英语修饰语及三大从句.ppt

英汉翻译 Translation of English Subordinate Clauses Review of Lecture I Comparative studies of English and Chinese Translation techniques Diction Amplification Omission Conversion Restructuring Passive voice vs. active voice Lecture II Translation of Subordinate Clauses Nominal clauses/appositive clauses Attributive/relative clauses Adverbial clauses Sample translations Exercises Translation of Chinese Sentences: stages and strategies CONTENTS Nouns and Nominal Clauses Appositive clauses Modifiers and Attributive Clauses/ relative clauses Adverbial Clauses nouns Countability and Number Proper and Common Nouns Abstract and Concrete Nouns Gender Numerals Possessive Case Pronouns 1. 用名词替代动词可以使行文和表意更为简洁， 这符合现代英语总的发展趋势。 Eric Partridge 认为，将动词转化为名词是英语极普遍、极有效 的构词方法。 Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge has given man the practical results of being able to shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by other man. 探索科学，也就是追求知识，使人类获得了避免 天灾人祸的能力。 I gave the situation a big think for about two seconds. The film is an absolute must-see. Another departure from the recent White House practices is the absence of dancing. If you step over to window 4, youd have a shorter wait. 2. 名词用作形容词 mood music moonlight stroll government views love match college bills all-night discussion 3. 成语名词替代短语动词： flunk-out 考试不及格 work-in 静坐罢工 walk-in 简易门诊部 walk-off 退席，退场 wipe-out 失败 set-up 组织，团体 lead-in创举，开篇 break-down 故障 upkeep 维修 Whoever comes to our public library will be welcome. 什么人到我们们公共图书馆图书馆 来都欢欢迎。 I understand that he is well qualified, but I feel that he needs more experience. 我知道他完全够够条件，但我觉觉得他需要更多经验经验 。 We have no definite information yet as to which route he will take. 关于他走哪条路线线，我们还们还 没有确切消息。 They are very suspicious of the assumption that he would rather kill himself than surrender. 对对于他宁可自杀杀也不投降的这这种假设设，他们们很怀怀疑 。 英语语名词词从句的译译法 The fact that the gravity of the earth pulls everything towards the center of the earth explains many things. 地球引力把一切东东西都吸向地心这这一事实实解释释了 许许多现现象。 An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the skylab should be sent back. 已下命令将现现在在航天实验实验 室的研究人员员送回来 。 翻译英语形容词时，要注意一下几点： 1. 汉语部分重叠式形容词是英语所没有的，英译 时只能采取近义词表达。例如： 乱蓬蓬的胡子 unkempt (scraggly) beard 1. 亮堂堂的 brightly lit 2. 绿油油的 rich green; glistening green 3. 冷冰冰的 ice cold 英语修饰语的译法 2. 注意比较下面词组的不同含义： A golden age/a gold watch; silken hair/ silk stockings A wooden face/ a wood floor; her pleasing manner/her pleased look I have time enough./I have enough time. He is sure of his own success. / He is sure to succeed. The late Mr. Smith/ He is late again. The proper thing to do/ China proper/ grammar proper The man responsible/ the responsible man 英语形容词的译法 意义载量较大的形容词的译法 Dawn met him well along the way. It was a pleasant uneventful ride. He had some cheerful wine at the party. She became a poor third in the English-speaking contest. The two ladies gave each other agegroup looks. 起“重心修饰”作用的形容词的译法 1. The chapter ensuing treats of the comparative application in predicting plot runoff. 2. A tiny staggerer came suddenly rocking into the yard. 3. Pressing down the button of the alarm-clock, he curled up for a last warm moment under the bed clothes. 4. Choosing a strategy to cope with the grown-up world, then, is the first decision young adults have to make, and usually the most important decision of their lifetime. 在矛盾修饰语中的形容词的译法 glorious defeat; sweet sorrow; walking corpse; mercy killing; cruelly kind; living death; open secret; busy idleness; painful pleasure; a cheerful pessimist; creative destruction; delicious tiredness; eloquent silent; conspicuous absence; 英语副词的译法 某些副词修饰形容词时可以表达丰富的信息，汉译 时要尽量多地传达信息，并尽量表达得自然流畅。 His history is unchallengedly true. The unbelievably beautiful scenery of that place attracts a lot of tourists every day. Few people consider her justifiably wrong. This fact is brutally true. 1. He is admittedly reliable. 2. We were pleasantly surprised at the profit we made. 3. He was a small man, deceptively frail-looking for one of his immense energy. 4. This plan is open to discussion budgetwise. 比较级的特殊翻译法 1. 比较级用作比喻：当形容词、副词的比较级用于不 同事物的比拟时，需要用表示比喻意义的词语进行翻 译。 Our village is not less beautiful than this picture. A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears. A causeless event or thing, we cannot think of any more than we can of a stick with only one end. Your father is not Lord Driver any more than my uncles president. 2.比较级用于委婉否定：表示委婉的批评，温和的责 备和含蓄的否定 You might have been more careful. I knew better than to more another leg. 3.比较级表示对照，对比某人或某物的不同特性或特 征，肯定前者，否定后者。 You got more nerve than brains! Your comment is more bravely made than correct. 4. 比较级表示强调 There is a woman like a dewdrop, shes so purer than the purest. 英 语 定 语 从 句 译 法 RBD the question is whether he works at all.他干多少并不重要，问题问题 是他到底有没有干。 u92When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping.他常常聚精会神地工作 ，这时这时 他会废废寝忘食。 u93He is a professor, as is clear from his manner.他是个教授，这这 可以从他的举举止明显显地看出来。 u94She tiptoed to the bed where the child lay asleep.孩子睡着了 ，她踮踮着脚尖走到他床前。 u95The thief, who was about to escape, was caught by the policemen. 小偷偷正要逃跑时时，被警察抓住了。 u96Electrical energy that is supplied to a lamp can be turned into light energy.当把电电供给电给电 灯时时，电电能就会变变成光能。 u97Nothing is difficult in the world for anyone, who dares to scale the height.世上无难难事，只要肯登攀。 u98He likes Miss Nancy, who despises him.尽管南希小姐讨厌讨厌 他， 他却很喜欢欢她。 u99She had a balance at her banks which would have made her beloved anywhere.她在银银行里的存款，足够够使她到处处受到欢欢迎。 u100As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.沙 漠似海，骆驼骆驼 似舟。 u101A bad book is the worse that cannot repent.一本坏书书因 为为无法消除其影响，所以更加有害。 u102I could understand his point of view, in that Id been in a similar position.我能理解他的观观点，因为为我自己也有过类过类 似的处处境。 u103The boy fell down from the ladder before he knew it.那 个男孩不知怎么就从梯子上摔了下来。 u104He has made what I am.我之有今日都是他给给的。 u105You are posted in what had preceded all this, but I was not.你 现现在已经经明白了这这件事的全部原委，但我当时时却全然不知。 u106I haunted all the meetings in London where debates followed lectures.伦伦敦的集会，凡是演讲结讲结 束后接着进进行辩论辩论 的，我都参加。 u107It is no time for me to hide anything.什么东东西都来不 及藏起来。 u108The fog made it difficult to calculate the distance.雾雾 大得看不出距离来。 u109Rumor has it that there will be war.谣传谣传 快要打 仗了。 u110To his superiors, he is humility itself. 他对长辈对长辈 十分 谦谦恭。 u111There was nothing of the student about him, but very much of the miner.他全不像学生，倒像个矿矿工。 u112He knows something of everything.他什么都知道一 点，但样样样样 都不精。 u113You are as wrong as wrong can be.你大错错而特错错。 u114The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.与其说说海洋把陆陆地分开，不如说说海洋把陆陆地连连在一起 。 u115You cannot be too careful.你越细细心越好。 u116That which is good cannot be done too soon.好事做 得越快越好。 u117There is no one but hopes to be rich.没有人不想发财发财 。 u118. He is not so sick but he can come to school.他并没病到不能 上学的程度。 u119The streets were so crowded that our car had to go very slowly.街上太拥挤拥挤 ，汽车车只能慢慢走。 u120It is more than probable that he will fail.十之八九，他会失败败 。 u121He