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人教版英语必修四Unit 3 A taste of English humour 重难点Teaching goals 教学目标1. Target language 目标语言a. 重点词汇和短语theme park, provide . with . , amuse oneself, various, a variety of, shuttle, charge . for, admission, make a profit, souvenir, base on, involve . in, athletic, brand, equipment, sneakers, come to life, minority, fantasy, get close to, settlers, take an active part in, experiment, advanced, techniqueb 重点句子1) In these parks, people sit chatting, play games, listen to birds singing, or just relax a bit.2) They are such huge places that visitors often use shuttles to get around.3) The big companies that own theme parks expect to make a profit not just by the charges for admission, but also by selling souvenirs in their shops and advertising them on television.4) The park is named after Walt Disney, the famous film maker.5) Disneyland has exciting rides, visits to castles and chances to get close to life-size cartoon figures.2. Ability goals 能力目标Enable the students to know something about the various theme parks all over the world, to understand the difference between a theme park and a traditional park and try to finish the comprehending exercises.3. Learning ability goals 学能目标Learn how to generalize and compare the similarities and differences.Teaching important points 教学重点To solve the questions in Comprehending, and let the students find out the main idea of each paragraph, give a summary of the text.Teaching difficult points 教学难点How to give a general instruction/ description of a place.【重要词汇拓展】1 humour n.幽默humorous adj.幽默的2 content adj.满足的,满意的 n.满足;内容 v.使满足contented/satisfied(同义词)3 performer n.表演者,演出者perform v.表演;做,履行,执行performance n.表演,履行,成绩4 astonish v.使惊讶astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 astonished adj.感到惊讶的astonishment n.惊讶5 fortunate adj.幸运的fortune v.幸运,运气 unfortunate adj.不幸的fortunately adv.幸运地unfortunately adv.不幸地6 depressed adj.忧伤的,抑郁的,消沉的,萧条的depress-v使消沉, 使沮丧, 愁苦,使贬值, 7.ordinary adj.平常的,普通的8.bored adj.厌烦的bore v.使厌烦boring adj.令人厌烦的9.entertain v.使欢乐,款待entertaining adj.愉快的,有趣的entertainment n.款待;娱乐,消遣10. throughout prep.遍及,贯穿adv.到处,始终,全部11.homeless-adj 无家可归的,12.worn-adj 用旧的,用坏的,破烂的 wear 穿戴13. overcome v.战胜,克服14. convince v.使信服convincing adj.令人信服的convinced adj.相信的,信服的15. direct v.导演,指示,指挥 adj.直的,直接的director n.导演,指挥directly adv.直地,直接地direction n.指导,方向16.enjoyment n享乐,欢乐,乐趣 17.outstanding adj.突出的,杰出的,显著的18.particular adj.特殊的,特别的particularly adv.特殊地,特别地19 occasion n.时刻,场合occasional adj.偶尔的,临时的occasionally adv.偶尔地,有时地20. slide v./n.滑动,滑行21.amuse v.使发笑,使愉快amused adj.愉快的amusing adj.逗人发笑的,令人愉快的amusement n.愉快,快乐22. whisper v./n.耳语,低声说23、react v.做出反应,回应reaction n.反应,回应 【重点短语梳理】1Break into 闯入,进入2up to now 直到现在3brighten the lives of 照亮某人的生活道路4feel/be content with 对满足5badly off 穷的,缺少的 6In search of 寻找.7pick out 挑选出,辨认出8on the edge of 在边沿9cut off 切断,断绝10In silence沉默,不作声11. make use of 使用12.be angry about 对很生气13.star in 担任主角,主演 【重点句型再现】 1 He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.在人们感到沮丧的时候,卓别林使他们开怀大笑,于是人们对自己的生活感到比较满足。2 No one was ever bored watching himhis subtle acting made everything entertaining.看他的表演没有人会感到无聊他巧妙的表演使得一切都那么滑稽可笑。3 Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountian during a snowstorm with nothing to eat.相反,他们被暴风雪困在山边的一个小木屋中,没有任何东西可吃。【单词解析】1、slidesladvt. &vi.(使)滑动;(使)滑行 n. 滑;滑动;幻灯片【巧记提示】 slide(滑行)glide(流水),在流水上滑行。【经典例句】 The book slid off my knee.书从我膝上滑落。【考点聚焦】 1)过去式:slid;过去分词:slid或slidden;现在分词:sliding。2)与slide相关的一些短语:slide into(渐渐地;不知不觉地)进入;陷入(某种状态);let.slide对放任不管;听任自然发展3)作“滑”讲时,slide与slip,glide的区别:slide在一个光滑的表面持续地滑动; slip常指意外而不自主地滑动;glide与slide同义,但另有“滑翔”之意。2、content ktent adj.满足的;满意的 n. 满足 vt. 使满足【巧记提示】 content(满意的)context(文章脉络),对文章脉络满意。【经典例句】 Her answer seems to content the teacher.看来老师对她的回答很满意。【考点聚焦】 1)近义词: contented;反义词:discontent2)与content相关的一些词组:be (feel)content with以为满足;content oneself with 满意于;满足于;be well content to do sth.非常乐意做某事3)content作动词时的用法:content + to do sth.,如:She was not content to remain at home.她不满足于待在家里。content + that从句,如:Im more than content that theyve done everything I asked.他们做了我要他们做的一切,对此我心满意足。4)content 作名词,除了“满足;满意”,还有“容量;含量;题材;内容;要旨”的意思。content作名词时的读音是ktent。4、astonish t vt. 使惊讶【巧记提示】 as(像)+tonish(时髦的),像这样的时髦让人惊讶。【经典例句】 Im astonished that he didnt pass the exam.他考试没有及格,这使我感到很惊讶。【考点聚焦】 1)同义词:amaze,surprise;名词:astonishment惊讶,固定搭配:to ones astonishment让某人惊讶的是 2)与astonish相关的一些用法:be astonished at sth.对某事感到惊讶,如:He was astonished at the news.他听到这个消息感到很吃惊。be astonished to see / learn.看到 / 得知感觉很惊讶,如:He was astonished to see his father here.在这里见到他父亲他感到很吃惊。be astonished + that从句,如:We are all greatly astonished (that)she has failed.她失败了,我们很惊讶。3)形容词astonished与astonishing的区别:astonished感到惊讶的,指人的主观感受;astonishing令人惊讶的,指事物本身的特征。5、particular pt adj.特殊的;特别的 n.细节;细目【巧记提示】 particular(特殊的)participant(参与者),特殊的参与者。【经典例句】 Id like you to give us full particulars of what happened.我希望你能为我们提供事情的全部详情。【考点聚焦】 1)近义词:special;副词:particularly特别地2)与particular相关的一些词组:in particular 特别;尤其be particular about 对于(过于)讲究的;挑剔的;苛求的3)particular作形容词时与special的区别:special 常指一般场合下的“特殊”,较普通;particular 常可与special通用,但含有个别的意味,强调特殊场合下的特殊情况。6、throughout ruat prep.遍及;贯穿 adv. 到处;始终;全部【巧记提示】 through(彻底)+ out(外面的)【经典例句】 Words and images are being sent throughout the world by mobile phones.文字和图像正通过移动电话传遍全世界。【考点聚焦】 1)作介词时,常见的搭配有:我的记忆卡throughout the day 整天throughout ones life 终生throughout history 在整个历史上throughout the century 整个世纪throughout the country(遍及)全国throughout the night 整个晚上2)throughout 作副词时,常用于句尾。如:The house is painted throughout.这所房子全部油漆了一遍。7、failure felj n. 失败(者);破产;不及格【巧记提示】 fail(失败)+- ure(名词后缀)【经典例句】 Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。【考点聚焦】 1)反义词:success ;动词:fail 失败2)与fail相关的一些词组:fail in失败;不及格;不足;缺乏fail + to do sth.(表示否定)不能;没有,如:I failed to persuade him.= I failed in persuading him.我没能说服他。without fail 必定;务必3)形容词failing 与failed的区别:failing指“失败中的;不及格的;减弱(或衰退)中的”,如:failing marriage瓦解中的婚姻;failing health每况愈下的健康状况;failed指“失败了的;不成功的;破产了的;倒闭了的”,如:a failed candidate 落选的候选人;a failed firm 倒闭的公司 8、overcome vkm vt. & vi.战胜;克服;征服【巧记提示】 over(越过)+ come(到达),越过困难,到达胜利。【经典例句】 We should learn to overcome difficulties.我们应该学会克服困难。【考点聚焦】 1)overcome常用在被动语态中表示“(感情等)压倒;使受不了”。常和by,with搭配。如:The child was overcome by weariness and slept.孩子疲倦之极,睡着了。He was overcome with astonishment.他惊异万状。2)over-作前缀时可表示以下含义:过度;太甚,如:overstudy 用功过度;overtalk过分多言在上;在外;从上;越过,如:overbridge 天桥;overcoat 外衣;overfly 飞跃;oversea(s)海外颠倒;反转,如:overthrow 推翻;overturn 倾倒;倾覆3)overcome的过去式和过去分词分别是overcame 和overcome;现在分词是 overcoming。9、fortunate ftnt adj.幸运的;吉利的【巧记提示】 fortun(e)(财富;运气)+ -ate(形容词后缀)【经典例句】 I was fortunate to have passed the exam.我能通过这次考试真是幸运。【考点聚焦】 1)近义词:lucky;反义词: unfortunate;名词:fortune运气;命运;财富;副词:fortunately幸运地;幸亏2)与fortunate相关的一些用法:be fortunate in 在方面很幸运如:He was fortunate in having such nice friends.他真幸运,有这样好的朋友。fortunate + to do sth.如:You are very fortunate to have found such a pleasant house.你真幸运,找到这么好的房子。fortunate + that 从句,如:Its very fortunate (that)we have Emma here.真幸运,爱玛和我们在一起。10、mouthful mafl adj.一口;满口【巧记提示】 mouth(口)+ful(形容词后缀)【经典例句】 I took only a mouthful of food and then went to school.我只吃了一口饭就上学去了。【考点聚焦】 1)名词: mouth口;嘴; mouth 的复数形式是mouths,读音是 。2)-ful是一个后缀,加在名词之后,表示“充满的”。类似的还有handful,cupful,dishful,spoonful,boatful,houseful,armful等。11、direct d(a)rekt vt. & vi.导演;指示;指挥adj. 径直的;直接的;直率的 adv. 直接地【巧记提示】 direct(指挥)correct(正确的),指挥是正确的。【经典例句】 He directed many Shakespearean plays in London.他在伦敦导演过许多莎士比亚的戏剧。【考点聚焦】 1)近义词:straight;反义词:(作形容词时)indirect名词:direction 方向;方面;director 指导者;directory 姓名地址录副词:directly直接地2)direct作动词时的一些用法:direct + 宾语 + 不定式,如:The general directed the troops to attack.将军命令部队进攻。direct + that 从句,如:The general directed that an advance (should)be made the next morning.将军命令部队第二天早上向前推进。3)副词direct与directly的区别:direct的意思是径直地、直接地。如:You must go direct to see a doctor.你必须直接去看医生。(意思是不要耽搁)directly着重对事物的直接影响,不着重实际距离。如:She has never spoken directly about Tom.她从不直接谈论汤姆。(意思是她较为含蓄)12、star st(r)vt. & vi.标上星号【经典例句】 Ive starred the important articles to read.我已经给要阅读的重要文章标了星号。【考点聚焦】 1)star作动词时的其他一些用法:演主角;主演,如:She is to star in a new film.她将在一部新影片中出任主角。(常用被动语态)用星(星状物)装饰,如:There is a lawn starred with white flowers in her garden. 她的花园里有一块草地,草地上星星点点地长着白花。2)star 的过去式和过去分词都是starred;现在分词是starring。fortune ftun n. 富有;财富;运气;幸运【巧记提示】 for(因为)+tune(和谐),因为和谐所以幸运。【经典例句】 Fortune smiled on us.幸运之神垂青我们。【考点聚焦】 1)和 fortune相关的一些词组:have good (bad)fortune 运气好(不好);make ones fortune 发财;发迹2)fortune 作“财富;财产”解时是可数名词;作“运气;幸运”解时是不可数名词。13、swing sw vt. & vi.摇摆;摆动;旋转 n. 秋千;摇摆;摆动【巧记提示】 s+wing(翅膀),摆动像蛇(s)一样的翅膀。【经典例句】 The lamp swung in the wind.灯在风中摇摆。【考点聚焦】 1)swing作动词时,常常用swing + 宾语 + 副词介词的结构。如:They swung themselves down from the top of the wall.他们从墙头翻下。2)swing的过去式和过去分词都是swung;现在分词是swinging。【短语解析】1、bump into 碰;撞;偶然遇见【巧记提示】 bump(撞击)+into(进入)碰【经典例句】 In the dark,I bumped into a chair.黑暗中,我撞上了椅子。【考点聚焦】 1)作“遇见”解时,近义词组knock into,come across。2)bump既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词。作不及物动词,表示“碰,撞”时,后面常跟against或into。That truck bumped our car.那辆卡车撞了我们的车。 (及物动词)Her arm bumped against the table.她的胳膊撞上了桌子。2、at times有时候【巧记提示】 at(在)+times(次数),在一定的次数有时【经典例句】 I found physics difficult to understand at times.我发现物理有时很难理解。【考点聚焦】 1)近义词:sometimes2)与time相关的一些词组:我的记忆卡at one time一度;过去曾经at a time一次;每次或 “在某个时候”at all times一直;无论何时,相当于at any times。at the same time同时;但(与此同时),尽管如此at the / that time 那时候3、badly off 穷的;缺少的【巧记提示】 badly(严重地)off(隔断),严重地隔断缺少的【经典例句】 The school was then badly off for teachers.当时学校缺少教师。【考点聚焦】 1)反义词 :well off 富裕的;富有的;富有的;有许多的,比较级:worse off (境况更差),worse off的反义词:better off(境况更佳)2)比较级worse off和better off常常与than,rather than 搭配使用。如:I went to his home and found his living condition was worse off than mine.4、on the edge of 在边缘【巧记提示】 on(在上)the+edge(为沿)of(的)【经典例句】 He sat on the edge of a chair.他坐在椅子的边缘。【考点聚焦】 1)近义词组 :on the border of2)on the edge of还可引申为“即将;濒于”。如:She was on the edge of screaming at the sight of a snake.一看到蛇,她几乎叫起来。3) -edged表示“有刃(或锋)的,有边(或棱)”的。如:a sharp-edged blade(锋利的刀刃);a blue-edged handkerchief(蓝边的手绢)5、pick up拿起;捡起;拾起【巧记提示】 pick(捡)up(起)【经典例句】 He picked up his book and began to read.他拿起书开始读。【考点聚焦】 1)反义词组:put down(放下)2)pick up除了“拿起;捡起;拾起”外,还有一些其他含义,如:We picked up the conversation from where we had left it.我们从中断的地方重新开始会谈。(重新开始,继续)The train stopped to pick up passengers.火车停下来搭乘客。(用车接人或物,中途搭乘)6、cut off 切断;断绝【巧记提示】 cut(切)off(隔断)【经典例句】 She cut off my apology.她打断了我的道歉。【考点聚焦】 1)cut的过去式和过去分词都是cut,现在分词是cutting。2)与cut相关的一些词组:我的记忆卡cut across 抄近路穿过;取捷径通过cut down 砍倒;削减;减少cut sb.short 打断某人(的话)cut sth.short 剪(切、割等)短某物;使某事缩短;使某事中断7、star in 担任主角;主演【巧记提示】 star(演主角;主演)+ in(在里)【经典例句】 He starred in dozens of films during his lifetime.他一生主演过几十部电影。【考点聚焦】 1)同义词组:play the lead in。2)star也可作及物动词,意为“以为主角”。如:The director wanted to star her in the new film.导演想让她在这部新影片中担任主角。8、knock into 撞上;撞见;偶然遇见【巧记提示】 knock(碰;撞)into(进入)【经典例句】 He knocked into his teacher in the street yesterday.昨天在大街上他偶然遇到了他的老师。【考点聚焦】1)同义词组:bump into,run into,come across表示“(偶然)遇见”,还可用以下形式表达:happen to meet.,meet.by chance,chance to meet.2)除了表示“偶然遇见”外,knock into还表示“撞着某人(物)”。如:The boy ran for the ball and knocked into a man.这个男孩跑过去接球,撞着一个人。9、deal with对付;应付;处理;安排【巧记提示】 deal(处理)+with (用)【经典例句】 Deal with a man as he deals with you.以其人之道,还治其人之身。【考点聚焦】 1)近义词组 :do with2)deal with还有其他含义:和打交道,与交往,如:The teachers should deal fairly with their students.老师应公平对待学生。论述,涉及,如:The book deals with ancient Greece.这本书论述到古希腊。3)deal with与 do with的区别:do with也可表示“处理;安排”,常常与can / could 连用。但与疑问词连用时,do with应使用what连用,而deal with与how连用。【句子剖析拓展】 1、Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin,bumping into someone else round a corner,or falling down a hole in the road?当你看到有人踩上香蕉皮滑倒,或看到有人在拐角处撞到另人身上,或看到有人掉进路中的一个洞里时,你会觉得滑稽可笑吗?【剖析】 1)这个句子是一般疑问句。it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是 to see someone sliding on a banana skin,bumping into someone else round a corner,or falling down a hole in the road。其中,sliding.,bumping.,falling.都是动词的-ing形式,用作宾语补足语。2)当动词不定式作句子的宾语,同时有一个形容词同宾语在一起时,我们常用it 作形式宾语。这个句子包含两个短语结构:1)find it.to do 意为“发现做(某事)很”。2)see sb.doing sth.“看见某人做某事”。在一些表示感官和心理状态的动词,如see,notice,hear,find等后面,通常用动词-ing 形式或不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。动词-ing 形式常表示动作正在进行。2、However,some actors can astonish us with the deep feelings they can inspire in us for a character they are playing.不管怎样,有些演员能用他们所演的角色在我们身上鼓动起来的深深情感震撼我们。【剖析】 这个句子中有两个定语从句:第一个they can inspire in us.修饰the deep feeling;第二个they are playing修饰 a character。【拓展】1)动词inspire的用法:inspire sb.(with sth.)用鼓舞某人inspire sth.in sb.激起某人心中的某事(情感)inspire sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事2)形容词inspired 与inspiring的区别:inspired 指“得到灵感的;受到鼓舞的”,指人的内心感受;inspiring指“鼓舞人心的”,指事物本身的特征。3、He became famous for using a particular form of acting,including mime and farce.他因为使用一种特殊的表演风格而闻名,这种风格包括哑剧和轻喜剧。【剖析】 1)这是一个简单句。using a particular form of acting,including mime and farce作介词for的宾语。其中的including mime and farce可看作是表示补充说明的介词短语。2)including一般看作是介词,including短语可位于句首或句末,也可位于句中。【拓展】 be famous for 与be famous as的区别:be famous for 因为而出名,如:The place is famous for green tea.这个地方以绿茶而出名。be famous as 作为而出名,如:He was famous as a leading scientist.他作为首席科学家而闻名。4、This character was a social failure but he was loved by all who watched the films for his determination in overcoming difficulties and being kind even when people were unkind to him.这个角色是个社会生活中的失败者,但是所有观众都喜爱这个角色,因为他有战胜困难的决心并能善待不善待他的人。【剖析】 1)这是由but 引导的表示转折关系的并列句。在but分句中又包含一个由who引导的定语从句和一个由when引导的时间状语从句。2)but分句中by短语和for短语都可看成是谓语动词be loved的搭配,分别交代了他被谁爱戴以及为什么被爱戴。其中,for的宾语是his determination in overcoming difficulties 和 being kind even when people were unkind to him。5、He makes it seem as if it were one of the most delicious meals that he has ever enjoyed.他把吃皮鞋的情景表演得像是他吃过的最香的一顿饭。【剖析】1)句中as if引导的从句作表语从句,意为“仿佛;好像”,用了虚拟语气。2)that he has ever enjoyed是定语从句,修饰meals。在这个句子中,因为meals被最高级the most delicious 修饰,所以只能用that,不能用which。【拓展】1)as if从句中的内容有时有主观想像或夸大性的比喻,此时从句中常用虚拟语气。其时态用法如下:从句情况发生在主句之前,用过去完成时。如:He looks as if he had met a ghost.他看起来像见了鬼似的。从句情况与主句同时发生,用一般过去时或过去进行时。如:He talks to me as if he were/was my leader.他跟我说起话来就好像他是我的领导似的。从句情况发生在主句之后,用过去将来时。如:The black sky looks as if it would fall.漆黑的天空好像是要塌下来似的。注意:如果从句的内容发生的可能性很大,则不需要用虚拟语气。2)that在定语从句中可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。注意在下面几种情况下必须用that 引导定语从句:先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything 等。如:All that we have to do is to practise every day.我们每天必须都做的就是练习。先行词被序数词和形容词最高级所修饰。如:The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.我永远不会忘记我学的第一课。先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。如:I have read all the books (that)you gave me.我读完了你给我的所有的书。先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last 修饰时。如:He is the only person that I want to talk to.他是我惟一想交谈的人。先行词既有人又有物时。如:They talked of things and persons that they remembered.他们谈起了记忆中的人和事。当句中已有who时,为避免重复。如:Who is the man that is talking to John?那个和约翰说话的人是谁?用作关系代词,修饰表示时间的名词如day,time,moment 等,代替when。例如:It happened on the day that / when I was born.这件事发生在我出生的那天。6、How hungry would you have to be to eat a shoe?要吃鞋子充饥,这该是饿到什么程度了?【剖析】 这是一个特殊疑问句。主句是How hungry would you have to be,动词不定式短语to eat a shoe用作结果状语。【拓展】 句中的you是泛指,相当于a person,anyone,one,意思是“任何一个人”。如:You have to be careful with people you dont know.对陌生人要小心。【语法剖析】动词-ing形式作表语动名词作表语一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作,表语和主语的位置可以互换。如:Her duty is taking care of the babies.(= Taking care of the babies is her duty.)照看婴儿是她的职责。我们知道,不定式也同样可以作句子的表语,所表达的意义也非常接近,但两者也有一定的区别:一般说来,动名词多表示一般行为和状态,而不定式则强调具体某次动作以及将来要发生的动作。怎样区别作表语的现在分词和动名词? 动名词和现在分词构成形式一样(都是在动词词尾加-ing),且均可在句中作表语。究竟是现在分词还是动名词在句中作表语呢?下面介绍几种辨别的方法。(1)倒置法将句中的主语和表语位置互换,谓语不动,若新组成的句子与原句意思相符,句中v.-ing形式就是动名词。否则,就是现在分词。例如:His job is teaching English他的工作是教英语。His job is interesting他的工作有趣。互换位置后成为:Teaching English is his job.(“教英语是他的工作。”与原句意思相符,且句子通顺。第一句中的teaching是动名词作表语。)Interesting is his job.(句子意思不成立,与原句意思更不相符。故原句中的interesting应为现在分词。)(2)加入法在表语前加上副词very,so或more,most等。句子通顺、意思明确者,为现在分词。否则,为动名词。如:My job is interestingMy job is very interesting(句子成立)故interesting为现在分词。My job is teaching EnglishMy job is very(so)teaching English(句子不成立)故teaching是动名词作表语。同理,我们还可以在表语后加个能作宾语的词,若句子成立应为动名词,否则,为现在分词。如:My job is teaching EnglishMy job is teaching you English句子成立,teaching为动名词。My job is interestingMy job is interesting you(加you后的句子不成立,故句中的interesting为现在分词。)(3)提问法 能用how对表语提问的是现在分词,反之是动名词;能用what对表语提问的是动名词,反之,为现在分词。如:My job is interestingHow is your job?用how提问,句意通顺,故表语是现在分词。My job is teaching EnglishWhat is your job?用what对表语提问,句意通顺,故表语是动名词。动词-ing形式作定语单个的动词-ing形式作定语时,一般放在被修饰词之前,而-ing短语作定语时,一般放在被修饰词之后。如:The young man is accepted as a promising scientist.这个年轻人被公认为是个很有前途的科学家。The man talking with our headmaster is my father.和我们校长谈话的那个人是我父亲。现在分词也可以作定语修饰名词,表示该名词正处在一种什么样的状态,现在分词这个动作实际上是由所修饰的名词发出的。如:a sleeping beauty (a beauty is sleeping)(睡美人)区别一个作定语的ing形式的动词是动名词还是现在分词,我们可以用这样的方法:将被修饰的名词作

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