2017_2018学年高中英语大题精做04Unit4Wildlifeprotection含解析新人教版.docx

Unit 4 Wildlife protectionI. 阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Passage 1体裁话题词数难度建议时间记叙文救助猫头鹰2964分钟 (2017新课标全国卷I)I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.24. What is unavoidable in the authors rescue work according to paragraph 1?A. Effortsmadeinvain.B. Gettinginjuredinhiswork.C. Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.D. Creaturesforcedoutoftheirhomes.25. WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?A. Torescueawoman.B. Totakecareofawoman.C. Tolookatababyowl.D. Tocureayoungowl.26. Whatmadethechickcalmdown?A. Anewnest.B. Somefood.C. Arecording.D. Itsparents.27. Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?A. Itsunexpected.B.Itsbeautiful.C.Itshumorous.D.Itsdiscouraging.【答案】【语篇解读】救助小动物并没有那么简单，因为你所做的救助行为到最后可能都成了无用功。但无论结果怎样，救助小动物的这种行为是美好的。本文主要介绍了作者救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新的窝，帮助它回到父母身边的故事。24. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.可知救助受伤的、流离失所的、生病的动物是令人心碎的，因为我们不知道救助的动物是否能活下去，也就是说我们为救助动物而花费的努力可能会白费，这是不可避免的。故选A。 26. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down可知在作者把小猫头鹰放在窝里之后，它很快就安静下来，所以是窝让小猫头鹰安静下来的。故选A。27. B 【解析】观点态度题。根据前文描述可知作者为小猫头鹰做了窝，并且帮助它找回了它的父母，小猫头鹰的父母还为它带回了午餐，作者的救助成功了，说明结局是美好的。再结合第一段的However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.可推测，作者感觉很美好。故选B。Passage 2体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文植物被攻击时2956分钟(2017新课标全国卷II)When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesnt sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .Its a plants way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react. Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists dont know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to overhear the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasnt a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. Theres a whole lot going on.32.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?A.Itmakesnoises.B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.C.Itstandsquietly.D.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.33.Whatdoestheauthormeanbythetablesareturnedinparagraph3?A.Theattackersgetattacked.B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.34. Scientists find from their studies that plants can .A. predict natural disasters B. protect themselves against insectsC. talk to one another intentionallyD. help their neighbors when necessary35. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. The world is changing faster than ever.B. People have stronger senses than before.C. The world is more complex than it seems.D. People in Darwins time were imaginative.【答案】【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。研究发现，当植物受到攻击时，会发出VOCs，以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。32. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌一种特殊的化学物质。 34. B 【解析】细节理解题，根据Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked及Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. 可知答案选B。35. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. Theres a whole lot going on可知，这个世界远比我们看到或听到的更热闹、更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我们想象的要复杂。故选C。Passage 3体裁话题词数难度建议时间夹叙夹议文美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼2956分钟(2017新课标全国卷III)After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations major food sources (来源) for the wolf grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the parks red foxes, and completely drove away the parks beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets. The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.28. What is the text mainly about?A. Wildlife research in the United States.B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.29. What does the underlined word displaced in paragraph 2 mean?A. Tested.B. Separated.C. Forced out.D. Tracked down.30. What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?A. Damage to local ecology.B. A decline in the parks income.C. Preservation of vegetation.D. An increase in the variety of animals.31. What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?A. Doubtful. B. Positive.C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.【答案】【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，介绍了美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的事情。人类活动的影响使灰狼的数量逐渐减少，鹿群数量逐渐增加，从而导致植被被大量破坏。28. D 【解析】主旨大意题。文章开门见山地提出黄石公园引进灰狼的举措，然后在下文中详细介绍其原因以及带来的良好的转机，由此判断本文的中心话题是美国黄石公园对灰狼的引进。30. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，灰狼的减少造成了鹿群的增多，从而植被遭到了破坏；造成了土狼数量的快速增长，它们猎杀了大量的赤狐，赶走了海狸，由此可推断出灰狼的消失导致了当地生态平衡被破坏。31. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章末段的最后一句可知，作者认为引进灰狼的项目是很有价值的实验，因此可推知作者对这一举措持肯定的态度。【名师点睛】词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解中常见的题型，一般考查考生对生词、熟词生义词、短语、代词的指代的猜测以及对句子的理解等。要求考生熟练掌握构词法，还要学会利用上下文语境、利用定义、解释、举例和对比转折等线索来进行判断。另外构词法也是一种猜词的办法，比如通过前缀：dis-，un-，im-等，如本题中的displace。II. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。 (2015新课标全国卷I)When I was a child, hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, t I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, the development of industrialization, e environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, well live to regret it .【答案】When I was a child, hoped to live in the city. I I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, t I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean the mountains are green. Unfortunately, the development of industrialization, e environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very problem. The we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. rare animals are dying out. We must ways to protect environment. If we fail to do so, well live to regret it .第一处：think thought 考查时态。前两句是回忆童年的事情，因此应用一般过去时，把think改为thought。第二处：在countryside前加the 考查冠词。in the countryside 在农村，为固定表达，故应在countryside前加上冠词the。第三处：or and 考查连词。此处表示两者兼有，不表示选择关系，故应把or改为and。第四处：on with 考查介词。随着工业化的发展，环境被污染了。这里表示伴随状况，因此把on改为with。第五处：去掉been 考查语态。很多研究表明：全球变暖已经是一个非常严重的问题。本句应用主动语态，因此去掉been。第六处：seriously serious 考查形容词。应用形容词serious修饰名词，因此把seriously改为serious。第七处：airs air 考查名词的数。air空气为不可数名词，因此把airs改为air。第八处：Much Many 考查限定词。much修饰不可数名词，rare animals为复数形式，因此把Much改为Many。 第九处：found find 考查情态动词的用法。在情态动词must 之后应用动词原形，因此把found改为find。第十处：your our/the 考查代词或冠词。本句的主语为We，用了第一人称，因此把物主代词your 改为our，此处也可以改为the。I. 完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。体裁话题词数难度建议时间议论文环境保护30018分钟In the past, man did not have to think about the protection of his environment. There were few people on the earth, and natural resources seemed to be _1_.Today things are _2_. The world has become too _3_. We are using up our natural resources too quickly, and at the same time we are _4_ our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on the earth _5_ not survive (生存).Everyone _6_ today that if too many fish are taken from the sea, there will soon be none left. Yet, with modern fishing _7_, more and more fish are caught. We know that if too many trees are cut down, _8_ will disappear and nothing will grow on the land. Yet, we _9_ to use bigger and more powerful machines to _10_ more and more trees.We realize that if rivers are polluted with waste products from factories, we will die. _11_, in most countries wastes are _12_ put into rivers or into the sea, and there are _13_ laws to stop this.We know, too, that if the _14_ of the world continues to rise at the present rate, in a few years there will not be enough _15_. What can we do to solve these problems?If we eat more vegetables and less _16_, there will be more food available for everyone. Land that is used to grow crops _17_ five times more people than land where animals are kept.Our natural resources will _18_ longer if we learn to recycle them. The world population will not rise so quickly if people use modern methods of birth _19_.Finally, if we educate people to think about the problems, we shall have a better and clearer _20_ in the future.1. A. beautiful B. unlimited C. rare D. valuable2. A. common B. same C. changeable D. different3. A. crowded B. small C. dirty D. busy4. A. protecting B. saving C. polluting D. fighting5. A. may B. will C. shall D. could6. A. wonders B. realizes C. considers D. discovers7. A. poles B. boats C. methods D. ideas8. A. mountains B. seas C. trees D. forests9. A. continue B. have C. start D. go10. A. give up B. go out C. come down D. cut down11. A. Thus B. However C. Generally D. Therefore12. A. still B. even C. also D. certainly13. A. too many B. a few C. some D. few14. A. production B. pollution C. population D. revolution15. A. houses B. vegetables C. food D. lives16. A. fruit B. meat C. fish D. grain17. A. feeds B. increases C. supplies D. helps18. A. use B. stay C. keep D. last19. A. control B. protection C. plan D. reward20. A. nature B. sea C. planet D. forest【答案】 【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了我们面临的环保问题以及应该怎样做来保护环境。1. B 地球上人很少，自然资源似乎是无限的。此处填unlimited(无限的)与前文few相对应。2. D 从后文可知，现在情形不同了。3. A 从上文There were few people on the earth可知：世界变得拥挤了。4. C 从with dangerous chemicals.可知：同时我们也在污染着我们的环境。5. B 如果我们继续这样做，地球上的人类就不会存在。will会，表示一种倾向性动作。6. B 现在大家都意识到了。wonder想知道；realize意识到；consider认为；discover发现。7. C 用现代的钓鱼方法。pole杆；boat船；method方式；idea想法，主意。8. D 如果砍伐太多的树木，那么森林就会消失。9. A 但是我们继续用越来越多的大而有能量的机器，来砍伐越来越多的树木。10. D give up放弃；go out出去；come down下来；cut down砍伐。从句意看此处应为砍伐。11. B 联系上文，表转折用however。12. A 从下半句知，在许多国家，废弃物仍然被排进大河或者海里。13. D 并且几乎没有法律制止这种情况。14. C 如果世界人口继续以目前速度增长的话。production产品；pollution污染；population人口；revolution革命。15. C 在几年之内，将没有足够的食物与前句相对应。16. B 如果我们多吃蔬菜，少吃肉。17. A 用来种庄稼的地会养活五倍多的人。feed养活；increase增加；supply提供；help帮助。18. D 如果我们学会回收的话，我们的自然资源将会持续很久。use利用；stay呆着；keep保持；last持续。19. A 如果人们用现代计划生育的话，世界人口就不会增长这么快。20. C 未来我们将会有一个更好更清澈的星球。nature大自然；sea海洋；planet星球；forest森林。II. 阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文保护动物2224分钟Animals are natural resources that people have wasted all through our history.Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers, for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way. Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the earth forever. Hundreds more are on the danger list today. About 170 kinds in the United States alone are considered in danger.Why should people care? Because we need animals. And because once they are gone, there will never be any more.Animals are more than beautiful or interesting or a source of food. Every animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying one kind of animal can create many problems.For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks (鹰), the farmers stores of corn and grain were destroyed by mice. Why? Because hawks eat mice. With no hawks to keep down their numbers，the mice multiplied quickly.Luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. And they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger.Quite a few countries have passed laws. These laws forbid the killing of any animal or plant on the danger list. Slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing.1. What is the best title for the passage?A. Save the Animals B. Useful AnimalsC. Laws for Animals D. Animals in Danger2. Animals are important to us mainly because _.A. they give us a source of foodB. they are beautiful and lovelyC. they keep the balance of natureD. they give us a lot of pleasure3. Which of the following is NOT true?A. People care much about animals because they need them.B. People must not kill any animal or plant.C. Killing all mice may cause some new problems.D. Once a certain kind of animal is gone forever, there will never be any more.4. We can infer from the passage that _.A. people have known the importance of animal protection a long time agoB. animals play an important role in peoples lifeC. the number of hawks is on the decreaseD. many countries passed laws forbidding the killing of any animal【答案】【语篇解读】本文是一篇关于动物保护的说明文。目前，世界范围内动物的数量正在不断下降，保护动物刻不容缓。保护动物不仅是为动物，也是为我们人类自己的生存考虑。幸运的是，现在有的国家已经开始行动，例如成立保护组织或设立法律等对动物进行有效的保护。1. A 【解析】主旨大意题。文章提到动物面临的生存现状、保护动物的必要性以及目前一些国家对野生动物采取的