2018年高三英语一轮总复习专题1.1Friendship句型语法含解析.docx

专题1.1 Friendship【学以致用】 三、重点句型剖析 1While doing. 句式(状语省略结构) While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.(P1)遛狗的时候，你不小心把狗松开了，它被车撞了。 while walking the dog相当于while you were walking the dog。 在英语中，由when，while，as if，unless，though，once，even if( before，after除外）等引导的表示时间、条件、方式或让步等的状语从句，若从句主语与主句主语一致，或者从句的主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。When you are crossing the street, you should be careful._ _ _ _， you should be careful.过马路时，你应当小心。If it is heated, water can be turned into vapor._ _， water can be turned into vapor.如果受热，水会变成蒸汽。_ _， you can contact me at home.必要的话，你可以与我在家里取得联系。 Once_，Pang Long now becomes a famous singer.庞龙曾经是个工人，现在成了一名著名的歌手。 2主语谓语其他before句子 She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月才被发现。 before引导一个时间状语，强调从句中discover的动作发生的太迟了，译为：“之后才”。before conj.用以表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法比较灵活。根据其侧重点，可有如下理解：(1)强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为“不等就”。如下面例句。(2)Itbe时间段before从句，意为“之后才”。如下面例句。(3)Itbe否定形式longbefore从句，意为“不久就”。如下面例句。He asked a second question before I could answer the first question.我还没来得及回答第一个问题，他又问了一个问题。The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could control it.大火持续了大约四个小时，消防人员才得以控制住。It was not long before he told me about it.不久他就告诉了我这件事情。Why didnt you tell him about the meeting?你为什么不把会议的事情告诉他？He rushed out of the room _ _ _ _ _ _.我还没来得及说一句话他就冲出了房间。_ _ _ _ _ _ I realized the truth.过了很长一段时间我才悟出真相。John thinks _ _ _ _ _ he is ready for his new job.约翰认为他不久就会为新工作做好准备了。 It be 一段时间since引导状语从句表示“自从(到现在)有多长时间了”。且since后从句只能用一般过去时，主句只能使用现在完成时或一般现在时。As far as I know, it is five years since he joined the army.据我所知，他参军五年了。 3It is. that句子(强调句式) I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.(P2)我不知道这是不是因为我长期无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。此句含有高中所应掌握的一个非常重要的强调句型：It is. that.，其各种变化形式见下表：必会基本句式 It is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分一般疑问句 Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他成分 特殊疑问句 疑问词is/was itthat其他成分 not.until句型的强调句 It is/was not until被强调部分that其他成分 It is _I who/that_ am going for a holiday with Mary.是我跟玛丽一块儿去度假。 When is it that we will have a meeting?我们什么时候开会？It was not until he took off his dark glasses _that_ I realized he was a famous film star.直到他摘下墨镜我才认出他是著名的影星。在强调句式中主要使用一般现在时和一般过去时，这是要特别注意的，请观察以上例句。另外，判断是否是强调句，可采用“还原法”，即把“It is/was和that/who”去掉，句子各种成分完整，则是强调句，否则不是。 4It is/was/will be the first/second/. time that. “某人第一/二/次做某事”。 . it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.(P2)这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚 在“It is/will be the序数词timethat从句”句式中，从句谓语用现在完成时；在“It was the序数词timethat从句”句式中，从句谓语用过去完成时。That was the fourth time (that) she _ _ (ring) you in a week.那是她一周内第四次给你打电话。This is the tenth time (that) I _ _ (visit) Jinan.这是我第十次参观济南。It is (high)time定语从句(虚拟语气用一般过去时或should动词原形表示)the first time“第一次”，用作连词，引导时间状语从句for the first time“第一次”，用作介词短语，单独作状语，不接从句It is time that we measures to control air pollution.到了采取措施来控制空气污染的时候了。I fell in love with her the first time I saw her.我对她一见钟情。(在本句中，the first time引导了一个时间状语从句。)He got full marks in English exam for the first time.他第一次英语考试得了满分。 5There was a time when. 以前有那么一段时间I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.我记得很清楚，以前(有那么一段时间)，湛蓝的天空，鸟儿的歌唱，月光和鲜花，从未使我心迷神往过。There was a time when.以前有那么一段时间；when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time。【仿写】曾经有过一段时间我讨厌上学。There was a time when I hated to go to school.6It is/was+n.+doing sth. 做某事是.Its no pleasure looking through these any longer(观看这些不再是乐趣) because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.本句是一个主从复合句，其中because引导原因状语从句。原因状语从句中包含着一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词one thing。主句中的it作形式主语，真正的主语为动名词短语looking through these。It is/was+n.+doing sth.是一个固定句型，该句型中的名词（词组）常用no use， no good， no pleasure，a waste of time/money等。【仿写】整天看电视已不再是乐趣，因为接近大自然对身体有益。Its no pleasure watching TV all day long because getting close to nature is good for health.四、重点语法突破1 直接引语和间接引语如何把一个直接引语变成间接引语呢？口诀：直引变间引，莫忘三要素： 引导词、时态和语序。引导词带头从句前，主谓语序随后跟，谓语时态随主句。引导词特好记，陈述句用that，一般疑问用是否(if/whether)，特殊疑问不变更。直接引语变间接引语要注意：1直接引语为陈述句时，引导词that通常可以省略，但当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时，仅能省略第一个that, 其余的that不能省略。2人称的变化口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不变更。(1)“一随主”。 若直接引语中有第一人称，变间接引语时应与主句中主语的人称一致。(2)“二随宾”。若直接引语中有第二人称，变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称一致。(3)“第三人称不变更”。 直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。3时态的变化主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时态的时候，直接引语变间接引语，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。注意：如果直接引语是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，从句时态不变。4指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化thisthatthesethosenowthenagobefore todaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforetomorrowthe next/following dayheretherecomego5语序的变化(1)如果直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时语序不变。(2)如果直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，先加上if 或whether ，然后变成陈述句语序。(3)如果直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，疑问词不变，同时变成陈述句语序。直接引语变间接引语He asked her, “Where are you going？” He asked her _.He said to me, “I wrote to my father yesterday.”He told me that _The teacher asked, “Are you waiting for the bus？” The teacher asked (me) _.He says，“I have finished my homework.”He says that _. They said, “We will go there by bus.” They said _ there by bus. She said to me, “Are you interested in science？” She _ interested in science.答案：told改为had told and后加that如果直接引语是两个并列的陈述句，在变为间接引语时，第一个宾语从句前的that有时可省略，但第二个宾语从句前的that不可省略。 here改为there二、when, where, why引导定语从句1.where 表示地点，只能跟在表地点或场合的名词后。注意：where不在从句中做主语或宾语。（1）What is the name of the town where we stayed last night?（2）Think of a place where we can go for dinner.（3）Please leave the book at the place where it was.Please leave the book where it was2. when表示时间，只能跟在表时间的名词后。（1） Tell me the time when the train leaves.（2）July, when (=in which) we can go home for a rest, is coming soon.（3）I will never forget the days that/which I spent with your family.3. why表示原因，通常跟在reason后引导定语从句。（1）I dont know the reason why he left here.（2）This is the reason why (= for which) he cried.（3）The teacher was surprised at the reason (that/which) he explained for being late.用关系副词 when, where why完成句子.That was the reason （我必须去医院）and I could not go on my holiday to Britain. Mary Brown moved to a place ,（她贴近大海） so she could go swimming every day.This was the time（庄稼连续三年歉收）and everyone was cold and hungry. It was the year（圣诞节停电）and everybody had to cook their dinner by candlelight. I went back to the town （我五岁时离开的），so I could see the house where I used to live. He will never forget the park （他第一次与他的妻子相识的）.wh