of elections, and better anti-interference performance of the circuit, but the lower receiver sensitivity, on the contrary, the high frequency of elections, a better receiver sensitivity, but the anti-interference performance variation. Renewable detection circuit has high gain, in the absence of control signals received, due to spurious signals from outside interference and disturbance of thermal circuit itself, produce a unique noise, called ultra-noise, the noise frequency range for between 0.3 5kHz, sounds like a water-like whisper sound. In the a