2017_2018学年高中英语大题精做03Unit3Computers含解析新人教版.docx

Unit 3 ComputersI. 阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Passage 1体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文DriveLAB帮助老年司机可以继续自己开车3346分钟(2017新课标全国卷III)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named DriveLAB in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems. For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. Were looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.32. What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?A. To explore new means of transport.B. To design new types of cars.C. To find out older drivers problems.D. To teach people traffic rules.33. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A. It keeps them independent.B. It helps them save time.C. It builds up their strength.D. It cures their mental illnesses.34. What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?A. Improve their driving skills.B. Develop driver-assist technologies.C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.D. Organize regular physical checkups.35. What is the best title for the text?A. A new Model Electric CarB. A Solution to Traffic ProblemsC. Driving Services for EldersD. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road【答案】【语篇解读】为了了解老年司机所面临的问题，科研人员研制出DriveLAB，目的是能够帮助他们延长驾龄，从而保持积极、健康生活方式。33. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中 Phil Blythe所说的.driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others可知，在Phil Blythe看来，能够开车是老年人能够保持独立生活和自由外出的重要条件。34. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后三段的内容可知，研究人员希望能够通过研制一些司机辅助技术来帮助老年司机延长驾龄、享受更多的独立生活。 35. D 【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科研人员通过把电动车改装成一款 DriveLAB来研究如何帮助解决老年司机在开车时候遇到的问题，以便延长他们独立生活的时间，提高他们的生活质量。Passage 2体裁话题词数难度建议时间书信在线学习3476分钟(2016北京)December 15, 2014Dear Alfred, I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150+ at 17, Im anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADHD(注意力缺陷多动障碍). Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. Moreover, I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.While I was exploring my curiosity, my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school, but couldnt. So, I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center.Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently, Im learning your Probability course. I have hundreds of printer paper, covered in self-written notes from your videos. This has given me a purpose.Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public, I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. Luckily, I discovered the job Data Analyst this month and have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.Thank you. Youve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because Im doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.This is why youre saving my life.Yours,Tanis56. Why didnt Tanis go to college after high school?A. She had learned enough about computer science.B. She had more difficulty keeping focused.C. She preferred taking online courses.D. She was too slow to learn.57. As for the working environment, Tanis prefers _.A. working by herselfB. dealing with the publicC. competing against otherD. staying with ADHD students58. Tanis wrote this letter in order to _.A. explain why she was interested in the computerB. share the ideas she had for her profession C. show how grateful she was to the centerD. describe the courses she had taken so far【答案】【语篇解读】这是一封邮件。作者患有多动症，因为不能集中注意力，作者无法上大学。作者在家通过网络自学了计算机知识，并找到了心仪的工作。作者认为自己能够和同龄人做得一样好。57. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段without dealing with the public排除B；根据I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. 可知，我不想处理复杂的人际关系，想单独工作，故选A。58. C 【解析】写作意图题。根据Thank you. Youve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself可知，作者写信的目的是表达感谢，故选C。Passage 3体裁话题词数难度建议时间议论文互联网对人类记忆的影响2915分钟 (2015安徽)As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called transactive memory (交互记忆).According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesnt mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.64. The passage begins with two questions to _. A. introduce the main topicB. show the authors altitudeC. describe how to use the InterneD. explain how to store information65. What can we learn about the first experiment?A. Sparrows team typed the information into a computer. B. The two groups remembered the information equally well.C. The first group did not try to remember the formation. D. The second group did not understand the information.66. In transactive memory, people _.A. keep the information in mindB. change the quantity of information C. organize information like a computerD. remember how to find the information67. What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrows research? A. We are using memory differently.B. We are becoming more intelligent.C. We have poorer memories than before.D. We need a better way to access information.【答案】【语篇解读】随着人们对网络变得更加依赖，人们使用记忆的方式在发生变化，人们开始更多地使用交互记忆。 64. A 【解析】写作意图题。文章开头首先问了两个问题，目的是引出本文的主题句，也就是首段的最后一句Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.。故选A。 65. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.可知，第一组人没有想着去记住那些信息，故选C。 67. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句中的there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.可知，我们使用记忆的方式在改变，故A正确。由最后一段中的This doesnt mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent可知，B不正确；由最后一段第一句可知C不正确；由最后一段倒数第二句可知D不正确。II. 七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文密码的设置和破解的方法3306分钟(2016新课标全国卷I) Secret codes (密码)keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters ofMy elephant eats too many eelsspell out the hidden messageMeet me. 38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the messageMeet mewould read135 520 135.A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, bridgemight stand formeetandout might stand forme.The messageBridge outwould actually meanMeet me. 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.A. Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B. Inanylanguage, somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C. Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D. Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E. Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F. Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G. notherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet. 【答案】【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了密码的设置方法和破解的方法。36. D 【解析】根据后句内容可以判断该空应该和密码的破译有关，故判断D项内容符合语境逻辑，可以承接上下文。38. G 【解析】根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故判断G选项符合语境。39. F 【解析】根据后面的举例以及前句中的 a code book可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用，故判断F选项可以起到承上启下的作用。40. A 【解析】根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也不会使用很久的时间，故判断A选项符合语境。I. 语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文孩子沉迷网络游戏会影响学习1848分钟Good computer skills 1 (be) desirable in todays digital age, and playing computer games can help children practice those skills. But 2 new study warns that too much time 3 (spend) playing computer games can affect a childs performance at school. The British study involved 600 teenagers over a period of two years and 4 (find) that those who played computer games less than once a week achieved 5 (good) grades at school than those who played them twice a day or more often.It was clear that social media didnt have any impact. I think thats more 6 social media is part of every childs life. Its the way they communicate, said one of the research members.Parents 7 (increasing) complain of having difficulty getting their children away from computer games. Some even seek help for their teenagers 8 they say are addicted to them. The study did not look into _9_ (addict), but suggested computer games can cause children to stay up late in the evenings, 10 (make) them tired and less able to focus at school the next day.【答案】【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，孩子沉迷于电脑游戏会影响他们的在校表现。1. are 考查时态和主谓一致。优秀的电脑技能在这个数字化的时代很吃香。由句中的in todays digital age可知，此处应用一般现在时，且句子的主语为Good computer skills，故谓语动词用复数。2. a 考查冠词。此处泛指一项新的研究，故用不定冠词a。 5. better 考查比较级。玩电脑游戏少于一周一次的学生比一天玩两次或者更多次的学生的学习成绩更好。由后文的关键词than可知，此处应填good的比较级形式。6. because 考查连词。我想那更多的是因为社交媒体是每个孩子生活中的一部分。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导表语从句，且在此表示原因，故用because。7. increasingly 考查词性转换。家长越来越多地抱怨很难把孩子从电脑游戏中拉出来。此处应用副词修饰动词，故填increasingly越来越多地，渐增地。8. who/that 考查定语从句。一些家长甚至为自己的孩子寻求帮助，他们说孩子迷上了电脑游戏。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是teenagers，关系词在从句中作主语，故可用who或that。10. making 考查非谓语动词。研究表明，电脑游戏会让孩子熬夜，这使得他们第二天感到疲惫，而且难以集中注意力学习。make与其逻辑主语为主谓关系，故此处需用现在分词形式作状语，表示自然而然的结果。II. 阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Passage 1体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文利用网上的免费资源来修理电脑3526分钟Im here to tell you that fixing your computer is something you can do.Now, in no way am I calling down your local computer repair person (I am one, remember) theyre by and large a very smart kind of people, usually with a lot of education and experience.However, the fact remains that a large part of the problems that computer users have can be easily solved by following freely available advice on this and other sites online. Even more difficult problems can be solved if youre willing to invest a little time to learn a few things about your computer along the way.Important: at very least, before you take your computer in for service, see my List of Common PC Problems and How to Fix Them. If you dont see your problem there, be sure to search for it in the search box at the top of any page.Saving money is probably an obvious advantage of fixing your own computer.Getting your computer serviced at a local shop will usually run you from $40 to $90 USD per hour or more. Some are less expensive but thats not the norm. Remote computer support options are typically cheaper but they can only help fix some software related problems and are useless in cases where hardware is to blame.If you fix your computer problem yourself, u can completely avoid what might end up being a several hundred dollar bill. No matter what your financial situation, ee is a pretty good deal. Thats a lot of money you can save by investing some time in trying to fix it yourself.You dont need expensive tools to fix your own computer. Many people think that they have to buy lots of expensive diagnostic hardware and software to fix a computer. This is absolutely not the case. Expensive tools do exist but theyre usually used to help computer repair services test or solve things quickly or in bulk.Chances are you already have 95% of the physical tools you would ever need to fix any computer problem in your toolbox or garage.1. The writer suggests repairing your computer _.A. at the repair shopB. with the help of the InternetC. by using proper software you boughtD. according to what youve learned from books2. All the following can be of help in solving hardware problems EXCEPT _.A. a knowledge of your computerB. the guidance of repairmenC. free advice onlineD. remote computer support3. We can conclude that _.A. if you are rich enough, u will ask others to repair your computerB. you can solve all your computer problems if you know the writerC.it takes time and effort to repair your computer yourselfD.to fix computer, e should be clever enough4. By saying you already have 95% of the physical toolsin the last paragraph, e writer really means_.A. you have to buy the rest 5% of the tools you needB. you dont need expensive tools to fix your own computerC. you should prepare a toolbox or a garage for your computer repairD. most of the tools can only be found in a proper place【答案】【语篇解读】电脑坏了，程序出了毛病怎么修复？找维修部？找电脑高人？不，都不用，最好的办法是自己动手，利用网上的免费资源来修理电脑。1. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的by following freely available advice on this and other sites online可知，作者建议利用因特网的帮助来修理电脑。3. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的invest a little time to learn a few things aboutyour computer及 第七段最后一句中的investing some time in trying to fix it yourself可知，自己维修电脑需要花费时间和精力。 4. B 【解析】推理判断题。第九段、第十段是对第八段You dont need expensive tools to fix your own computer.的阐述，故答案为B项。Passage 2体裁话题词数难度建议时间议论文网络的利弊3055分钟The Internet brings us many advantages.With the Internet, people can send and receive emails. On the Internet, people can skim over news. Using the Telnet, the user anywhere on the Internet can log into any other machine on which he has an account. It is possible to use the FTP program to copy files from one machine on the Internet to another. But the Internet also brings us troubles.Internet use seems to cause a fall in psychological(心理的) health, according to research at Carnegie Mellon University. Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less often, the twoyear study showed. And it wasnt that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net actually seemed to cause the bad feelings.Researchers are puzzled over the results, which were completely opposite to what they had expected. They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television, since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others. The fact that