学术英语(社科)-Unit-3含答案.ppt

学术英语 社科 Academic English for Social Sciences 3 Unemployment Unemployment has been a serious global social issue in recent years. Both politicians and economists are making great efforts to find ways to reduce the unemployment rate, though the result is not always satisfactory. The texts in this unit may give you some insights into this issue. Unit 3 Unemployment Unit Contents Text A Text B Text C Listening Speaking Writing Lead-in Lead-in Lead-in task Unit 3 Unemployment Lead-in Task 1 Watch a video clip and complete the following sentences according to the information you have heard. Unit 3 Unemployment 1 Eric, president of CollegeClickTV.com, is invited to give college grads _. 2 College grads of this generation have _ which is an advantage that not everybody has. tips of finding a job incredible talents Lead-in Unit 3 Unemployment 3 College grads who have _ or _ are more likely to find jobs. 4 College grads can apply to graduate school right now for _ and higher education, in order to ride out this recession and this extremely _. 5 Knowledge is power and education will always _. Now watch it again and check your answers. working experience do Internships a professional degree weak job market pay off in a long-term Text A Critical reading and thinking Difficult sentences English language for academic purpose Specialized vocabulary Collocations Signpost language Formal English Unit 3 Unemployment Text A Critical reading and thinking of Text A Unit 3 Unemployment Text Analysis Read Text A and answer the following questions. 1 Why can losing a job be the most distressing economic event in a persons life? Because people rely on their labor earnings to maintain their standard of living, get income and get a sense of personal accomplishment. Text A Critical reading and thinking of Text A Unit 3 Unemployment Text Analysis 2 What happens to a country when it keeps its workers as fully employed as possible? 3 What are the two categories of the unemployment problem? The result of it is achieving a higher level of GDP. They are long-run problem and short-run problem. Text A Critical reading and thinking of Text A Unit 3 Unemployment Text Analysis We can consider whether unemployment is a short -term or long-term condition. Long-term means it is a big problem; short-term means it is not a big problem. 5 What does sectoral shift (结构性变化) mean? Sectoral shift means the change in the composition of demand among industries or regions. 4 How can we judge how serious the problem of unemployment is? Text A Critical reading and thinking of Text A Unit 3 Unemployment Text Analysis 6 What ways can be used to facilitate job search? There are many ways to facilitate job search, for example, government program, government-run employment agencies, public training programs, newspaper ads, Internet job sites, university placement offices, headhunters and word of mouth. Text A Critical reading and thinking of Text A Unit 3 Unemployment Text Analysis 7 Do you have suggestions that may help the government tackle the problem of unemployment? Then Do Task 1 and Task 4 on Page 50 and 51. Text A Difficult sentences Unit 3 Unemployment It is not surprising, therefore, that politicians campaigning for office often speak about how their proposed policies will help create jobs. (Para. 1) “Office” in this sentence means a position in a large and powerful organization, especially a government. It can be used in phrases “run for office (try to be elected)” or “take office (begin to work in a position)”. Text A Difficult sentences Unit 3 Unemployment Even if some frictional unemployment is inevitable, the precise amount is not. (Para. 9) Even if we cannot avoid frictional unemployment, we can affect the extent of frictional unemployment. Specialized vocabulary natural rate of unemployment GDP cyclical unemployment sectoral shift Text A English language for academic purpose Unit 3 Unemployment 自然失业率 国内生产总值 周期性失业 结构性变化 Collocations Text A English language for academic purpose maintain standards of living a sense of personal accomplishment reduce self-esteem campaign for office stand idle ups and downs job vacancies cut back on production and employment facilitate job search give out information Unit 3 Unemployment Signpost language Comparison: Similarly; likewise; both; same; resemble; parallels; in the same manner Contrast: on the other hand; in / by contrast; however; while; whereas; nevertheless; different; instead (of); conversely; rather than Text A English language for academic purpose Unit 3 Unemployment Comparison and contrast signals _others do better in yet other areas. 8 You want to help your kids as much as you can, but _, youve got to be careful to help them learn on their own. resembles different from while on the other hand Text B Lead in Critical reading Difficult sentences English language for academic purpose Unit 3 Unemployment Text B Unit 3 Unemployment Understanding argument Understanding argument is an important skill for critical reading. Text B of this unit offers a chance to develop this aspect of critical reading. The author presents the two sides of the argument. Lead-in Text B Text analysis Structure of Text B Unit 3 Unemployment Lead-in Debate topic Pros argumentCons argument: Supporting details Supporting details Text B Critical reading：questions for discussion Unit 3 Unemployment Discuss the following question: Why unemployment rate is so high? Text B Unit 3 Unemployment Some economists argument: There are jobs there, just not the right candidates to fill them Supporting details: structural unemployment; mismatch (skills uncertainty about future regulations; Critical reading: questions for discussion Text B Unit 3 Unemployment Most peoples argument: employers arent hiring enough workers Supporting details: depressed demand is hurting business; structural unemployment is minor side; no unique imbalance between skills the driving factor is the huge drop in demand Critical reading：questions for discussion Text B Unit 3 Unemployment The authors attitude: Although the writer seems to be objectively presenting the two sides of the argument, the way he presents the arguments of the two sides and the way he ends the article indicate that he is more in favor of the argument that the unemployment situation in the US is not just structural unemployment. Critical reading: questions for discussion Text B Difficult sentences Unit 3 Unemployment The bigger issue is mismatch. (Para. 3) What is more important is the mismatch between job vacancies and qualified workers for the jobs. Text B Difficult sentences Unit 3 Unemployment Only 22% said they could find few or no qualified job applicants, about half the level reported before the recession. (Para. 13) It was hard for 22% of small businesses to find qualified job applicants. In contrast more than 40% of small business could not find qualified job applicants before the recession. Text B Difficult sentences Unit 3 Unemployment While the housing crisis is keeping people in place, Shierholz doubts that a lack of mobility is the problem. (Para. 14) Although the housing crisis is limiting peoples freedom to move in order to search job opportunities, Shierholz does not think this is the main cause of the problem of unemployment. Text B Difficult sentences Unit 3 Unemployment . they just arent big enough to swallow up the swells of unemployed job seekers. (Para. 15) the states just arent big enough to absorb so many unemployed job seekers. Text B Difficult sentences Unit 3 Unemployment “The thing youd expect to see with even isolated labor shortages would be low unemployment, high job growth, and wage increases,” she said. “We are not seeing that” (Para. 21) Labours shortage normally bring with them low unemployment, high job growth, and wage increases, but that is not what is happening now. Specialized vocabulary structural unemployment labor market underwater houseowner unemployment benefit housing bubble Text B English language for academic purpose Unit 3 Unemployment 结构性失业 劳动力市场 “溺水屋”屋主 失业救济 房地产泡沫 Collocations Text B English language for academic purpose a rising tide of prominent economists worsening imbalance in search of depressed demand at best, at worst fix the economy qualified job applicants Unit 3 Unemployment Collocations Text B English language for academic purpose a lack of mobility housing crisis swallow up the bursting of the housing bubble at the peak of the housing boom a tight supply of job candidates pick up Unit 3 Unemployment Text B Critical reading and thinking Unit 3 Unemployment Task 1 The tree diagram below illustrates the main points of the text. Complete it according to the text. Suggested answers Debate topic: _ Why unemployment is so high? Argument by some economists: _ _ Argument by most people: _ Supporting details: (2) _ Supporting details: (1) _ There are jobs out there, just not the right candidates to fill them. Employers just arent hiring enough. Text B Critical reading and thinking Unit 3 Unemployment Suggested answers (1) The culprit is so-called structural unemployment a serious imbalance in labor markets that has left a large pool of unemployed workers in the wrong place, or with the wrong skills, to take advantage of job opportunities. The kinds of skills the unemployed have and the locations where they live are not particularly good matches with available jobs, Uncertainty about future regulations and taxes and longer-term unemployment benefits can make unemployed job seekers less willing to take jobs at low wages. (2) Depressed demand is hurting businesses and causing them to cut back on staff, so there arent enough jobs to go around. Structural unemployment is, at best, a minor side issue. There is no unique imbalance between skills and available jobs. The huge drop in demand is the driving factor. Supporting details Text B Critical reading and thinking Unit 3 Unemployment Suggested answers Task 2 Work in pairs and discuss the following questions. 1 What is the authors purpose in writing this article? 2 What is the authors attitude toward the high rate of unemployment? Does he support Kocherlakotas argument or the opposing sides idea? Use examples to illustrate your point. The writer seems to be objectively reporting the two sides of the argument. The way he presents it however indicates that he supports the opposing sides idea. He first presents Kocherlakotas arguments, then draws on other peoples analysis to rebut Kocherlakotas arguments in great detail. The ending of the article also highlights the argument of the opposing side. Text B Critical reading and thinking Unit 3 Unemployment Suggested answers Researching Work in groups of 4-5. Visit the website of the National Bureau of Statistics of China and conduct a survey about the current unemployment situation in China. 1 Find out the unemployment rates of recent two years. 2 Compare the statistics and find the differences. 3 Think about the possible reasons and solutions. 4 Analyze your findings and make a presentation to the class. Text C Critical reading Unit 3 Unemployment Text C Complete the following table about the different measures of the total income of a country. Unit 3 Unemployment MeasureCategories of income includedCategories of income excluded GDP GNP NNP National income Suggested answers the total value of all goods and services produced in a country, in one year income received from abroad the total income earned by a nations permanent residents or nationals regardless of where they earn it income that foreigners earn in your country the total income of a nations residents (GNP) losses from depreciation the total income earned by a nations residents in the production of goods and services indirect business taxes (such as sales taxes) Listening Note-taking forms Listening tasks Unit 3 Unemployment Listening: Note-taking forms (See Page 61) Listening Academic activities Note-taking strategies: Write only the key words. You dont need complete sentences. Use abbreviations (short forms) and symbols when possible. Unit 3 Unemployment Signals for important information Listening Dont forget that . . . Let me stress that . . . It is important to note / remember that . . . You need to remember that . . . Unit 3 Unemployment Signals to Stop Taking Notes Listening You can find this in your handout . . . This wont be on your test . . . You dont have to write all this down . . . This information is in your book . . . Unit 3 Unemployment Listening Task 1 Listen to a lecture twice about the benefits of beauty. Complete the following notes according to what you have heard. Pay attention to the form it uses. Unit 3 Unemployment Listening tasks 1 What are the findings of the study conducted by Hamermesh and Biddle? 1.1 Hamermesh and Biddle found that _. 1.2 People who are deemed to be more attractive than average _. 1.3 People of average looks _ _. 1.4 Similar results were found for men and women. beauty pays earn 5 percent more than people of average looks considered less attractive than average earn 5 to 10 percent more than people Listening Unit 3 Unemployment Listening tasks 2What explains these differences in wages? Interpretations: 2.1 _ _. 2.2 _. 2.3 _. productivity and wages Good looks are themselves a type of innate ability determining Reported beauty is an indirect measure of other types of ability The beauty premium is a type of discrimination Listening Task 2 Listen to the lecture again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Unit 3 Unemployment Listening tasks 1 It can be implied from the lecture that the actor Brad Pitt doesnt have a large income. 2 Labor economists Daniel Hamermesh and Jeff Biddle published their study in the American Economic Review. 3 The interviewers were asked to rate each respondents educational background. 4 Hamermesh and Biddle only examined how much the wages of the respondents depended on physical appearance. F F F T Speaking Unit 3 Unemployment Making an argument Making an argument Speaking An argument consists of two parts: a thesis statement or claim; evidence that supports the claim. (See Text B of this unit) Some expressions used in making arguments: Unit 3 Unemployment (1) Expressing opinions: It would seem to me that As far as I am able to judge, My belief/interpretation is From what understand (2) Providing evidence: As evidenced in A good case in point is An example can be seen Consider the case of Speaking Task According to the findings of the Chinas Sixth Population Census, aging issue is getting more and more serious. The aged population have become a heavy burden of the national economy. To solve this problem, some argue that a two-child policy should be implemented while others maintain that the one-child policy should remain unaltered. Hold a debate about the issue. Unit 3 Unemployment Mock debate 1 Work in groups of 4 or 6. Divide the group into two teams and each takes one side of the argument. 2 Search the Internet for related facts and statistics after class. 3 Prepare your arguments and supporting facts by brainstorming together. 4 Carry out the debate in class. You may refer to