中考英语专题讲练推理判断题（含解析）.docx

推理题知识精讲一、推理题简介理解文章表面文字，依据文字信息，上下文逻辑关系及事物的发展变化，做出合理分析，判断和推理。二、推理题分类1. 写作意图推理题2. 态度推理题3. 结论推理题4. 出处推理题三、常见提问方式1. What is the main purpose (目的) in the third paragraph?2. We can make a conclusion from paragraph X that _.3. What can we infer (推断)/learn from the passage?4. The purpose in writing this text is to _.5. Whats the attitude (态度) of the author?6. The writer wants to tell us that _.7. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?8. From the last sentence of Paragraph X we can infer that _.9. The passage is most likely taken from _.10. Where would this passage most probably appear?四、解题技巧1. 写作意图推理题1). 段落写作意图: 定位段落首句/末句；段落之前/之后的一句话；2). 篇章写作意图：定位文章首段/末段；各段首句/末句；转折处及关键词；3). 举例写作意图：定位例子之前/之后的一句话，通常这些部分是例子被用来说明的观点。 2. 态度推理题1). 定位文章首末段的主旨句；2). 注意表示作者强烈感情色彩的形容词、副词；3). 注意作者提出的疑问句或举例方式，也可反映作者的态度。 3. 结论推理题1). 定位关键词(文章某一段落的首末句)，特别是含有may, might, but, however 的首末句，往往是推断的标准出处；2). 通常可排除带绝对概念的选项，如all, only, must 等；正确选项通常含有委婉语气的词汇，如may, might, possibly, probably, etc.3). 通常可排除和文章中句子完全相同的细节选项。 4. 出处推理题1). 线索：文章首末段，各段首末句，关键词，段落大标题；2). 常见文章出处：报纸：前文会出现日期，地点或通讯社名称；内容一般为名人故事，体育赛事，生活等。广告：文章常会出现价格，折扣，营业时间等。说明书：器皿，设备使用说明通常包含产品名称和使用方式；药品服用说明会介绍服用时间，次数和药量等。五、选项的特点1. 正确选项的特点1). 含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性； 2). 不会太绝对，有些留有余地的词汇：often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably, etc.；3). 正确选项有时反而与通过常识得到的结论相反，要留意。2. 干扰选项的特点 1). 只是原文简单复述， 而非推断出的结论；2).推论与原文事实部分相同，部分相悖；3).根据常识判断正确，然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理出的结论；4).以文章事实或上下文逻辑为依据，但推理过度，概括过度；5).部分选项内容纯属胡编乱造。三点剖析一、考点：推理题主要考查学生在理解全文或者段落的基础上运用逻辑思维，对文章信息进行分析、判断、推理的能力。通常包括词义句意、写作意图、作者态度、结论、出处五种推理形式。其总体难度：较难。分值比重：在中考阅读理解试题中所占比例为10%-20%。二、补充点：推理判断试题属于深层阅读理解题。它要求考生尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上，严格按照作者提供的信息推断出作者的言外之意。这种题目有一定难度，解答时必须根据上下文及相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等文外之意加以推理。解此类题目可从以下几方面入手：1. 根据常识判断。即解题时，除弄清文意外，还需借助生活常识、风土人情、传说掌故、名人轶事等进行判断。2. 根据知识判断。即解题时，运用一些一般性知识，如天文、地理、文学、艺术、科技等自然科学和社会科学知识。3. 根据计算判断。即解题时，运用一些数学知识进行和差、面积、体积、速度等方面的运算。4. 根据情节判断。即解题时，从情节所提供的基本事实出发，寻找一定规律，如时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据。这种题目最容易出现，考生要从时间、地点、事件的情节安排与发展中，深入探讨其逻辑关系及隐喻、引申等因素。题模精选题模一：写作意图推理题例1.1.1Have you ever wondered what goes through your mind when you choose where to sit in a new classroom? . (首段)Move out of your comfort zone. Go and sit next to someone different. Start a conversation. Thats how we make friends. Thats how we learn about people. Thats how we open our minds to new ideas. Thats how we live an exciting life. (末段)1. What is the purpose of the passage?ATo tell us just to be ourselves in social life.BTo introduce ways to learn about the world.CTo explain how people communicate with others.DTo encourage us to meet people of different kinds.例1.1.2a new belief has arisen: the idea that personality is related to ones ABO blood type. People with blood type A, for example, are considered more likely to be serious, hard-working, and quiet, while people with blood type O are likely to be popular and outgoing, yet often unable to finish what they start.1. The writer uses blood type Aand O as an example to explain _.Athe difference between to two blood typesBthe relationship between the two blood typesCthe connection between personality and blood typeDthe influence of blood type on ones behavior题模二：态度推理题例1.2.1 Also new systems of transportation can be expensive. “But its coming,” he says. “The trend of the empowered city will be here soon.” Golden especially believes in the future of electric cars that have sensors (传感器) to understand the world around them. Golden remains positive about the future. (末段)1. What is Goldens attitude to the future of the transportation?AHopefulBWorriedCUncertainDCareful题模三：结论推理题例1.3.1According to James, this obsession with getting top marks has been a bad development, which encourages people to think of education in terms of work and money. Creating happy citizens who have good social skills is seen as more important than high achievements at school or the needs of business. And he is looking for schools where students are encouraged to find and follow their own interests and inspiration does not come from endlessly revising for tests or getting worried about them .1. The writer wants to tell us that _.Alearning happily is the key to self-development.Btop marks may be helpful to increase ones interest.Ctests should be improved to give children inspiration.Deducation should meet ones needs for word and money.例1.3.2The right name is important in the business world.(首段) Many companies spend a lot of money to find the right name for their products. The Ford Mustang and the Jaguar are only two examples of choosing the names of animals that are fast and strong. (P2) Finding the right brand name is a big business. (P3) These companies can charge (要价) up to $100,000 a word for their creations. But its worth it. Successful companies know how important the right brand names are for their development. (末段)1. What can we learn from the passage?AMany companies care about the cost of finding the right namesBCreative trade names can help companies to have a larger saleCThe government often does business with naming companiesDIt is considered necessary for cars to be names after animals题模四：出处推理题例1.4.1Free soft drinkBuy any meal for at least 6 yuan at Mikes cafe and receive a free soft drink. We serve the best hamburgers and snacks in the mall. Come in and try our delicious meals and our excellent service. Free soft drink offer ends on November12.Buy one, get one freeBuy one shirt at LOTTE Marts Menswear(男士专柜), and get another shirt of the same value free. You can choose any tie here, then we will give you another one at no cost. Hurry! Offer ends on November10% OffShow this ticket at Xinhua Bookstore to get a 10% discount on any book you buy. We have lots of books to choose from, including childrens books, novels, travel guides and hobbies. You are sure to find something that youll enjoy. Shop now for Christmas.6 Hours Free ParkingIf you spend 100 yuan or more in RT-Mart, you will receive six hours of free parking. When you have spent 100 yuan or more, just take this ticket that you pay for your goods to the service desk. They will stamp(盖章) your parking ticket to allow 6 hours of free parking.1. The information above is probably takes from _.Aa sport reportBa story bookCan advertisement posterDa fashion magazine随堂练习随练1.1Chen Guangbiao was born in Jiangsu in July,1968. He is the chairperson of a company in Jiangsu. Now he is one of Chinas richest men and he has donated a great amount of money to charity projects. He says he will donate everything he has to charity after he dies.When people are in need of help, he will appear at once. He helped people during the Wenchuan earthquake, the Yunnan earthquake and the Taiwan earthquake. He also gave a helping hand in Japans earthquake. He has built many Hope Primary Schools to support the education in poor areas.He doesnt do charity for honor. He wants to encourage more people to make contributions to charity. After announcing he would donate everything to charity after his death, many businesses, overseas(海外)Chinese people and common people encouraged by him have also promised to do something for charity.As a philanthropist(慈善家),he is asked for help every day. Sometimes he gets very tired, but he has never stopped caring.So far, he has received a lot of awards, including Pioneer of the Year, and National May Day Labour Medal(全国五一劳动奖章).He is considered as one of chinas top philanthropists.1. The article is probably taken from _.Aa newspaperBa novelCa detective storyDa science book2. He says he will donate _ to charity after he dies.AnothingBsome schoolsCeverything he hasDhis whole company3. What does he do charity for?AHe wants to do charity for money.BHe wants to do charity for pleasure.CHe wants to ask people to help him.DHe wants to encourage more people to contribute to charity.4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?AHe is from Jiangsu.BHe has visited many countries.CHe has helped people in need.DHe has got a lot of awards.5. Which do you think is the best title for the passage?AEarthquakes.BHope Primary Schools.CPioneer of the Year.DPhilanthropist Chen Guangbiao随练1.2Water is a limited natural resource that must be protected; it is limited in many places. Even if you live in an area with enough rainfall, using water uses energy to process (加工) it. Here are some tips on saving water at home.Install a water meter(安装水表).You might be very surprised to find out how much water you are actually using. By installing a water meter you can raise your attention so that you will reduce your water use.Many water meters have a small wheel that turns quite rapidly if any water at all is running. If you are sure all your water is turned off and you see this wheel moving at all, you have a leak (漏水).Take shorter showers.Take showers rather than baths. By taking a bath you are using up to 100 liters of water! Showering will generally use less than a third of this amount.Catch the cold water that comes out of the tap or shower while you are waiting for the hot water.Use it to water plants or pour into your toilet reservoir.Turn the tap off while you are brushing your teeth, shaving, washing your hands, doing dishes, and so on.Turn the tap off when you shower, too. Get wet, then turn off the water while you soap up. Turn it back on for long enough to wash. Look for a twist vale that is installed behind your shower head to keep the water temperature where you set it while the water is off.Wash full loads.Wait until you have a full load of clothes before you wash a load. Dont wash a pair of pants just because you want to wear the same pair of pants the next day! When washing your clothes, be sure to use the economy mode and this will save you both water and electricity!1. If you install a water meter, you can _.Akeep the water runningBstop the water runningCsave both water and electricityDraise attention to use less water2. By taking a shower you can save about _water.A30 litersB60 litersC100 litersD300 liters3. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?AYou have a leak if the wheel of the water meter is moving.BYou should wait to have as many clothes as possible before washing.CWhen showering, you should soap up while the water keeps running.DYou are encouraged to use more water in the area with enough rainfall.4. The writer writes this passage to_.Aexplain to us how valuable water isBtell us the ways of using water at homeCask us to do what he says in the passageDgive us some advice on saving water at home随练1.3选择性阅读D篇Most kids hate doing housework. However, not all hope is lost. There are some things that you can do to get your kids to help you clean your house. If you are struggling with the chores (家务杂事) and need your kids to help you, take a look at some of the creative ways in this article. If you are dealing with older kids, you may want to try the allowancedeal. You can give your kids a list of chores that need to be done each week. If they complete these chores, you can give them some money. You can also break the list down and tell them they will get so much for each chore that is finished. Older kids, who like to do things on weekends or buy things like video games, will work hard to complete their chores and earn their money. This is also teaching them duty. This is teaching them that they must work for what they want. If you are dealing with younger kids, you may want to go with the rewards chart (奖励图表). This is where you design a chart and list their chores on the chart. For each chore they complete, you can put a red flower beside it. For the rewards, you also can do a number of things like going to the park, going out to eat, buying a DVD or something similar. The rewards would be up to you because you know what your kids like.For real small kids, you can turn it into a game. When kids were much younger, you can teach them to dance around and sing as you cleaned. The kids loved it and would do a wonderful job at picking up their toys. So, consider turning cleaning into a game for the real small kids.(1)52. What does the underlined word “allowance” in Paragraph Two mean?A. Good words given by parents.B. Business that needs studying.C. Explanation of responsibility.D. Small change given by parents.(2)53. The older kids must be made to know.A. that doing everyday housework is their dutyB. what they want can be realized by workingC. they can get a little money without workingD. all the work given them must be done at a time(3)54. You draw a sign on the chart to praise.A. the younger kidsB. the older childrenC. the really small kidsD. the hard-working kids(4)55. What can we learn from this passage?A. Most kids hate doing housework to get money.B. All the kids like doing housework on weekends.C. Parents decide what kind of reward their kids need.D. The younger kids neednt be given any rewards.自我总结课后作业作业1New Technology Revolutionizes(变革) LearningMore and more people believe that technologies are great for learning. Today, such teaching tools as iPads are used in a lot of courses, including language, history and science.Many teachers are supporters of using iPads in language learning. They say that students now have much more time for discussion in the classroom. Instead of spending valu able class time listening to texts or watching teaching videos, students can do this on their own and come to class prepared for discussion.The teachers also say that iPads allow students to learn at their own pace. Some students might listen to a dialogue only once and understand it, so they can save time for doing other things. Other students, however, might need to listen to the same dialogue again and again to understand it. Using iPads is especially helpful to students who are learning a language at different paces.The students who are using the new tool in some courses are also happy. They believe that using iPads is a more enjoyable way to learn (such as listening to stories and watching movies). The class has become much more interesting and creative.There are other advantages for students. By using iPads, they can pay more attention to the material and learn more. Teaching notes are stored in their iPads and are easy to find .Some students spend more time studying now. “I can listen to my language material or watch teaching videos on the bus, instead of having to wait until I get home,” a student explained.Many adults complain that technologies such as iPads are doing harm to students. They worry that students might use iPads to download teaching notes and use them to cheat during exams. Some believe that iPads may separate students from each other. If a student spends more time watching videos on an iPad, he will have fewer opportunities to have face-to-face communication with others.However, technologies are already a part of most students day-to-day lives. As for cheating, teachers can ask students to hand in their iPads when they take exams. Education needs to make changes with the times as technology is playing an important part. We should look forward to a wonderful future when iPads and other technologies can add a lot to the classroom.1. What does the expre ssion “at their own pace” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?AAccording to their own timetable.BWithout their teachers help.CBecause of their wonderful goals.DAgainst their parents hope.2. From the passage we can learn that _.Astudents with iPads have less discussion in classBstudents get more fun from learning with iPadsCiPads help students save time waiting for busesDiPads prevent students from cheating in exams3. The writer probably agrees that _.Ateachers can take control of students learningBexam results depend a lot on now technologyCtechnology in education has a bright futureDnote-taking is as helpful as video-watching作业2选择性阅读C篇The most interesting thing to see in Malaysia is the ever-increasing number of festivals held around the country. Made up of traditional cultural celebrations, religious (宗教的) holidays and modern sporting or cultural events, Malaysias festivals mean theres always a party to be found.More traditional events, such as World Kite Festival, the Magic of the Night and the Lantern Festivalto name just a fewall appear in many calendars around the nation. Traditional religious celebrations, such as Chinese New Year and Christmas, are also popular in Malaysia and are celebrated across different cultures and backgrounds.The greatest event of the years calendar for any food lover will be the Malaysia Gourmet Festival, held throughout chosen hotels in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur.One of the most popular of these new additions is the Malaysia Year End Sale, which runs from November through to early January. All around the nation therere cheaper sales.When it comes to the celebrations, Malaysians are some of the most generous (慷慨的) people in the world. During many of the years important events, Malaysians will open their homes to friends, families and strangers (including tourists) in a tradition known as “Rumah Terbuka” or “Open House”. Attending an Open House is a great opportunity to join the Malaysian, make friends and enjoy delicious local food. The government or local groups will also somet