2019届高三英语二轮复习专题五短文改错讲义.docx

专题五 短文改错 短文改错4步曲先看词法技法一 注意可数名词单复数，不可数名词要记清，谨防名词所有格(一)可数名词单复数1(2018全国卷)Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. 解析：chickenchickens短语dozens of“许多”，后面接可数名词复数，此处应用chicken的复数形式。2(2018全国卷)After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. 解析：sortsortsall 修饰可数名词sort，应用其复数形式sorts。3(2018全国卷)At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.” 解析：mistakemistakes根据语境可知，此处表示“从课本和错误中学习”，mistake是可数名词，错误不止一个，因此用复数形式。4(2017全国卷)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turn left！” 解析：wordwords根据“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turn left！”可知，教练发出了三种指令，故用word的复数形式words。5(20166月浙江高考)When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years later. 解析：childrenchild根据主语I 和冠词a 可知，此处表示“当我是个孩子时”，故用child的单数形式。6(2016全国卷)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. 解析：yearyears根据“from 13 to 19”可知，year用其复数形式。7(2018太原阶段测评)It is one of the official language of the United Nations to develop more effective communication. 解析：languagelanguages“one of可数名词复数”为固定用法，故此处应用language的复数形式。8My favourite sport is swimming, so I decided to go swimming in the sea one afternoon with my friend, Wang Fei and Li Lei. 解析：friendfriends根据该句中的“Wang Fei and Li Lei”可知，作者和两个朋友一起去游泳了。friend为可数名词，故用复数形式。(二)熟记不可数名词不可加s或es9(2017全国卷)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. 解析：informationsinformationinformation为不可数名词，没有复数形式。10(2016全国卷)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. 解析：knowledgesknowledgeknowledge意为“知识”，为不可数名词，没有复数形式。11(2018山西八校第一次联考)Whats more, Id like to do some houseworks so that my parents can have a good rest. 解析：houseworkshouseworkhousework意为“家务”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。12(2018赣州十四县市联考)Looking back on the progresses that I have made so far, I really appreciate your support. 解析：progressesprogressprogress意为“进步，前进”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。(三)注意名词所有格13(2018全国卷)When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night. 解析：FridaysFriday名词Friday修饰night，意为“星期五晚上”。14(2018福州质量检测)But with my teammates encouragement, I was able to communicate smoothly with them. 解析：teammatesteammates由语境“在我的队友们的鼓励下”可知，teammates作定语修饰encouragement，故用其所有格形式。15(2018江西五校第一次联考)In addition, the hostess cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food. 解析：hostesshostess这里指女主人的厨艺，应用名词所有格。技法二 代词务必梳理句意，分清句子成分是关键(一)前后逻辑要一致 1(2018全国卷)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. 解析：usme根据语境可知，谈话的宾语是“我”，故us应改为人称代词的宾格me。2(2017全国卷)Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. 解析：allboth或去掉allMr.and Mrs.Zhang是两个人，应用both作同位语或去掉all。all指三者或三者以上。3(2016全国卷)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. 解析：yourselfmyself指代关系不一致，根据语境可知表示“我自己”，反身代词应该与I一致，故把yourself改为myself。4(2016四川高考)Dad cleaned the house, and then went shopping.When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand. 解析：herhis句意：爸爸打扫了房子，然后去购物。当他回来时，我发现他的手里拿了一束花。这里指爸爸的手里拿着花，故将her改为his。5(2018合肥市第一次质量检测)But when I saw many people enjoying myself in the water, my fear was reducing. 解析：myselfthemselvesenjoy oneself为固定搭配，意为“玩得开心”。此处反身代词代指“many people”，故把myself改为themselves。 (二)仔细分析句子成分修饰名词常用形容词性物主代词，单独使用常用名词性物主代词，宾语常用代词的宾格；注意反身代词。6(2018全国卷)I had done myself homework, but I was shy. 解析：myselfmy/the此处意为“我的作业或这次作业”，homework应用形容词性物主代词my或定冠词the修饰。7When kids are confused about their problems or difficulties, parents active involvement in growth can make a great difference. 解析：growth前加their此处表示父母积极参与他们(孩子)的成长过程有很大作用，故要在growth前加their(代替kids)以使语意更加明确。8(2018石家庄检测)I just kept feeling sorry for me.However, after a few days, I decided not to let one single loss keep me from doing what I love. 解析：第一个memyself句子的主语是I，“我”为“我自己”感到难过，故要用反身代词。(三)牢记两组代词区别many代替可数名词，much代替不可数名词；表示“别的；另外的；其他的”用other，表示“(三者或三者以上)另外的一个”用another。9(2018全国卷)The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. 解析：anotherotheranother“又一，再一”，后接单数可数名词；复数可数名词前用other“其他的，别的”，此处表示“有狗、鸭子，还有其他的动物”，所以应该用other。10(2016全国卷)It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot. 解析：manymuch此处应用代词much指代much money，作动词cost的宾语；many通常指代可数名词复数。技法三 冠词认定标志词，兼顾读音和意思(一)看冠词是否错用1(2017全国卷)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. 解析：第一个aan/onehour虽然以辅音字母开头，但h不发音，其读音以元音音素开头，故a改为an。表示“一个半小时”可用an/one hour and a half。2(2015全国卷)Tony saw a toy in a shop window .Tony was scared and began to cry.A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop. 解析：outside后的athe特指上文提到的这家商店，因此要用定冠词the。故把a改为the。3He was an European billionaire who got everything he wanted. 解析：anaEuropean的读音以辅音音素开头，故用a。4(2018日照联考)Im delighted to tell you that our school photograph club is going to hold a International Photograph Show. 解析：aan根据单词“International”的读音以元音音素开头可知，此处应用an。5(2018福州八县市一中联考)Thirdly, reading may contribute to finding solutions to our own problems.Finally, reading is a enjoyable experience. 解析：aanenjoyable是读音以元音音素开头的单词，该处表示泛指，故用不定冠词an。(二)看冠词是否多余6(2016全国卷)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. 解析：去掉theat first“起初；一开始”，为固定短语。7(2018南昌市一模)I think its a great fun and I can make more friends. 解析：去掉afun意为“乐趣”，为不可数名词，故前面不用冠词a。8(2018石家庄检测二)In addition to these tasks, robots will even be able to play the chess and do exercise with people. 解析：去掉thechess“国际象棋”，表示乐器、棋类、球类运动的名词前不用冠词。9Thirdly, youll have to share with each other and make the good friends. 解析：去掉thefriends为名词复数，表示泛指，其前不需要用冠词。(三)看冠词是否缺失10(2018全国卷)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. 解析：countryside前加thego to the countryside意为“去农村；去乡下”，是固定搭配。11(2017全国卷)In the summer holiday following my eighteenth birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. 解析：first前加the/my序数词前应加定冠词the；本句中也可用形容词性物主代词，表示“我(学开车)的第一天”。12(2016全国卷)If we stay at home, it is comfortable and there is no need to spend money.But in that case，we will learn little about world. 解析：world前加theworld是独一无二的事物，前面要加定冠词the。13(2016四川高考)I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen. 解析：kitchen前加the此处表示特指“我”家的厨房，故应用定冠词the。14(2018石家庄检测)But I failed to get one.I was really upset.I felt like failure. 解析：failure前加a“我”感觉自己像是一个“失败的人”。failure作“失败的人或事”时为可数名词，此处表泛指且failure的读音以辅音音素开头，故在其前加a。技法四 介词记准搭配用法，杜绝多余成分的干扰(一)看介词搭配是否正确1(2018全国卷)They would say to me that playing card games would help my brain. Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. 解析：forwithplay games with sb.意为“和某人一起玩游戏”。2(2017全国卷)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. 解析：onofin the middle of .“在的中间”。此处意为“道路的中央”，表示所属关系，而on后跟地点表示“在上面”，故把on改为of。3(2016全国卷)I showed them I was independent by wearing strange clothes.Now I am leaving home to college. 解析：toforleave .for .“离开某地到另外一个地方”。故to应改为for。4It may result in the demands of modern life and some other reasons. 解析：infrom此处应表示“由导致或引起的”，故要用result from。result in“导致”。5(2019东北三省四市一模)I realized the experience was in great value and nothing was more exciting than communicating with people. 解析：inofbe of great value为固定搭配，意为“很有意义”。(二)看介词是否多余或缺失6(2017全国卷)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. 解析：去掉第二个ofrealize表示“认识到，意识到”是及物动词，其后直接跟how引导的宾语从句，故其后的介词of多余。7(2016全国卷)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time. 解析：dreams后加ofdream of doing sth.“梦想做某事”，为固定用法。8(2018太原二模)Just being active, like when you run around at outside or play basketball at school, is a type of exercise. 解析：去掉第一个atoutside为副词，意为“在外面”，可直接作状语，其前不需要介词，故应去掉介词at。9(2018武汉市武昌区调研)As a matter of fact, a great many of big companies in our city are hoping to employ people like you. 解析：去掉第二个ofa great many是固定短语，意思是“大量的”，修饰可数名词，后面直接接可数名词的复数形式，不用加介词of。10Therefore, I think its a good idea for you to return.So what are you waiting？ 解析：waiting后加forwait是不及物动词，接宾语时要加介词for，本句中waiting for的宾语是疑问代词what。11(2018安徽名校联考)In the end, I managed to reach on the top of the mountain. 解析：去掉on句意：最后，我成功到达了山顶。reach为及物动词，后面直接接地点，不用介词。12(2018昆明检测)Certainly, it was an interesting experience! I would thank for those who encouraged me to experience this kind act. 解析：去掉forthank是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语，所以应去掉for。13One day when I was on my way to home from school, I found a building on fire.Immediately I called the firefighters. 解析：去掉toon ones way home意为“在某人回家的路上”。14(2018江西五校第一次联考)Im very glad to receive your email asking for information about the host family we have arranged you to stay with. 解析：arranged后加forarrange for sb.to do sth.意为“安排某人做某事”，为固定搭配。15A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa on last Friday, causing 4 deaths. 解析：去掉onFriday前有last修饰，前面不用介词。技法五 形容词副词容易考，成分分析最重要(一)分析句子成分，看形容词副词是否用错1(2018全国卷)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. 解析：happilyhappy本句中felt是系动词，意为“觉得”，后面应用形容词作表语，故happily应改为happy。2(2018全国卷)At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.” Immediate, I raised my hand. 解析：ImmediateImmediately此处为副词作状语，修饰后面的动作raised my hand。3(2017全国卷)A few minutes late，the instructor asked me to stop the car. 解析：latelaterlate意为“迟，晚”。“一段时间later”表示“一段时间之后”，故把late改为later。4(2017全国卷) It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road. 解析：suddenlysudden该句中的stop是名词，应用形容词修饰，所以把suddenly改为sudden。5(2017全国卷)In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house. 解析：interestinginterested此处是描述主语they的心理状态， be interested in“对感兴趣”。6(2017全国卷)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought some gardening tools. 解析：earlierearly修饰动词或动词短语需用副词，且此处叙述他们经常早起这一事实，没有比较的含义，所以用副词early的原级。7First, parents can be close connected with their children through regular communication. 解析：closeclosely此处表示“紧密地联系在一起”，要用副词closely。注意：close作副词时表示距离或者时间上“接近”。8Second, parents instruction seems to be very importance to their children growth. 解析：importanceimportant根据前面的“seems to be very”可知此处要用形容词important作表语。9For one reason, what you are studying is bad needed nowadays in China. 解析：badbadly修饰动词needed，要用副词，而不能用形容词。10(2018昆明检测)It made me delighting that people loved it! Many smiles, free hugs, and photos brought a city of strangers together. 解析：delightingdelighteddelight意为“使高兴”，它的形容词有两种形式：delighting“令人高兴的”，一般修饰物，delighted“高兴的”，一般形容人。此处表示“人们喜欢它使我高兴”，形容的是人，所以把delighting改为delighted。(二)根据语境特殊词汇巧辨比较级结构11(2018全国卷)I had done my homework, but I was shy. I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people. 解析：largerlarge此处指一大群人，与上下文无比较关系。因此将larger改为large。12(2016全国卷)They were also the best and worse years in my life. 解析：worseworst根据并列连词and前用了最高级“the best”可知，应用最高级worst修饰years。13(2015陕西高考)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help. 解析：betterbest根据该句中的“in the world”及前面的the可知，此处应用形容词的最高级。14(2018广州调研)Salesmen and waiters are two of the much common jobs that students try to find during the summer months. 解析：muchmost该处指“最常见的”，故用最高级。15(2018太原二模)By using your muscles to do powerful things, you can make them strong than before. 解析：strongstronger根据“than”可知此处应用比较级形式，故strong改为stronger。技法六 非谓语动词不太难，分析成分、看准搭配是关键(一)看句型/动词搭配是否正确，介词宾语是否为动名词形式1(2018全国卷)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. 解析：sellselling此处动词位于介词by后，应用动名词形式，故sell改为selling。2(2018全国卷)Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious. 解析：eager后加tobe eager to do sth.意为“渴望做某事”。3(2017全国卷)When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！ 解析：pick 前加toinvite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”。4(2018洛阳市第一次统考)They think that my story is well worth read and that I am good at writing.I believe I will achieve my dream. 解析：readreadingbe worth doing sth.“值得做某事”，故应把read改为reading。5(2018郑州第一次质量预测)Were never going to have enough time explore everything！ 解析：time后加to句意：我们永远不会有足够的时间去探索一切。have time to do sth.意为“有时间去做某事”，为固定搭配，故在time后加to。6(2018郑州第一次质量预测)Then someone said, “Why not trying the cave dwellings (住宅) here？” We thought he was joking, but here we are really in a cave dwelling and its wonderful. 解析：tryingtry此处为why not句式，why not后跟动词原形。(二)谓语动词与非谓语动词是否混用7(2018全国卷)Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud. 解析：waitwaiting分析句子结构可知，was为谓语动词，主语Everyone与wait之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语，表示伴随，因此将wait 改成waiting。8Besides, there is a long holiday waits for me after the College Entrance Examination.And I can travel anywhere I like then. 解析：waitswaiting分析句子结构可知，wait与其逻辑主语holiday之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。9(2018广州调研)They send letters to businesses, going to job interviews, and ask their friends and relatives for help. 解析：goinggo根据语境可知，该句陈述的是当前的行为，且此处与send, ask并列作谓语，故应用动词原形。10Locating in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, the house is big enough to enable you to have a room of your own. 解析：LocatingLocated(be) located in .意为“坐落于”，为固定短语，在句中作状语，故应用Located。11(2018湖北八校第一次联考)Second, seeing a film, listening to music or hang out with our friends will also be exciting. 解析：hanghanging句意：第二，看电影、听音乐或者和朋友们出去玩也会令人很兴奋。分析句子结构可知，谓语will also be前面的部分为主语；由seeing a film, listening to music可以判断，hang out与它们并列，也应当用动名词作主语。(三)分词作定语时是否混用12At dinner, we said to her, “Happy Mothers Day！” Mom was grateful and moving. 解析：movingmoved句意：吃饭的时候，我们跟妈妈说：“母亲节快乐！”妈妈很感激也很感动。moving和moved都是由动词move演变来的形容词，moving表示“(物或事)令人感动的”，moved表示“(人)感动的”。13(2018赣州十四县市联考)However, what still makes me puzzling is how to make my dream to go to a top university come true. 解析：puzzlingpuzzledpuzzled是过去分词充当形容词，在句子中作宾语补足语，修饰人，意为“困惑的”。技法七 熟记情态动词后跟动词原形的用法1.(2018全国卷)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not to let me. 解析：去掉not后的to情态动词would表示意愿，后接动词原形。2(2016全国卷)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip. 解析：chosechoose在情态动词can之后应用动词原形，故把chose改为choose。3(2015全国卷)We must found ways to protect our environment. 解析：foundfind情态动词must后应用动词原形。1名词用法要记牢(1)看到名词，思考它在句子中的成分；(2)看到名词，思考它是否是可数名词；(3)看到名词，思考它的单复数是否正确，与修饰语是否一致；(4)progress, fun, information, news, advice等词是不可数名词，没有复数，其前不用不定冠词。2代词前后要一致(1)看到代词，思考它与指代内容是否一致；(2)看到代词，思考它的数、所有格是否正确；(3)看到不定代词，思考它的含义、特点、作用及与其他相近不定代词的区别。3冠词用法较灵活，特殊用法要记牢(1)体会the的特指意义和a/an泛指意义很重要若不可数名词不加冠词，则可表泛指；若复数名词不加冠词，则可表泛指；若单数名词与the连用，则可表特指；若单数名词与a/an连用，则可表泛指；若上下文共指或语境特指，则可用the。(2)序数词和最高级形式标志要抓牢序数词和最高级形式前用定冠词the。注意：序数词表“再一，又一”时前用不定冠词；最高级形式表“非常的”意思时前用不定冠词。4介词用法要分清(1)看到介词，思考与动词搭配是否正确；及物动词后可直接跟宾语，无需加介词；不及物动词不可直接跟宾语，其后要加上相应的介词才能跟宾语。(2)看到介词，思考与名词搭配是否正确。(3)留意特殊词。如attitude后加to; leave .for .; in all directions; from . to .; answer/key/note/solution/approach后加介词to等。5细心判定形容词和副词(1)若作定语、表语、补语，则用形容词。(2)若修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，则用副词。6精准判断非谓语动词(1)理清两种逻辑关系主谓和动宾主谓和动宾关系是处理非谓语动词过去分词和现在分词的相关问题的关键。(2)牢记一个重要标志介词介词就是标志，后接动名词形式。(3)看牢一个简单单词to注意不定式符号to的多余或缺失。注意两类词：一是使役动词make, let, have (get除外)；二是感官动词see, notice, find, hear, feel .后面跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。(4)看到并列结构，则并列词前后形式保持一致。(5)看到非谓语动词修饰人，则多使用动词ed形式作定语；看到非谓语动词修饰物，多使用动词ing形式作定语，但看到smile, face, tears, look等，多使用动词ed形式作定语。(6)注意to的介词用法：有些动词短语中的to是介词，后需接动词ing形式，如look forward to, be/get/become used to, be devoted to, pay attention to, when it comes to, stick to等。(7)熟知何种情况下使用动词原形：如助动词、情态动词后，有suggest, require等词的从句中，在make, let等使役动词以及see, hear等感官动词后作宾语补足语的动词。一、 单句对点练练明考点1.(2018武汉市武昌区调研)For another reason, it will be much more convenient for you to look after your parent as they are getting old. 解析：parentparents根据从句中的“they are”可知，此处要用parent的复数形式。2From this experience Ive gained several skill for interviewing people as a journalist. 解析：skillskillsseveral修饰可数名词的复数