高中英语Unit5ThepowerofnatureSectionⅠWarmingamp；ReadingPre_reading教学案.docx

Unit 5 The power of natureMount Kilauea, the worlds most active volcano, is on theisland of Hawaii. It is notfar from Mauna Loa, the largest volcano in the world. Mauna Loa and Kilauea together form the Volcanoes National Park in Hawaii. Mount Kilauea has produced lava (熔岩) more than fiftytimes in the last one hundred years. At this moment, red hot lava is pouring out of Kilauea. It has been doing this since 1983. Sometimes the lava moves slowly. At other times it poursout very fast asa huge amount of pressure (压力) forces it from the volcano. During these times, it moves almost as quickly as water moving down the side of a mountain. Sometimes Kilauea produces a large amount of lava that seems like rivers of fire. When the lava from Kilauea reaches the ocean, its fierce (凶猛的) heat produces a great amount of steam that rises into the air. The lava is so hot it continues to burn underwater for some time. The lava from Kilauea continues to addland to the island as the volcanoes of Hawaii have always done.It was these volcanoesthatformed the islands of Hawaii. Most of the time the lava of Kilauea seems to move peacefully toward the ocean. Yet it is not as peaceful as it seems from a distance. In recent years the lava destroyed one small town on theisland. The liquid (流动的) rock slowly covered the town. It blocked roads and destroyed them. Nothing can stop the lava of Kilauea. Experts say the volcanoes of Mauna Loa and Kilauea are a serious threat (威胁) to property on many parts of the island. They also say the volcanoes of the island of Hawaii are proof that the changing environment of Earth is and will always remain beyond human control.Section_Warming Up & Reading PrereadingAN EXCITING JOBI have the greatest job in the world. I travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over the world. Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored. Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I dont mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive. However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth the volcano.I wasappointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago. My job is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea， which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. Our work has saved many lives because people in the path of the lava can be warned to leave their houses. Unfortunately, we cannot move their homes out of the way， and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground.alongside/lsaId/adv.在旁边；沿着边 prep.在旁边；沿着的边equipment/IkwIpmnt/n.U设备；装备occasionally adv.偶尔；间或protect . from 保护免于appoint/pInt/vt.任命；委派be appointed as . 被任命为observatory/bzvtrI; UStrI/n.观象台；天文台；气象台database/deItbeIs/n.数据库；资料库Mount Kilauea/kIlwI/基拉韦厄火山evaluate/IvljeIt/vt.评估；评价；估计warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告/告诫某人(不要)去做某事out of the way 不挡道burn to the ground 全部焚毁一份令人兴奋的工作第12段译文我有份世界上最伟大的工作。我跑的地方是稀罕奇特的地方，和我一道工作的人来自世界各地。(我们)有时在室外工作，有时在办公室里，有时(工作中)要用科学仪器，有时要会见当地百姓和旅游人士，我从来不感到(工作)无聊。虽然我的工作偶尔也有危险，但是我并不在乎，因为危险能使我兴奋，使我感到有活力。然而，最重要的是，通过我的工作能帮助保护普通百姓免遭火山的威胁这是世界上最大的自然威力之一。20年前，作为一名火山学家，我被派到夏威夷火山观测站(HVO)工作。我的任务是收集有关基拉韦厄火山的数据资料，这是夏威夷最活跃的火山之一。收集和评估这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩接着将流向何处，流速是多少。我们的工作拯救了许多人的生命，因为熔岩要流经之地，老百姓都可以得到离开家园的通知。遗憾的是，我们不可能把他们的家搬离岩浆流经之路，因此，许多房屋被熔岩淹没，或者焚烧殆尽。When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage rocks fall. The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock. However, the eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one. It was in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii. Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didnt take much notice. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. I ran out of the house into the back garden where I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance. There had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air. It was an absolutely fantastic sight.cause damage 造成损失than you might imagine. This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the than引导比较状语从句。wave/weIv/n.波浪；波涛 vi.波动；起伏；挥手that引导定语从句，修饰the lava。molten/mltn/adj.熔化的；熔融的eruption/Irpn/n.火山爆发；(战争等)爆发erupt/Irpt/vi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生to watch是动词不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。fast asleep 睡得很香in the distance 在远处；在远方fountain/fantIn; UStn/vi.&vt.泉水般地喷出或涌出 n喷泉；源泉absolutely/bslutlI；bslutlI/adv.绝对地；完全地absolute/bslut/adj.绝对的；完全的fantastic adj.极好的；吸引人的；有趣的第3段译文,当滚烫的岩石从火山喷发出来并撞回地面时，它所造成的损失比想象的要小些，这是因为在岩石下落的基拉韦厄火山顶附近无人居住。而像波浪一样顺着山坡缓缓流下的火山熔岩所造成的损失却大得多，这是因为火山岩浆所流经的地方，一切东西都被掩埋在熔岩下面了。然而火山喷发本身看起来的确是很壮观的，我永远也忘不了我第一次看见火山喷发时的情景。那是在我抵达夏威夷后的第二个星期。那天我辛辛苦苦地干了一整天，很早就上床睡觉了。我在熟睡中突然感到床铺在摇晃，接着我听到一阵奇怪的声音，就好像一列火车在我的窗外行驶一样。因为我在夏威夷曾经经历过多次地震，所以对此我并不在意。我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。我跑出房间，来到后花园，在那儿我能远远地看见基拉韦厄火山。在山的一边有火山喷发，红色发烫的岩浆像喷泉一样，朝天上喷射达几百米高。真是绝妙的奇景。The day after this eruption I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it. Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the crater that had been formed during the eruption. Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer. All three of us looked like spacemen. We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets， big boots and special gloves. It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made ourway to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre. The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience， I stayed at the top and watched them.Today, I am just as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started. Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as theirpotential to cause great damage.spaceman/speIsmn/n.宇航员；航天专家suit/sjut/n.一套外衣；套装 vt.适合；使适宜helmet/helmIt/n.头盔boot/but/n.靴子make ones way前往(后接介词to, through, towards等)this being my first experience是独立主格结构，在句中作原因状语。独立主格结构形式有多种，此处的形式是“代词现在分词”。be enthusiastic about . 对充满热情be amazed at 对感到惊奇potential/ptenl/n.潜在性；可能性；潜能第45段译文,就在这次火山喷发的第二天，我很有幸作了一次更近距离的观察。我和另外两位科学家被驱车送上山，到最靠近这次火山喷口的地方才下车。早先从观测站(出发时)就带了一些特别的安全服，于是我们穿上安全服再走近火山口。我们三个人看上去就像宇航员一样，我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，戴上了头盔和特别的手套，还穿了双大靴子。穿着这些衣服走起路来不容易，但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的中央。另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。,如今，我和当初从事这项工作时一样满怀热情。虽然我现在从事火山研究很多年了，但是我对火山的壮丽景色以及它们那潜在的巨大破坏力仍然感到惊愕不已。PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1alongsideAnext to or along the side of something2appoint Bto carefully consider something to see how useful or valuable it is3evaluate Ca line of raised water that moves across the surface of the sea4wave Dthe possibility that something will develop in a certain way, or have a particular effect5equipment Eto choose someone for a position or a job6potential Fall the special tools, machines, clothes etc. that you need for a particular activity16_答案：16AEBCFDLeadinDo you know what kind of natural disasters the following pictures belong to? Please match the pictures with their names.1volcanic eruption_ 2.earthquake_3hurricane_ 4.flood_5landslide_ 6.thunderstorm_7sandstorm_ 8.drought_答案：1.C2.A3.B4.E5.G6.H7.D8.FWhilereadingFastreadingSkim the text and complete the following questions.1What is the main idea of the passage?AAn eruption occurred in Hawaii.BA volcanologists job is exciting.CA volcanologists exciting job and his first sight of a volcanic eruption.DA sight of an eruption is horrible.答案：C2There are five paragraphs in the whole passage, and we can divide it into four parts. Please choose the right answers to fill in the following forms.An Exciting JobPartsGeneral idea of each partPart 1 (Paragraphs 12)Part 2 (Paragraph 3)Part 3 (Paragraph 4)Part 4 (Paragraph 5)A.I am still enthusiastic about my job at the very beginning.BMy first sight of a volcanic eruption.CMy job as a volcanologist.DHow I had a closer look at the crater after the eruption.答案：Part 1：CPart 2：BPart 3：DPart 4：ACarefulreadingRead the text carefully and choose the best answers.1What does the writer mean by using “lucky” in the sentence “. I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it.” in the last but one paragraph?AHe felt much safer at the top while the other two scientists climbed down into the crater.BIt was his first sight of an eruption.CIt was the first time for him to watch the crater.DBoth B and C.2The writer doesnt mind the occasional danger of his job because _.Ahe travels to unusual places and meets interesting people from all over the worldBhe likes the different ways of workingChe thinks his job is the most importantDhe is excited about danger and feels alive3As a result of the writers job, _.Aother scientists predict the progress of lava from the volcanoBmany people have been warned to move their homesCthe eruption causes less damageDthe volcano may be prevented from breaking out4What did the writer feel and see in his first sight of an eruption?AHis bed began shaking and he heard a strange sound.BHis bedroom was as bright as day.CRed hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the sky.DAll of the above.5Which of the following descriptions of an eruption is NOT correct?AIt causes great damage near the top of Mount Kilauea.BThe places where the lava flows are usually seriously damaged.CIt can be seen from a distance, even in a house garden.DThe lava can fountain hundreds of meters.答案：15CDADAStudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth the volcano.句式分析这是一个主从复合句，that I help . the volcano为that引导的表语从句。从句中破折号起解释说明的作用。尝试翻译然而，最重要的是，通过我的工作能帮助保护普通百姓免遭火山的威胁这是世界上最大的自然威力之一。2The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock.句式分析本句的主句为The lava causes far more damage, that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain为定语从句，because it buries . 为原因状语从句。尝试翻译而像波浪一样顺着山坡缓缓流下的火山熔岩所造成的损失却大得多，这是因为火山岩浆所流经的地方，一切东西都被掩埋在熔岩下面了。3The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.句式分析尝试翻译另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。.阅读理解AThe US government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map. This map shows the chances of an earthquake in each part of the country. The areas of the map where earthquakes are most likely to occur are called earthquake belts. The government is spending a great deal of money and is working hard to help to discover the answers to these two questions：Can we predict earthquakes?Can we control earthquakes?To answer the first question, scientists are looking very closely at the most active fault (断层) systems in the country, such as the San Andreas fault in California. A fault is a break between two sections of the earths surface. These breaks between sections are the places where earthquakes occur. Scientists look at the faults for changes which might show that an earthquake was about to occur. But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes correctly. And the control of earthquakes is even farther away.However, there have been some interesting developments in the field of controlling earthquakes. The most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes. Here water was put into a layer of rocks 4,000 metres below the surface of the ground. Shortly after this injection (注射) of water, there was a small number of earthquakes. Scientists have decided that the water which was injected into the rocks worked like oil on each other.When the water “oiled” the fault, the fault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was given out. Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes. They have realized that there is a connection between the injection of the water and the earthquake activity. They have suggested that it might be possible to use this knowledge to prevent very big, dangerous earthquakes, that is, scientists could inject some kind of fluid like water into faults and change one big earthquake into a number of small, harmless earthquakes.语篇解读：为了提高人们对地震的防范意识，美国政府加大了在防震、预测方面的投入，他们甚至在努力采取措施控制地震的发生。1Earthquakes belts are _.Amaps that show where earthquakes are likely to occurBzones with a high probability of earthquakesCbreaks between two sections of the earths surfaceDthe two layers of earth along a fault解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句可知，地震多发地带被称为earthquake belts。2The San Andreas fault is _.Aan active fault systemBa place where earthquakes have been predicted correctlyCa place where earthquakes have been controlledDat the foot of the Rocky Mountain解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段可知，该地区为地震比较活跃的地区。3What did scientists learn about earthquakes at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?AThey occur at about 4,000 metres below ground level.BThe injection of water into earthquake faults prevents earthquakes from occurring.CThey are usually caused by the oil in the faults.DHarmful earthquakes could be prevented by causing harmless earthquakes.解析：选D细节理解题。根据最后一段尾句可知。4What can be said about the experiments at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?AThey have no practical value in earthquake prevention.BThey may have practical value in earthquake prevention.CThey are certain to have practical value in earthquake prevention.DNothing is told about their practical value in earthquake prevention.解析：选B推理判断题。根据科学家的试验，通过向断裂带注水可以引发小地震，从而使地震的能量得到释放，因此也就降低了大地震爆发的可能。BThere are over 500 known active volcanoes in the world and thousands of extinct volcanoes. Volcanoes are found on every continent except Australia. There are about 80 active volcanoes under the oceans. Volcanoes are both terrifying and fascinating. In order to understand why volcanic eruptions happen, it is necessary to know some things about how the Earth is made.The part of the Earth we live on is an 18milethick layer of solid rock called the crust. Beneath the crust is a layer called the mantle (地幔), it is hot enough to melt some of the rock, creating magma (岩浆). When the magma finds cracks in the Earths crust, it rises up. Gas bubbles (气泡) inside the magma grow bigger and try to escape as the molten rock gets closer to the Earths surface. When the gas bubbles cant be held back any longer, the volcano erupts. Imagine shaking a soda bottle until the gas inside blows the cap off, and you can understand something of how a volcano erupts. If the magma is runny, and the gas can escape easily, the eruption is gentle. But if the magma is thick, the gas has to build up more pressure to escape. Then the eruption is explosive.When a volcano erupts, the molten rock that flows from it is called lava. The lava may run for some distance, or it may pile up near the volcano, making the mountain larger.During an explosive eruption, pieces of rock are thrown from the volcano. Scientists call these pyroclasts (火山碎屑). The smallest pyroclasts are called ash. Ash is often thrown into the atmosphere by the force of the eruption. Larger rocks, about walnut (胡桃) size, are called lapilli, Italian for “little stones”. The largest pyroclasts are called blocks if they are solid, or bombs if they are molten.Volcanoes have been a major force in the formation of our planet for thousands and thousands of years. Today geologists continually observe active volcanoes for signs of eruption. Using modern instruments, they are usually able to issue a warning before the volcano erupts.5The author explains how the volcano erupts by _.Amaking a comparisonBtelling a storyCusing figures Dasking questions解析：选A写作手法题。根据第三段“Imagine shaking a soda bottle until the gas inside blows the cap off, and you can understand something of how a volcano erupts.”可知，作者在说明火山怎样喷发时打了一个比方。6Whether the eruption is explosive depends on _.Athe temperature of the crustBwhether the magma is thickCwhether the magma is near the mantleDthe number of gas bubbles inside the magma解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段末三句“If the magma is runny . Then the eruption is explosive.”可知，火山喷发是否是爆发性的，取决于岩浆是否黏稠。其中的runny的意思是“松软的，有流动倾向的”。7We learn from Paragraph 5 that _.Aash is smaller than pyroclastsBbombs are about walnut sizeCblocks are larger than lapilliDlapilli exist in the atmosphere解析：选C细节理解题。根据第五段“The largest pyroclasts are called blocks .”可知，block是最大的火山碎屑，故选C项。8The passage is most probably taken from _.ANationalGeographicBEntertainmentWeeklyCHealthDTVGuide解析：选A文章出处题。该文介绍了火山的一些常识，最有可能从关于地理方面的杂志中摘选，故A项为正确答案。CSeeing a volcano erupt is a wonderf